scholarly journals Comportamento suicida: uma revisão narrativa da literatura / Revisiting suicidal behaviour: a narrative review of literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Alexandre Daher Gonçalves Monteiro dos Reis ◽  
Gustavo Yamin Fernandes ◽  
Fernando Augusto Nakazato Hokama ◽  
Felipe Zocatelli Yamamoto ◽  
Guilherme Cavazzani Vaccarezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Introdução: O comportamento suicida não abrange apenas o desfecho letal, mas um conjunto de eventos, com tendência teórica a escalonamento, denominado espectro suicida. Portanto, pode-se considerar a tentativa como parte da mesma afecção que o suicídio consumado. Encontra-se entre as principais etiologias de óbito entre adolescentes e adultos jovens, mas também acomete consideravelmente a população geriátrica. Além disso, nosso país figura no topo do ranking de números absolutos de ocorrências, com indícios de inclinação a aumento. Objetivo/Metodologia: O presente trabalho propôs revisão da literatura acerca do tema, utilizando a base de dados “PUBMED” e considerando artigos brasileiros e internacionais da última década. O cerne bibliográfico foi estruturado a partir de pesquisa via palavras-chave, com subsequente seleção da amostra obtida e ampliação, considerando referências utilizadas nos artigos- -base. O substrato final reuniu 47 artigos, abordando as características da enfermidade e dos impactados por ela, bem como estratégias populacionais de controle. Resultados: Múltiplos fatores de risco podem, e geralmente têm, envolvimento síncrono, mas o maior relevo pertence a tentativas de suicídio prévias e transtornos psiquiátricos. Determinadas características do indivíduo também contribuem na elaboração de perfil de risco. Já o método adotado pode tanto sofrer influência de determinado grupo epidemiológico quanto influenciar o curso de evolução mórbida. Classicamente, as tentativas contam com supremacia feminina, em oposição ao desfecho letal, fenômeno dominado por homens idosos. Ambos, empreendidos, amiúde, no próprio domicílio do paciente. Diferentes metodologias de predição do transtorno já foram empregadas, não se obtendo resultados plenamente satisfatórios, contudo. Até um quarto dos pacientes não exterioriza a intenção suicida ao seu médico, reforçando a relevância de estratégias preventivas e de rastreio. Conclusão: Infelizmente, no Brasil, os sub-registros compõem empecilho adicional às iniciativas de prevenção primária e secundária. Destarte, enquanto as dimensões adversas não forem apequenadas, faz-se pertinente a constante rememoração do tema e de sua magnitude.Descritores: Suicídio, Tentativa de suicídio, Ideação suicida, Prevenção do comportamento autodestrutivo, Fatores de riscoABSTRACTIntroduction: Suicidal behavior not only refers to the lethal outcome, but a set of events, with a theoretical tendency to progression, called the Suicidal Spectrum. Therefore, the attempt can be considered as part of the same condition as the consummate suicide. It is a major etiology for the death of adolescents and young adults, but also affects the geriatric population considerably. In addition, our country is at the top of the ranking of absolute numbers of occurrences, with indications of a tendency to increase. Aim/Methods: The present article proposes a literary review about the matter, using PUBMED’s platform and taking into consideration local and international publications from the past tem years. The bibliography core was built through a keyword guided research, followed by result’s filtration and expansion, using original article’s references and related manuscripts. The final compilation gathered 47 papers, addressing disease’s and patient’s characteristics, as well as potential populational policies. Results: Multiple risk factors can, and are often, involved concomitantly, with special attention given to previous suicide attempts and psychiatric disorders. Features of the individual also contribute to outline risk profiles. The means adopted can both be influenced by epidemiological characteristics and influence the course of morbid evolution. Classicaly, while attempts have a stronger association with women, self-induced deaths are more seen among men, seniors, above all. Regardless of the tenor of the action, the site of preference seems to be the own’s patient home. Different approaches to the issue have already been attempted, never achieving outright success, however. Up to a quarter of patients do not externalize suicidal intent to their physician, reinforcing the relevance of preventive and screening strategies. Conclusion: Unfortunately, in Brazil, sub-registries settle additional impediment to primary and secondary prevention strategies planning. Therefore, while the issue’s proportions remain unrestrained, the subject must be often revisited.Keywords: Suicide, Suicide attempt, Suicidal ideation, Prevention of self-injurious behavior, Risk factors

scholarly journals Risk in the scope of research and innovative technological projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Rafał Hubicki ◽  
Maria Richert ◽  
Piotr Łebkowski ◽  
Joanna Kulczycka ◽  
Asja Mrotzek-Bloess
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Fruitful Cooperation ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Categories ◽  
Management Of Risk

Assessment and management of risk constitute the subject of many researches. Nevertheless, many more specific factors are applicable during the implementation of innovative technological projects. On the article identified risk factors, which have been supplemented, systematized and assigned to the individual risk categories. The risk assessment methods for R&D projects have been analysed, as well as the risk sheets have been developed for the R&D project through the use of dotProject application. Also shown that networking and clustering is a change for fruitful cooperation within difference EU projects, which create trust between business and sciences and reduce the risk.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis by the National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e036048
Author(s):  
Nur Azzalia Kamaruzaman ◽  
Yin-Hui Leong ◽  
Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar ◽  
Halilol Rahman Mohamed Khan ◽  
Noor Afiza Abdul Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Case Report Form ◽  
Pesticide Poisoning ◽  
Poison Centre ◽  
National Poison ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

ObjectivePesticide poisoning is a global health problem, and its progressive deterioration is a major cause of concern. The objective of this study is to assess epidemiological characteristics and identify risk factors of pesticide poisoning in Malaysia.SettingPesticide poisoning database of Malaysia National Poison Centre (NPC) from 2006 to 2015.ParticipantsTelephone enquiries regarding pesticide poisoning were made by healthcare professionals. Information received by the NPC was entered into a retrievable database of standardised Poison Case Report Form, as adapted from the World Health Organization (WHO).OutcomesThe outcome of the study is to provide an overview of national epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning. High-risk groups of people and their circumstances were also identified to ensure that appropriate measures are strategised.ResultsWithin the study period, a total of 11 087 pesticide poisoning cases were recorded. Sixty per cent of these cases were intentional in nature and most were found among male individuals (57%) of the Indian race (36.4%) aged between 20 and 29 years (25.5%), which occurred at home (90%) through the route of ingestion (94%). The highest number of poisoning was due to herbicides (44%) followed by agricultural insecticides (34%), rodenticides (9.9%), household insecticides (9.5%) and fungicides (0.5%). In addition, 93.6% of intentional pesticide poisoning cases were caused by suicide attempts. The results of this study show that there was an increasing trend in pesticide poisoning incidents over the 10-year duration. This indicates that pesticide poisoning is a prevalent public health problem in Malaysia, resulting in an average incidence rate of 3.8 per 100 000 population.ConclusionsDeliberate pesticide ingestion as a method of suicide has become a disturbing trend among Malaysians. Therefore, regulation of highly hazardous pesticides must be enforced to ensure controlled and limited access to these chemicals by the public.

Genetics of Pancreatitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Pancreas Cancer ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cationic Trypsinogen ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Genetically Determined

There was some recent progress in the understanding of genetic risk factors in chronic pancreatitis. Due to this progress some of the traditional views of the subject will change. Today, genetic risk factors are attributed a much more important role that in the past. The frequency and strength of mutations were higher than expected. Strong variants were the rare autosomal-dominant mutations N29I and R122H of PRSS1 (cationic trypsinogen) and homozygous N34S of SPINK1 (pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor). Other mutations (heterozygous N34S, CFTR) were of lower relevance but still mediate a higher risk than alcohol consumption. The course of genetically determined pancreatitis is rather mild. In the long term pancreas cancer was found in some patients but apart from non-smoking no adequate prophylactic strategy is available up to now.

Suffrage Provisions in State Constitutions

1919 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-592
Author(s):  
Kirk H. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Expert Advice ◽  
General Outline ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Legislative Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vain Attempt ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Similar Legislation

Within recent years there has been a tendency to give more careful attention to the technique of legislation. In the past proposed laws have often been prepared by legislators who knew what they wanted, but were not able to express their wishes in scientifically constructed form. It is desirable of course that representatives of the people should determine legislative policy; and yet it is not counter to any intelligent principle of democracy that the drafting of bills should be done by experts who can put in brief though adequate phrases the essence of what the technically unskilled representative may want. It should be their task to use political machinery intelligently, and to warn the overzealous advocate against using it in a vain attempt to achieve an end which mayhap cannot be secured through political machinery at all. It is right that the people, through democratic channels of popular assemblies, should determine what they want; but it is no less proper that use should be made of those with special training to formulate ways and means.Some states have already established legislative reference bureaus which do the work of bill drafting. The individual legislator goes to the bureau with a general outline of a law he has in mind. The bureau renders expert advice on the subject matter of the bill, if such advice is wanted, and proceeds to draft a measure embracing the subject in hand. The staff connected with the bureau should be prepared to offer advice as to the constitutionality of the proposed law, to cite precedents in other states if such can be found, and to express an opinion as to the probable attitude of the courts when interpreting it. Information should be at hand regarding the experience of other states, or indeed other countries, with similar legislation.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet: Origin History, Main Components, Evidence of Benefits and Feasibility to Adapt to the Russian Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
D. U. Akasheva ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Main Components

An unhealthy diet takes the lead in the concept of cardiovascular risk factors. It contributes to the development of various so-called “alimentary-dependent” risk factors and conditions: overweight/obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia. This, in turn, leads to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many ways to rationalize and improve nutrition have been suggested. But the supremacy in prevention of cardiovascular diseases over the past decades steadily belongs to the Mediterranean diet. The history of origin, its main components, as well as the studies in which its usefulness has been proven, became the subject of this review. In addition, issues of adaptation of the Mediterranean diet to the Russian reality are submitted for discussion.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF THR STUDENT'S RESILIENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 218-239
Author(s):  
Ю.В. Постылякова
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Family System ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Resilience ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

В статье в рамках экологического и ресурсного подходов анализируется понятие индивидуальной жизнеспособности как важной характеристики студентов. Рассматриваются индивидуальные навыки жизнеспособности студента, проявляемой им в процессе обучения в университете, анализируются модели жизнеспособности А. Мастен и М. Унгара, созданные в рамках экологической модели развития Ю. Бронфеннбренера. Предложена экологическая модель жизнеспособности студента, которая позволяет учитывать большое число различных факторов риска, прямо или опосредованно оказывающих влияние на студента, и его защитных факторов, к которым он может обращаться для ответа на требования или угрозы, идущие от факторов риска. Факторы риска, действующие на уровне макросистем (актуальная экологическая, эпидемиологическая, экономическая и др. ситуации в стране или мире), в которые включен субъект, взаимодействуют со всеми нижележащими уровнями экологический системы (микро-, мезо- и экзосистемы, например, образовательная система вуза; семейная система и др.), и опосредованно оказывают на них влияние. Все это предъявляет к студенту требования, на которые он вынужден отвечать на основе своих индивидуальных ресурсов, а также ресурсов, заключенных на микро-, мезо- и экзо- уровнях. На любом из уровней, любая из систем может нести в себе как факторы риска, так и факторы защиты, быть ресурсной для отдельного студента. Риски могут возникать как на индивидуальном уровне (на уровне микросистем), так и на уровнях более высокого порядка. Поэтому и проявления жизнеспособности студентом оказываются необходимыми во всех этих системах и на разных уровнях. Развитие и усиление жизнеспособности происходит по мере того, как все уровни (семьи, университета, сообщества) работают вместе, чтобы положительно влиять на индивидуальный уровень жизнеспособности студента. Показано значение экологической модели жизнеспособности студента при использовании ее специалистами в области социальной, педагогической, семейной психологии, психологии развития для анализа факторов риска и жизнеспособности в научных исследованиях, психотерапевтической и консультационной работе. The article analyzes the concept of individual resilience as an important characteristic of students within the framework of environmental and resource approaches. The individual skills of the student's resilience shown by him in the process of studying at the University are considered, the models of resilience by A. Masten and M. Ungar created within the framework of the ecological model of development by Yu. Bronfenbrenner. An ecological model of the student's resilience is proposed, which allows us to take into account a large number of different risk factors that directly or indirectly affect the student, and his protective factors that he can turn to respond to the requirements or threats coming from risk factors. Risk factors operating at the level of macro-systems (current environmental, epidemiological, economic, etc. situations in the country or world), in which the subject is included, interact with all the underlying levels of the ecological system (micro -, meso - and exosystems, for example, the educational system of a university, the family system, etc.), and indirectly influence them. All this makes demands on the student, which he is forced to meet on the basis of his individual resources, as well as resources contained at the micro -, meso - and exo - levels. At any level, any of the systems can carry both risk factors and protection factors, be a resource for a student. Risks can occur both at the individual level (at the level of Microsystems) and at higher-order levels. The manifestations of resilience by the student are necessary in all these systems and at different levels. The development and strengthening of resilience occurs as all levels (family, university, community) work together to positively influence the individual level of the student's resilience. The importance of the ecological model of the student's resilience is shown when it is used by specialists in the field of social, pedagogical, family psychology, developmental psychology for the analysis of risk factors and resilience in scientific research, psychotherapeutic and consulting work.

Youth suicide attempts and the dose–response relationship to parental risk factors: a population-based study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Christiansen ◽  
R. D. Goldney ◽  
A. L. Beautrai ◽  
E. Agerbo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Response Effect ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
Dose Response Effect

BackgroundThere is a lack of specific knowledge about the dose–response effect of multiple parental risk factors for suicide attempts among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the dose–response effect of multiple parental risk factors on an offspring's risk for suicide attempt.MethodWe designed a population-based two-generation nested case–control study and used Danish register data. A population of 403 431 individuals born between 1983 and 1989 was sampled. Among these, 3465 (0.8%) were registered as having had a suicide attempt. Twenty controls were matched to each case and a link to the offspring's biological parents was established.ResultsThere was a dose–response relationship between the number of exposures and the risk of suicide attempts, with the increased risk seeming to be a multiplicative effect. Parental suicide, suicide attempt, psychiatric illness and low level of income were all significant independent risk factors for offspring's suicide attempts.ConclusionsKnowledge of the effect of multiple risk factors on the likelihood of suicide attempts in children and adolescents is important for risk assessment. Dose–response effects of multiple parental risk factors are multiplicative, but it is rare for children and adolescents to be exposed to multiple parental risk factors simultaneously. Nevertheless, they should be considered along with the offspring's own multiple risk factors in determining the overall risk of a suicide attempt. Further research incorporating both parental and offspring's risk factors is indicated to determine the overall dose–response effect of multiple risk factors.

Incidence and risk factors for suicide attempts in a general population of young people: A Danish register-based study

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Christiansen ◽  
Kim Juul Larsen ◽  
Esben Agerbo ◽  
Niels Bilenberg ◽  
Elsebeth Stenager
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Risk ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To estimate the Danish epidemiological long-term incidence rates for suicide attempts in the general population of children and adolescents, and to analyze the impact from single and multiple risk factors on the risk of suicide attempts. Method: We used longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all individuals born between 1983 and 1989 and living in Denmark to calculate incidence rates. From the cohort, we identified all who have attempted suicide, and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to estimate the impact from risk factors on the risk for index suicide attempts. We established a link to the biological parents and identified risk factors for two generations. Risk factors were analyzed in a conditional logistic regression model. Results: We identified 3718 suicide attempters and 185,900 controls (189,618 individuals, aged 10–21 years). We found increasing incidence rates during the period 1994–2005, and higher incidence rates for girls and the oldest adolescents. Mental illness was the strongest independent risk factor (IRR = 4.77, CI = (4.35–5.23), p < 0.0001), but parental mental illness (psychopharmacological drugs: IRR = 1.27, CI = (1.18–1.37), p < 0.0001) and socio-demographic factors (parents not living together: IRR = 1.38, CI = (1.28–1.48), p < 0.0001) were also significant independent risk factors. Exposure to multiple risk factors increased the risk significantly. Conclusions: Suicide attempt is a multi-factorial problem, and a problem on the increase in the period studied. Individuals exposed to multiple risk factors are at the highest risk for suicide attempts, and when spotted or in contact with authorities they should be given proper care and treatment to prevent suicide attempts and death.

scholarly journals SALUD Y BIENESTAR: TRASTORNOS DEL ESTADO DE ANIMO Y SUICIDIO EN ESTUDIANTES DE BACHILLERATO.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Jessenia Paredes Bernal
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

En el ser humano el estado de ánimo puede ser normal, elevado o deprimido, el sujeto pierde la sensación de control sobre su ánimo y experimenta incomodidad general. Cuando estos se agravan se convierten en trastornos del Estado de Animo que se divide en bipolares y depresivos. La depresión es un sentimiento persistente de inutilidad, pérdida de interés por el mundo y falta de esperanza en el futuro, que modifica negativamente la funcionalidad del sujeto en ocasiones llevándolo a tomar decisiones equivocadas como el suicidio. En este estudio se pretendió analizar este trastorno desde los principios de la psicología clínica y de la salud para objetivar la desesperanza, las expectativas negativas con respecto al individuo mismo y a su vida futura en 42 estudiantes de bachillerato. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron observar que si existe una relación entre los trastornos de ánimo y los intentos de suicidio que se detectaron en la escala de evaluación. Como conclusión es necesario recalcar la importancia de la detección temprana de los cambios de estado de ánimo en los adolescentes puede evitar un suicidio la misma que es la segunda causa de muerte, según el informe de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Abstract In the human being, the state of mind can be normal, elevated or depressed, the subject loses the feeling of control over their mood and experiences general discomfort. When these are aggravated they become disorders of the State of Animo that is divided into bipolar and depressive. Depression is a persistent feeling of uselessness, loss of interest in the world and lack of hope in the future, which negatively modifies the functionality of the subject at times leading him to make wrong decisions such as suicide. In this study, we tried to analyze this disorder from the principles of clinical psychology and health to objectify the hopelessness, the negative expectations regarding the individual himself and his future life in 100 high school students. The results obtained allowed to observe that if there is a relationship between mood disorders and suicide attempts that were detected in the evaluation scale. In conclusion it is necessary to emphasize the importance of early detection of mood swings in adolescents can avoid suicide which is the second cause of death, according to the report of the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Suicide attempts: a contingency analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Flávia Caroline Figel ◽  
Cláudia Lúcia Menegatti ◽  
Elke do Pilar Nemer Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to understand, from the perspective of behavioral analysis, the possible antecedents and consequences of a suicide attempt for the individual responsible, using reports from patients that were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital located in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, due to their suicide attempts. Three patients that attempted suicide in 2010 took part in this study. Semi-structured interviews were performed, which included questions about the attempt, its antecedents and consequences, and the life history of the patient. Functional analysis showed the presence of risk factors for suicide, as well as reinforcing consequences for the individuals, such as social care only being available after the attempts.

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