Biofertilizer Application Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance and Alters the Antioxidant Enzymes in Medicinal Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. Styriaca)

The effects of mycorrhiza, Thiobacillus and Nitroxin (Azotobacter and Azospirillum sp.) biofertilizers under drought stress conditions with four levels of field capacity (FC) (control(100%), 85%, 70%, and 50%) on the antioxidant enzyme activities of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo convar. pepo var. Styriaca) were evaluated during the years 2018–2019. Irrigation levels exhibited significant effects on all studied variables, except for the catalase (CAT) enzyme. A significant correlation was observed between the effects of irrigation levels and biofertilizers on antioxidant enzymes, soluble protein content, and grain yield. The highest activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes was achieved using mycorrhiza in 50% FC. Increasing drought intensity and mycorrhiza stimulated glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities by 32% and 66%, while Nitroxin increased them by 16% and 43%, respectively. Under severe drought stress conditions, only mycorrhiza exhibited a positive effect on GR and GPX enzymes. Under moderate and severe drought stress conditions, Nitroxin increased grain yield by 13% and 12.6%, respectively. The irrigation regimes and bio-fertilizers had a significant effect on β-sitosterol percentage. The highest amount was observed at the highest level of drought stress. Among the various bio-fertilizers treatments, the application of Thiobacillus yielded the highest percentage of β-sitosterol. The results of the present study demonstrate that the application of biofertilizers is beneficial in coping with drought stress.

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Foliar application of melatonin induces tolerance to drought stress in Moldavian balm plants (Dracocephalum moldavica) through regulating the antioxidant system

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2018-0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 155-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rozita Kabiri ◽

Ali Hatami ◽

Hakimeh Oloumi ◽

Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽

Fatemeh Nasibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Surface Area

Abstract Melatonin, as an indoleamine molecule, regulates a wide range of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis and response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, the effect of exogenous application of melatonin (0 (distilled water), 50, 100 and 150 µM) to the leaves of Moldavian balm plants grown under different levels of drought stress (100% (control), 80%, 60% and 40% of field water capacity) was investigated. The results indicate that plants which were treated with 100 µM melatonin showed the greatest leaf surface area, lateral branching, flower length and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase). Foliar application of 100 µM melatonin had no significant difference in catalase activity in comparison with the control and other concentrations of melatonin under normal, moderate and severe drought stress conditions. The lowest H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation (electrolyte leakage, concentrations of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes) were obtained at the concentration of 100 µM melatonin under severe drought stress. This concentration also significantly increased the chlorophyll content and enhanced the relative water content; however, foliar application of 100 µM melatonin had no significant effect on leaf length and proline content compared with the control under normal and stress conditions. The obtained results suggested that foliar application of 100 µM melatonin was more effective than the concentrations of 50 and 150 µM melatonin in reducing the adverse effects of moderate and severe drought stress.

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Antioxidant enzymes changes in response to drought stress in ten cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/67/2009-cjgpb ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

T. Abedi ◽

H. Pakniyat

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Brassica Napus ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Irrigation Regimes

The study was undertaken to identify the responses of antioxidant enzyme activities and their isozyme patterns in seedlings of 10 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under drought stress conditions. Plants were grown under three irrigation regimes (FC; field capacity, 60% FC and 30% FC) in a greenhouse. Drought stress preferentially enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) whereas it decreased catalase (CAT) activity. Licord with the highest level of enzyme activity under both optimum and limited irrigation regimes is reported as the most tolerant cultivar. Whereas Hyola 308 and Okapy, having the lowest enzymes activities, are mentioned as cultivars sensitive to drought stress. The native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis detected eight SOD isozymes. Oilseed rape leaves contained three isoforms of Mn-SOD and five isoforms of Cu/Zn-SOD. The expression of Mn-SOD was preferentially enhanced by drought stress. Five POD isoforms were detected in oilseed rape leaves. The intensities of POD-4 and -5 were enhanced under drought stress. According to the results, the appearance of new isozyme bands under drought stress conditions may be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate drought tolerant cultivars under drought stress.

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Response of sunflower to organic and chemical fertilizers in different drought stress conditions

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aydin KHODAEI-JOGHAN ◽

Majid GHOLAMHOSEINI ◽

Majid AGHA-ALIKHANI ◽

Farhad HABIBZADEH ◽

Ali SOROOSHZADEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Chemical Fertilizers

The main objectives of this research were to determine the effects of applying organic and chemical fertilizers under different irrigation regimes on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) morphological traits, yield components, grain yield and grain quality. The experiment was conducted as spilt plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Irrigation treatments at three levels (well-irrigated, mild and severe drought stress) were allocated to main plots and eight fertilizer treatments (urea (F1), urea + composted cattle manure (F2), zeocompost (F3), vermicompost (F4), zeolite-amended chicken manure (Z-ACM) (F5), zeocompost + vermicompost (F6), zeocompost + Z-ACM (F7) and vermicompost + Z-ACM (F8)) were randomized in sub-plots. The results showed that irrespective of the drought stress intensity, organic fertilizer treatments produced more dry matter, heavier and greater grain than did chemical treatments. In well-irrigated plots, the highest grain yield was obtained from F6, F7 and F8 treatments. Under drought stress conditions, the highest grain yield was obtained from the high zeolite content organic fertilizers i.e. F3, F5 and F7. We concluded that amending soil with organic fertilizers in combination with zeolite can be a beneficial approach for decreasing chemical fertilizer application rates and improving the sustainability of agricultural systems.

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Effect of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on the drought response of barley, durum wheat and oat

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.61.2013.2.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 91-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Bencze ◽

K. Balla ◽

T. Janda ◽

O. Veisz

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Severe Drought ◽

The Impact

Phytotron experiments were conducted to examine the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 level (750 μmol mol−1) on the drought tolerance of winter barley (Petra), durum wheat (Mv Makaroni) and spring oat (Mv Pehely) varieties. Under drought stress conditions, the durum wheat variety was found to be unaffected by CO2 enrichment, as neither the biomass or grain yield nor the antioxidant enzyme activities changed compared to those at ambient CO2. Despite the fact that the spring oat variety had similar grain yield loss due to drought at both CO2 levels, it exhibited reduced antioxidant enzyme activities under less severe drought, indicating a slightly increased tolerance to drought. Winter barley, which exhibited an extremely positive reaction to CO2 enrichment at the control water supply level, also showed increased drought tolerance in response to high CO2. It had low glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and ascorbate peroxidase activities even at the most severe drought stress levels, while it could also fully compensate for the negative effects of drought on biomass and grain yield parameters when grown at elevated CO2.

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Foliar application of potassium on antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato plants under drought stress

Advances in Horticultural Science ◽

10.36253/ahsc-8468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Akram Farzane ◽

Hossein Nemati ◽

Mahmoud Shoor ◽

Hossein Ansari

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Moderate Condition ◽

Irrigation Levels

Water stress negatively affects productivity in crops, while the foliar application of potassium-containing compounds may be helpful in reducing the drought effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar applied potassium chloride (control - distilled water spray -, 3 and 6 mM-1) on tomato plants under drought stress. Three irrigation levels were maintained at 100, 75 and 50% according to evapotranspiration designated as well watered, moderate and severe drought stressed. Increasing drought stress significantly reduced plant growth and yield. The foliar applied KCl produced maximum leaf area, stem diameter and length, plant yield under each drought stress conditions compared to control. The minimum of growth factors were obtained by control under severe stress. Highest yield per plant was also recorded for foliar applied KCl under moderate condition than other treatments. Foliar applied KCl alone decreased the SOD, CAT and PPO in well-watered condition but KCl application on tomato plants under drought stress induced the antioxidant enzyme activities more than control well-watered treatment.

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Effects of Vermicompost on Some Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) under Drought Stress

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47111260 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 352-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sevinç KIRAN

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Mda Content ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Vermicompost can play an effective and important role in plant growth and development and also in reducing harmful effects of various environmental stresses on plants. The vermicompost fertilizer application was evaluated for the growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa) plants under drought stress conditions. Tests were carried out at different levels of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5%) and drought stress [no stress, moderate drought, and severe drought at 100, 50 and 25% of field capacity]. In comparison to control (vermicompost at 0%), lettuce plants treated with vermicompost at 2.5 or 5% had higher shoot height, shoot fresh weight, relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b , total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents under moderate and severe drought stress conditions. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased while plants under drought stress conditions. Application of vermicompost caused higher SOD and CAT enzyme activities and lower MDA content under drought stress. Enhancement in antioxidant enzyme activities as a result of vermicompost destroyed reactive oxygen species. Therefore, application of vermicompost under moderate and severe drought stress decreased MDA content in lettuce plant cells. Data indicated a positive effect of the vermicompost on the growth of lettuce under drought stress conditions.

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Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Two Genotypes of Rosa Damascena Mill. By Nano Silicon Under in Vitro Drought Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-963900/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh ◽

Sahar Azizi ◽

Farzad Rasouli ◽

Volkan Okatan

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Nano Silicon

Abstract Drought is a major abiotic stress that prevents plant growth and efficiency. Silicon increases drought tolerance by regulating the biosynthesis and acumulation of some osmolits.This study was conducted to modulate dought stress induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in two genotypes of damasks by nano silicon dioxide (nSiO2). The experiment included three levels of nSiO2 (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and PEG (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g L-1) added to culture medium. Drought stress decreased protein content while Maragheh genotype under normal conditios and treating with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest protein content. Under severe drought stress Maragheh genotype had stronger membrane stability index (MSI) than Kashan genotype and explants treated with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest MSI in control plants. Contrary to the negative effects of drought, plants treated with 100 mg L−1 nSiO2 maintained more of their photosynthetic parameters in comparison with other treatments and showed higher amount of protein and proline in Maragheh rather than kashan genotype. Drought stress reduced the values of Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv. In general, under drought stress, treatment with nSiO2 increased the mentioned characteristics before. It also improved water deficit tolerance through enhancing in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while the amount of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide decreased. The results showed that Maragheh genotype may be more stronger in counter with water deficit by improving in water balance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and membrane stability.

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Physiological Responses and Antioxidant of Wheat Cultivars in PGR -Mediated Alleviation of Drought Stress

Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences ◽

10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dehghanzadeh H ◽

◽

Adavi Z ◽

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Water Status ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Positive Effects

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses and factors limiting the successful production of plant products worldwide and has adverse effects on plant growth and other metabolic processes. The role of exogenous individual or combined application of Silicon (Si) and Cycocel (CCC) (control, 3.6gL-1 Si, 210mgL-1 CCC, and 3.6gL-1 Si + 210mgL-1 CCC) on grain yield and some key physiological characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Gascogen (drought-sensitive) and Aflak (drought-tolerant) was investigated under field water-stress conditions (100% and 40% field capacity). Drought stress caused a considerable reduction in biological yield, yield and yield components, relative water content and leaf water potential of both cultivars. Application of Si and CCC effectively improved these parameters in water-deficit treatments. Moreover, water-limited conditions markedly promoted the activities of key antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase as well as the levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while enhancing the accumulation of soluble sugars, potassium, magnesium and calcium in leaf tissues. Application of Si and CCC further enhanced the activities of the key antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of osmolytes, and decreased the levels of H2O2 and MDA in drought stressed plants; the positive effects of Si were greatest when it was applied with CCC. Synergistic effects of Si + CCC application on yield and physiological parameters were apparent compared with Si or CCC applied separately water-stress alleviation and yield improvement in the wheat cultivars by Si and CCC application was attributable to partly improved osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity as well as to more favorable water status under stress conditions. Overall, Si and CCC application proved to have great potential in promoting grain yield of wheat in drought-prone areas.

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Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Invasive Species Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth to Drought Stress

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13115976 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 5976

Author(s):

Liye Zhou ◽

Xun Tian ◽

Beimi Cui ◽

Adil Hussain

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

The invasive plant Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth exhibits strong adaptability to stress, especially drought. When newly introduced certain plant species can become invasive and quickly spread in an area due to lack of competition, potentially disturbing the ecological balance and species diversity. C. pauciflorus has been known to cause huge economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry. Thus, understanding the physiological responses of C. pauciflorus to drought stress could help explore the role of C. pauciflorus in population expansion in sandy land environments. In this study, we evaluated the response of C. pauciflorus to induced low, moderate, and severe drought stress conditions. Results showed a linear reduction in the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and relative water content (RWC) of the aboveground parts of C. pauciflorus following drought stress as compared to the control plants (no drought stress). Chemical analyses showed that the drought treatments significantly induced the production of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, MDA, and free amino acids as compared to the control treatment (no drought stress). On the other hand, the starch content was significantly reduced in drought-treated plants. This was also accompanied by a significant linear increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, and CAT) in plants subjected to drought stress. On the basis of physiological and biochemical analyses, we propose that C. pauciflorus has evolved to survive harsh drought stress conditions of the desert via sophisticated biochemical adjustment and antioxidant reprograming that allows protection against damage caused by drought stress.

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