Child Drawing: A Projective Tool for Dental Anxiety Assessment

INTRODUCTION: Assessment of child’s anxiety is important in order to determine the success of dental treatment. Drawing, a nonverbal, self-report, projective and non-invasive technique may prove be helpful and needs to be explored in order to access anxiety in children requiring dental treatment.AIM: To investigate the applicability of children’s drawings as an indicator to measure their level of anxiety.MATERIALS & METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of hundred children between age group of 4-6 years. Children were asked to draw dental operatory on A4 sheet and colour it with basic set of 12 colours. The drawing was scored using Child Drawing: Hospital (projective scale) scale and the results were compared with pulse oximeter readings (physiological parameter) and Venham Picture Test scorings.RESULTS: Child Drawing: Hospital scale scoring had a positive correlation with pulse oximeter reading (involuntary) (p-value = 0.125) and a negative correlation with Venham picture test (p-value = 0.140).CONCLUSION: Drawing may be statistically significant projective tool significant to assess child anxiety in dental setting.

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Hubungan Kecemasan terhadap Perawatan Gigi dengan Indeks DMF-T pada Anak Usia 10–12 Tahun di SD Negeri 27 Manado

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.6.2.2018.20854 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Uswatun Khasanah ◽

Paulina Gunawan ◽

Herdy Munayang

Keyword(s):

Dental Care ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Positive Interaction ◽

Design Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract: One of the most chronic dental diseases suffered by children is caries. Child anxiety during dental care often becomes a hindrance for dentists in order to give the best or optimum care or treatment. Therefore, it is important for the dentists to have a good relationship with patients, especially children. Childern who have a positive interaction with their dentists could overcome their anxiety, so they will not be afraid to go to the dentist. This study was aimed to analyze the relationship between child anxiety during dental care and DMF-T index among children aged 10–12 years old at SDN 27 Manado (elementary school). Subjects were children aged 10–12 years old who had experienced tooth treatment. This was an analytical descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained by using Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) questionnaire and DMF-T examination. The data were analyzed with the Pearson simple correlation test. The results showed that of 40 subjects, 7 children (17.5%) were not anxious for dental care, 24 children (60%) were slightly anxious, 7 children (17.5%) were anxious, and 2 children (5.0%) were very anxious. The DMF-T score 3-5 was the most common, each of 6 children (15%), meanwhile the most rare was the DMF-T scores of 10 and 15, each of 1 child (2.5%). The Pearson test of the correlation between anxiety during dental treatment and DMF-T index showed a P of 0.472. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between child anxiety for dental care and DMF-T index.Keywords: feeling of anxiety, dental care, DMF-T index Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit kronis yang paling sering diderita anak ialah karies. Kecemasan anak saat menjalani perawatan gigi sering menjadi penghalang bagi dokter gigi untuk memberikan perawatan yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi dokter gigi menjalin hubungan yang baik dengan pasien khususnya pasien anak. Anak yang memiliki interaksi positif terhadap dokter gigi dapat mengatasi rasa cemasnya, sehingga mereka tidak akan takut ke dokter gigi dan memiliki kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kecemasan terhadap perawatan gigi dengan indeks DMF-T pada anak usia 10–12 tahun di SDN 27 Manado. Subyek penelitian yaitu anak berusia 10-12 tahun yang sudah pernah menerima perawatan gigi sebelumnya. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan pengisian kuesioner Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) dan pemeriksaan DMF-T. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi sederhana Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 40 responden, 7 anak (17,5%) tidak cemas terhadap perawatan gigi, 24 anak (60%) cemas ringan terhadap perawatan gigi, 7 anak (17,5%) cemas sedang terhadap perawatan gigi, 2 anak (5,0%) cemas berat terhadap perawatan gigi. Skor DMF-T 3-5 merupakan jumlah terbanyak masing-masing 6 anak (15%), paling sedikit pada skor DMF-T 10 dan 15 masing-masing sebanyak 1 anak (2,5%). Uji Pearson terhadap hubungan antara perasaan cemas anak terhadap perawatan gigi dengan indeks DMF-T mendapatkan nilai P=0,472. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi antara perasaan cemas anak terhadap perawatan gigi dengan indeks DMF-T.Kata kunci: perasaan cemas, perawatan gigi, indeks DMF-T

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Pengaruh pola asuh orangtua terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak sebelum menjalani perawatan penambalan gigi Di RSGM Unsrat

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.5.1.2017.14770 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia S. Sagrang ◽

Vonny N.S. Wowor ◽

Christy N. Mintjelungan

Keyword(s):

Parenting Style ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Dental Filling ◽

Fear Survey Schedule ◽

High Level

Abstract: One problem of a child behavior that often occurs when they undergo dental treatment is anxiety. There are many factors that can cause anxiety in children, inter alia the style of parenting applied to their children. There are three kinds of parenting, as follows: authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. This study was aimed to analyze the influence the parenting style upon the child anxiety before dental filling treatment at RSGM Unsrat (dental clinic). This was a descriptive analytical study with a cross sectional design. There were 31 respondents obtained by using purposive sampling method. Data were collected from parenting questionnaires and CFSS-DS (Children Dental Fear Survey Schedule-subscale) and were analyzed by using the Fisher test. The results showed the percentages of parenting, as follows: authoritative parenting 46.87%, authoritarian parenting 34.37%, and permissive parenting 18.76%. Child anxiety levels before dental filling treatment were low-level anxiety 65.62% and moderate-level anxiety 34.38%; high-level anxiety was not found. The Fischer test analyzing the effect of parenting style on anxiety showed a p-value of 0.01. Conclusion: There was a significant effect of parenting style on the child anxiety level before dental filling treatment at RSGM Unsrat.Keywords: parenting styles, anxiety Abstrak: Salah satu sumber masalah pada perilaku yang sering terjadi saat anak menjalani perawatan gigi dan mulut yakni kecemasan. Terdapat banyak faktor yang dapat memengaruhi rasa cemas pada anak, salah satunya ialah gaya pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua kepada anaknya. Pola asuh terdiri dari 3 macam, yaitu otoriter, demokratis, dan permisif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pola asuh orang tua terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien anak sebelum menjalani perawatan penambalan gigi di RSGM Unsrat. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 32 responden diperoleh dengan purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pola asuh orangtua dan kuesioner CFSS-DS (Children Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale) dan dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan pola asuh demokratis sebesar 46,87%, pola asuh otoriter 34,37 %, dan pola asuh permisif 18,76%. Tingkat kecemasan anak sebelum menjalani perawatan penambalan gigi di RSGM Unsrat ialah: tingkat kecemasan rendah 65,62%, tingkat kecemasan sedang 34,38% tidak dijumpai tingkat kecemasan tinggi tidak ada. Analisis data dengan uji Fisher mendapatkan nilai p=0,01. Simpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pola asuh orangtua terhadap tingkat kecemasan anak sebelum menjalani perawatan penambalan gigi di RSGM Unsrat.Kata kunci: pola asuh, tingkat kecemasan

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Effectiveness of virtual reality eyeglasses as a distraction technique in managing anxious paediatric patients undergoing dental treatment- A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry ◽

10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 131-137

Author(s):

Arya Devan ◽

Sundeep Hegde K ◽

Sham S Bhat ◽

Raksha Ballal ◽

Ajay Rao H T

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Pulse Oximeter ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paediatric Patients

To evaluate the effect of virtual reality eyeglasses as a distraction technique in management of anxious paediatric patients undergoing dental treatment.: It is an in-vivo study which was performed on 148 patients with 37 in each four different groups. Children’s dental anxiety was measured using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Pulse oximeter which measures the pulse rate, oxygen saturation. After assessing the anxiety levels of the children, children who are found to be anxious were taken for the study. includes children who have to undergo extraction without virtual reality eyeglasses. includes children who have to undergo extraction with virtual reality eyeglasses. includes children who have to undergo restoration without virtual reality eye glasses. includes children who have to undergo restoration with virtual reality eye glasses. Children’s anxiety was again evaluated using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Pulse oximeter during dental treatment. The results obtained were then compared. The data was collected, tabulated, Descriptive statistics and paired t test was used for statistical analysis. Group A: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate, oxygen saturation (SPO) and modified anxiety scale (p<0.05). Group B: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate and modified anxiety scale (p<0.05), but there were no statistically significant changes in the oxygen saturation (SPO)level (p>0.05). Group C: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate and modified anxiety scale (p<0.05), but there were no statistically significant changes in the oxygen saturation (SPO) level (p>0.05). Group D: There were statistically significant changes in pulse rate and modified anxiety scale (p<0.05), but there were no statistically significant changes in the oxygen saturation (SPO)level (p>0.05)Within the limitations of this study we conclude that virtual reality eyeglasses used in the present study is an effective distraction technique in management of pediatric patients undergoing dental treatment.

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Effects of Using Music Methods, 3D Glasses and Behavioral Control on Children’s Anxiety during Dental Treatment

Journal of Isfahan Dental School ◽

10.18502/ijds.v17i1.5913 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohanna Sadat Hashemi ◽

Shahrzad Javadi Nezhad ◽

Saeedeh Talebianpour

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children’S Anxiety ◽

Basic Behavior ◽

Level Of Significance

Introduction: Dental anxiety in children is a challenge in managing patients. The effect of this anxiety may continue until adolescence and be a reason for avoiding dental treatments. The aim of this study was compare the effectiveness of using music, 3D glasses and behavioral control methods on children’s anxiety during dental treatments. Materials and Method: This Experimental cross sectional study carried out on 96 children aged between 5-8 years without any systemic. The children were divided into three groups; control (basic behavior guidance techniques without distraction), audio (basic techniques plus music) and AV (basic techniques plus 3D AV) distraction groups. The anxiety score was assessed by using MCDASf method, before local anesthesia, after LA and after restoration. Pain rate measured with VAS and the behavior of children during dental treatment measured with Houpt index. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with the 0.05 level of significance. Results: The mean of anxiety in different stages before starting work, after anesthesia and after repair, was significantly different in the 3D glasses group (p value = 0.004), using music (p value = 0.018) and behavioral control (p value = 0.002). The lowest anxiety level in the 3D glasses group and the highest anxiety in the control group was. The best group in reducing the amount of pain after anesthesia and cooperation was the 3D glasses group. Conclusion: Use of 3D glasses in dental treatment can decrease dental anxiety in children. And children cooperation with 3D glasses was better than other methods.

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Evaluation of full cup test and numeric pain rating scale in the assessment of orofacial pain

International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry ◽

10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 292-295

Author(s):

Roland Prethipa P ◽

Jimsha V K ◽

Jonathan Daniel M

Keyword(s):

Pain Assessment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Orofacial Pain ◽

Study Data ◽

Self Report ◽

P Value ◽

Pain Rating ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Numeric Pain Rating Scale ◽

Pain Rating Scale

Pain intensity is a common outcome domain assessed in pain clinical trials. The patient’s self-report is the gold standard and it appears to be embedded in everyday clinical practice. Most often pain assessment is considered to be the cornerstone for ideal treatment.The aim of this study was to assess the dental patients’ level of pain using Full Cup Test (FCT) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and to compare and validate the Full Cup Test in the assessment of orofacial pain with Numeric Pain Rating Scale.A total of sixty patients presenting with various forms of orofacial pain were included in this cross-sectional study. Data collected include the patient demographic details and the diagnosis of each case was made after proper history taking, clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Pain assessment was done for each patient using both numeric pain rating scale and full cup test.All the data were analysed using inferential statistics Mann Whitney test and the analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.The comparison of mean pain scores using full cup test and numeric pain rating scale shows there was significant differences between acute and chronic pain with P- value of 0.023 and 0.005 respectively. FCT had shown 83 percent sensitivity and 94 percent specificity.Patients who presented with either acute or chronic dental conditions experienced moderate to severe level of pain. FCT is useful for both evaluating and discerning changes in pain and it can be used as a tool in pain assessment.

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A cross-sectional, non-interventional study of the correlation between insight and adherence in schizophrenia in Nepal

10.21203/rs.2.14530/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Imogen Henrietta Stokes ◽

Uddhav Lama ◽

Jai Bahadar Khattri

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Living Arrangements ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Self Report ◽

P Value ◽

Interventional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Need For Treatment ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background: There is a significant lack of research in the Nepalese study population on adherence in patients with schizophrenia. This cross-sectional, non-interventional study aims to re-examine the recognised correlation between insight and adherence in this population, whilst exploring the association between patient demographics and adherence to help bring understanding to how familial and environmental factors may impact adherence. Methods: Patients were recruited upon attendance to outpatient’s appointments and admission to the psychiatry department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on patient demographics, including age, ethnicity, religion, employment status, current living arrangements and education level; the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS); and the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) score. Descriptive statistics on the demographics, BIS and DAI-10 were collated using SPSS. An analysis of variance of DAI-10 scores according to participant demographics was performed using a one-way ANOVA analysis. Correlation between the BIS and BIS subscales and the DAI-10 was tested using Pearson’s 2-tailed analysis at 0.01 significance level.Results: 19 participants consented to participate in this study with 100% data obtained. 57.9% unemployed, 63.2% living with parents and 47.4% had only a basic education. 36.8% of participants had poor insight; 84.2% of participants had poor insight into their symptoms; 78.9% of participants had poor insight into their illness and 36.8% had poor insight into their need for treatment. 52.7% of participants were poor adherers. No significant differences in DAI-10 scores were found between demographic groups. A positive correlation was found between the total BIS score and DAI-10 score (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.585; P value = 0.009). Furthermore, the awareness of need for treatment subscale score and the DAI-10 score found a correlation coefficient of 0.609 (P value = 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, this study found prevalent non-adherence to medication and demonstrated that insight correlates with adherence. Although study findings did not suggest that patient demographics were associated with non-adherence, it is important to consider the possibility that these high rates of non-adherence have other contributing factors; overcoming rural health inequality, cultural beliefs regarding psychiatric illness and unaffordability remain the great challenges for the Nepalese population.

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Evaluation of Dental Anxiety and Fear in Patients who Admitted to the Faculty of Dentistry: Which Patients are More Risky in terms of Dental Anxiety.

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v29i6.8 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Burkay YAKAR ◽

Türkkan Öztürk KAYGUSUZ ◽

Edibe PİRİNÇCİ

Keyword(s):

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Health ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Post Hoc ◽

One Way Anova ◽

Anxiety And Fear ◽

Dental Appointments

Background: Dental anxiety and fear make the dental operation and the treatment difficult. Beside that it causes the delays or absence in the dental appointments so it leads to problems for oral and dental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of dental anxiety, the factors affecting dental anxiety and the effects of dental anxiety on oral dental health of the participants.Methodology: We conducted a hospital-based, cross-sectional study among 342 patients attending the outpatient clinic of a tertiary dentistry hospital. Dental anxiety and trait anxiety levels of the participants measured using MDAS and STAI scales. Weconducted the student t-test, One-way Anova and Tukey’s post hoc for the analysis of our data. The Pearson’s correlation analysis has been used for the analysis of two different quantitative data obtain from MDAS and STAI scales.Results: The age average of 342 participant of our research was 34,41±11,78. 59,1% of our participants was women. (n=202) Dental anxiety was existing in the 42,1% of the participants (n=144). 56,4% of the participants have had a hard and painful dental treatment experiences. 15,2% of our participants (n=52) had MDAS 19 point or more.Conclusions: High and statistically significant dental anxiety scores have been detected for the patients who are women, housewives, who had uneasy and painful dental treatment stories who have personel inclinations to the anxiety. Examinations directed to the factors which would increase the dental anxiety, may prevent possible complications and also the risk carried by the patients related to the dental health may be estimated with the help of this kind of examinations.

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Dental Phobia among Pregnant Women: Considerations for Healthcare Professionals

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2020/4156165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Muhammad Nazir ◽

Muhanad Alhareky

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

First Trimester ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Phobia

Objective. To report the prevalence of dental phobia and associated factors among pregnant women. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included pregnant women visiting hospitals in Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam in Saudi Arabia. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess dental anxiety and phobia. The score of MDAS ranges from 5 to 25, and a cutoff value of 19 was used to identify participants with dental phobia. Results. The study analyzed data of 825 participants with mean age of 29.08 ± 5.18 years. The prevalence of dental phobia was 16.1%. About 46.9% of the sample believed that dental treatment should be avoided during pregnancy, and the importance of regular dental checkup was recognized by 16.4% of the participants. Dental phobia was associated with the perception of the health of teeth (P 0.004) and gums (P 0.016). Multiple logistic regression showed that being under the age of 30 years (OR 0.63, P 0.019) and updating knowledge about oral health (OR 0.49, P 0.006) were significantly associated with reduced likelihood of dental phobia. However, having bad dental experience (OR 2.13, P 0.001) and being in first trimester of pregnancy (OR 1.57, P 0.033) were significantly associated with increased odds of dental phobia. Conclusions. A considerable proportion of pregnant women reported dental phobia. The bad dental experience was associated with increased dental phobia. However, reduced likelihood of dental phobia was associated with updating oral health knowledge. Healthcare professionals may consider these factors to reduce dental phobia and improve oral health of pregnant women.

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Association between Smoking and Academic Performance among Under-Graduate Students of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.2.12718/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sana Ullah ◽

Siham Sikander ◽

Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi ◽

Syed Aftab Rahim ◽

Babar Hayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Prevalence of smoking is on the rise and its harmful effects on every organ of body are well known. Smoking is a growing concern due to adverse effects on health, its association with academic performance is not well studied. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of smoking among undergraduate students of age 18-24 years in a public sector university of Islamabad, association between smoking and academic performance and also to assess the reasons of smoking initiation among undergraduate students. Methods The study included 500 undergraduate students. A self-report structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, parent’s smoking, friend’s smoking, time spent on mobile and TV and academic performance for collection of data. Logistic regression was used for association between smoking and academic performance. Results Results of study show that 112/500 (22.4%) students were smokers among them 93/112 (34.6%) were males and 19/112 (8.2%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.50 years (SD: 1.72. Prevalence of smoking was higher in students belonging to rural areas 23.5% to that of urban areas 21.9%. Three major reasons of smoking initiation; 25% students stated peers and friends, 21% stated easy availability while 14% said it was fun and enjoyment they started smoking. High academic performance was found to be inversely proportional to student’s smoking; at p-value 0.000 smokers had 2.5 (1.77, 3.74) odds of lower academic performance, boys having 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) odds of lower academic performance in last semester exams. Conclusion Findings highlighted extensive cigarette smoking among undergraduate students of Islamabad. Smoking is significantly and negatively associated with academic performance.

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The Italian Validation of the Level of Exposure-Dental Experiences Questionnaire

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10031143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristiano Scandurra ◽

Roberta Gasparro ◽

Pasquale Dolce ◽

Vincenzo Bochicchio ◽

Benedetta Muzii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Factor Model ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Italian Sample

The aim of this monocentric cross-sectional study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the Level of Exposure-Dental Experiences Questionnaire (LOE-DEQ) in an Italian sample of 253 dental patients ranging from 18–80 years of age. The LOE-DEQ assesses 16 potential dental distressing experiences and 7 general traumatic life events through 4 subscales: (1) dentists’ behaviour and patients’ emotions (DBPE); (2) distressing dental procedures (DDP); (3) other distressing dental events (ODDE); and (4) general traumatic events (GTE). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original 4-factor model had adequate fit to the data obtained from the Italian sample. Criterion validity was partially confirmed as only DBPE and DDP positively correlated with dental anxiety. Similarly, convergent validity was also partially confirmed as DBPE, DDP, and ODDE correlated with negative beliefs towards the dentist and the dental treatment. Discriminant validity was fully confirmed, as all correlations were below 0.60. Finally, DDP was the factor most associated with high dental anxiety. This study offers evidence of the reliability and validity of the LOE-DEQ in the Italian context, providing Italian researchers and dentists with a tool to assess dental and general distressing experiences in dental patients.

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