scholarly journals Factors Associated with Men Engagement in HIV Continuum of Care in Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study to Identify Gaps to be Closed Towards HIV Epidemic Control in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rwibasira GN ◽  
◽  
Rutayisire E ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Hiv Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Continuum Of Care ◽  
The Impact

Despite the global achievements to control HIV epidemic and end AIDS by 2030, there is still a discrepancy in accessing HIV services. Men are among the population that are lagging behind when it comes to consuming available services to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS. We conducted this study to determine the level of Rwandan men engagement in HIV services delivery. We used cross- sectional design to analyze data from a Population- based HIV impact assessment, a household-based survey conducted in Rwanda from October 2018 to March 2019. Cascade from awareness of the HIV status, linkage to ART and Viral load suppression were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to establish relationship between independent variables and outcomes. Data cleaning and analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4. 13. A total of 821 males aged 15 to 64 years participated in the survey, 302 (2.1%) of them tested positive, 92.2% (95% CI: 89.2-95.2) reported tested once for HIV. Overall, 78.2% (95% CI: 72.4-84) reported to be aware of their status and on ART. 70.5% (95% CI: 63.8-77.2) reported to have suppressed viral load. Married or living together with a partner showed to be 7 times more likely to be on ART vs single or never married (OR: 7.42, 95% CI: (1.75;31.38), P <0.01). Odds of viral load suppression increases with age, and those aged above 55 years showed to be more suppressing their virus (OR: 3.94, (95% CI: 0.92-16.9), P=0.07). Findings from this study revealed the gaps to be closed to include all population in maximizing HIV service delivery.

scholarly journals Which body mass index is best associated with risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a Japanese-Brazilian population?

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Farah Simony ◽  
Suely Godoy Agostinho Gimeno ◽  
Sandra Roberta Gouveia Ferreira ◽  
Laércio Joel Franco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Brazilians ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different body mass index (BMI) ranges associated with the risk of diabetes and hypertension in Japanese-Brazilians. This cross-sectional study was based on data from 1,330 Japanese-Brazilians > 30 years of age who participated in a population-based survey on the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. Glucose tolerance status was classified according to WHO criteria and blood pressure levels according to the VI-JNC. Odds ratios for diabetes and hypertension were calculated for different BMI ranges; for different BMIs, sensitivity and specificity for percentiles 25, 50, 75, 90 and 95 were obtained. Increased odds ratios for diabetes mellitus and hypertension were observed with BMI values > 25kg/m². The 50th percentile corresponded to the highest sensitivity and specificity for the identification of risk for both diseases. Our results suggest that BMI values proposed by WHO should also be useful for this group of Japanese descendants in the assessment of risk for DM and hypertension.

scholarly journals Serology reflects a decline in the prevalence of trachoma in two regions of The Gambia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Migchelsen ◽  
Nuno Sepúlveda ◽  
Diana L Martin ◽  
Gretchen Cooley ◽  
Sarah Gwyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
River Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ct Antigens ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTrachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). It is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem. In 2014, a population-based cross-sectional study was performed in two previously trachoma-endemic areas of The Gambia. Participants of all ages from Lower River Region (LRR) (N = 1028) and Upper River Region (URR) (N = 840) underwent examination for trachoma and had blood collected for detection of antibodies against the Ct antigen Pgp3, by ELISA. Overall, 30 (1.6%) individuals had active trachoma; the prevalence in children aged 1–9 years was 3.4% (25/742) with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between the regions. There was a significant difference in overall seroprevalence by region: 26.2% in LRR and 17.1% in URR (p<0.0001). In children 1-9 years old, seroprevalence was 4.4% in LRR and 3.9% in URR. Reversible catalytic models using information on age-specific seroprevalence demonstrated a decrease in the transmission of Ct infection in both regions, possibly reflecting the impact of improved access to water, health and sanitation as well as mass drug administration campaigns. Serological testing for antibodies to Ct antigens is potentially useful for trachoma programmes, but consideration should be given to the coendemicity of sexually transmitted Ct infections.

scholarly journals The Impact of Testicular Loss on The Psychopathology of Young Patients: Population-Based Analysis Of 4 Million Examinees of Manpower Administration Database

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
S. Lee ◽  
◽  
J. Kim ◽  
K. Moon ◽  
J. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Patients of hypogonadism have high risk of depression and anxiety with impaired quality of life but the psychopathological impact of testicular loss without hypogonadism is rarely reported. We studied the impact of unilateral or bilateral testicular loss on psychopathology. Design and Method: We retrospectively analyzed 4 million cases of Manpower Administration (MA) database for the evaluation of the psychopathological status of men with testicular loss. For screening psychopathological status, we used the Military Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The examinees of testicular loss were defined at least 50% decrease of testicular volume at CT scan. The examinees without severe medical disability were classified as normal control group. The abnormal result of MMPI scale was defined as a score more than one standard deviation. Results: In this cross-sectional study, total 3932 unilateral testicular absent examinees (UTAE) and 203 bilateral testicular absent examinees (BTAE) were screened. After exclusion of examinees with abnormal response, total 3562 UTAEs and 171 BTAEs were included for final analysis. The abnormal rate of anxiety (15.5% vs. 9.5%), depression (18.3% vs. 10.6%), somatization (18.6% vs 8.7%) and personality disorder (16.8% vs. 13.7%) were higher in UTAE group than matched control. The abnormal rate of depression (18.3% vs. 15.8%) and somatization (18.6% vs. 12.6%) in UTAE group were even higher than in BTAE group. Conclusions: Our population based study suggests young patients with testicular loss are psychopathological vulnerable condition. More active psychopathological screening is indicated for young testicular loss patients.

scholarly journals Evaluating the outcomes of enhanced adherence counselling intervention on clients with high viral loads in selected health facilities in Monze.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Kaira ◽  
Tresford Sikazwe ◽  
John Simwanza ◽  
Mowa Zambwe ◽  
Peter J. Chipimo
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Viral Load Suppression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Adherence Counselling ◽  
Counselling Intervention

To investigate the changes in Viral Load(VL) during Enhanced Adherence Counselling (EAC) sessions and its determinants among ART clients with unsuppressed VLs in Monze district. Method: A Cross-sectional study involving 616 HVL ART clients from 15 health facilities in Monze district which was conducted between October 1 2019 and March 30 2021. Results Out of 616 clients analysed, there was an improvement in viral load suppression following completion of EAC with a final outcome of 61% suppression. 28.7% remained unsuppressed. A total of 9.1% had no final viral load results documented and 0.2 % had been transferred out of their respective facilities and were not included in the study. Collection of repeat Viral loads was done on 84% of the clients with high viral load results while 16% had no record of sample collection. A total of 56 results were not received giving a result return of 89% from repeat samples collected. Females had a 40% likelihood of being unsuppressed at 95% CI (41% to 86%) compared to the males. Conclusion EAC improves the outcomes of HVLs and should be encouraged on all high viral clients. Programs should be developed to improve suppression in females on ART

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chronic Pain, Treatments, Perception, and Interference on Life Activities: Brazilian Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Barcellos de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Grossmann ◽  
Dirce Maria Navas Perissinotti ◽  
Jose Oswaldo de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Paulo Renato Barreiros da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background and Objectives. Chronic pain affects between 30% and 50% of the world population. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pain in Brazil, describe and compare differences between pain types and characteristics, and identify the types of therapies adopted and the impact of pain on daily life. Methods. Cross-sectional study of a population-based survey with randomized sample from a private database. The interviews were conducted by phone. 78% of the respondents aged 18 years or more agreed to be interviewed, for a total of 723 respondents distributed throughout the country. Independent variables were demographic data, pain and treatment characteristics, and impact of pain on daily life. Comparative and associative statistical analyses were conducted to select variables for nonhierarchical logistic regression. Results. Chronic pain prevalence was 39% and mean age was 41 years with predominance of females (56%). We found higher prevalence of chronic pain in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Pain treatment was not specific to gender. Dissatisfaction with chronic pain management was reported by 49% of participants. Conclusion. 39% of interviewed participants reported chronic pain, with prevalence of females. Gender-associated differences were found in intensity perception and interference of pain on daily life activities.

scholarly journals The impact of front of package label design on consumer understanding of nutrient amounts among residents of the urban area in Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2141-2148
Author(s):  
Viswanath B ◽  
Manju ◽  
Timsi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Nutrient Amounts ◽  
The Impact

The producer, selling and utilisation of packed nourishments have supported a preeminent flood lately in India. Food labelling is one of the vital population-based methods that can help customers make beneficial food selections by offering essential information about the food on the packaging. The present study aims to assess the impact of front of package label design on consumer understanding of nutrient amounts among residents of the urban area in Chennai. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area in Chennai. Four hundred participants were studied by convenient sampling method. Participants were from 18 years age and above. The study duration was about three months. A pretested and semi-structured questionnaire was given, and the desired information was elicited. Data was then analysed with the help of statistical package for the social sciences software (SPSS). Chi-square test was done to test the significance (p<0.05). The mean age was of the participants was found to be 27.52 ± 11SD. About 63% of participants preferred packed foods over unpacked foods. And 68% of participants have nutritional knowledge and looked into nutrition facts on the back of the pack. Association of gender and socioeconomic class with knowledge of participants were found to be insignificant. Association of occupation with the frequency of purchasing packed food products was significant. Many people look into the nutrition facts table and do not understand and fail to interpret. It is important to provide front of pack labels for better understanding of the consumers.

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