Optimization of the micronutrients sufficiency of feeding women and children on exclusively breastfeeding by enriching of the woman diet

A significant part of pregnant and lactating women have a lack of several micronutrients at once (vitamin D, group B, iodine, iron, etc.). The secretion of vitamins A, E, D, C, B1, B2, B6, B12, iodine and selenium into breast milk decreases with their insufficient consumption and insufficient provision of the nursing mother. The content of folates, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus in breast milk is maintained even if they are insufficient in the mother, however, enriching the diet with them during breastfeeding, improving the status of the mother, prevents the depletion of reserves in her body. The iron and zinc content in breast milk is determined by the mothers status during pregnancy. The intake of vitamin-mineral supplements or food products enriched with micronutrients during the pregravid period, during pregnancy and lactation leads to an improvement in the provision of a woman and her child by increasing the content of vitamins, iodine and selenium in breast milk. The use of vitamin-mineral supplements is an effective way not only to eliminate multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the diet and improve the status of a lactating woman, but also to optimize the vitamin composition of breast milk and the provision of an exclusively breastfed baby.

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Vitamin-mineral supplements for correction of multiple micronutrient deficiency

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-192-200 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 192-200

Author(s):

V. M. Kodentsova ◽

D. V. Risnik

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Networks ◽

Micronutrient Deficiency ◽

The Body ◽

Russian Population ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Multiple Micronutrient ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

The Right

Multiple micronutrient deficiency (simultaneous insufficient supply of the organism with several vitamins at once (vitamin D, B group), as well as calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine, and not an isolated deficiency of any one micronutrient is characteristic of a significant part of the Russian population throughout the year, regardless of places of residence. The growing need of the organism at different periods of life (puberty, pregnancy, breastfeeding, aging), various diseases, drug therapy, the period of convalescence, stress, the use of various diets, enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, religious observance, adverse environmental factors further increase the risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) are closely interconnected into complex metabolic networks, which provide maintaining homeostasis and health. Deficiency of each of the essential micronutrients is a risk factor for the development of a particular disease, and simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of not just one, but several diseases at once. Conversely, an adequate or optimal sufficiency of the body with all micronutrients, respectively, creates a “network of conditions ensuring the prevention of the disease”, due to the full implementation of all processes dependent on them in the body. This means that replenishing inadequate food intake of scarce micronutrients is an important way to maintain health and longevity. Given the variety of vitamin-mineral supplements, it is important to choose the right supplement. The maximum effectiveness to maintain the body’s vitamin and mineral status at the optimum level will be ensured by the intake of not individual micronutrients, but vitamin and mineral supplements containing a complete set of vitamins in doses close to the physiological needs of the body and basic minerals (calcium, magnesium, zinc and iodine), the deficit of which is characteristic for the Russian population.

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MICRONUTRIENT METABOLIC NETWORKS AND MULTIPLE MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY: A RATIONALE FOR THE ADVANTAGES OF VITAMIN-MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS

Trace Elements in Medicine (Moscow) ◽

10.19112/2413-6174-2020-21-4-3-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 3-20

Author(s):

V.M. Kodentsova ◽

◽

D.V. Risnik ◽

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Metabolic Networks ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Micronutrient Deficiency ◽

The Body ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Multiple Micronutrient ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Group B

ABSTRACT. The nutrition of adult and children population of Russia is characterized by multiple micronutrient deficiency due to the simultaneous insufficient content of vitamins, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iodine and other mineral elements in the diet. A lack of several micronutrients can occur as a result of the use of various diets, medication, the development of the pathological process, increased needы of organism at various physiological, stressful situations of different etiologies. Micronutrients (vitamins and essential minerals) participate in numerous biochemical pathways, perform certain functions in the body, are closely interconnected in complex metabolic networks to maintain homeostasis and overall health. Like mosaics, individual fragments of this comprehensive network of micronutrients are “assembled”, the centers of which are selenium, iodine, vitamin D, iron, and functionally related vitamins of group B. Simultaneous multiple micronutrient deficiency creates a “causality network” of diseases, while, optimal sufficiency creates a “network of conditions that prevent diseases”. The concept of the correct ratios of essential micronutrients in the diet, as well as the optimal ratios of vitamins in the blood between themselves and indicators of lipid metabolism, is developing and is being confirmed. The physiological requirements for micronutrients (vitamin D, C, potassium, magnesium), which provide not only essentiality, but also optimality to maintain the body's health and reduce the risk of diseases, have being revised upward. Recommended intake of vitamins B1, B2 and niacin are correlated with energy consumption. Given the existence of metabolic networks of micronutrients and the presence of multiple micronutrient deficiency among the population, the superiority of multicomponent vitamin-mineral supplements undoubtedly superior to the effectiveness of individual micronutrients

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Contribution of minerals from fresh kidney bean leaves and grains in meals consumed in East, South and Central Africa

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development ◽

10.18697/ajfand.53.10695 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (53) ◽

pp. 6479-6489

Author(s):

PM Mamiro ◽

◽

M Nyagaya ◽

DP Mamiro ◽

T Jumbe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Africa ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Dietary Minerals ◽

Side Dishes ◽

Bean Leaves

Varieties of legumes are recognized as an important source of protein and dietary minerals by a number of ethnic groups in East, South and Central Africa. Among the legume that is preferred b y most Africans are the bean varieties . Beans are consumed in many forms: the young leaves, green pods, and fresh bean grains are used as vegetables; dry bean grains are used in various food preparations, and both are used as relish or side dishes together with the staple food. Apart from alleviating food insecurity, the bean leaves , green bean pods and fresh bean grains are good sources of micronutrients especially iron and zinc . Thirty eight varieties of beans deemed to be rich in minerals iron and zinc collected from a n umber of locations in East and Central Africa were brought from University of Nairobi and multiplied at Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro. Bean leaves and fresh beans grains were picked for analysis after the plants reached three weeks and two months, respectively. Iron and zinc content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after ashing the samples. Analysis showed that leaves had significantly (P<0.05) more iron than the fresh bean grains. For bean leaves, Maharagi soja had the highest level of iron (1653.9 mg/100g) followed by Nain De Kiondo (1061.1 mg/100g). Similarly, Maharagi soja had the highest level of zinc (40.8 mg/100g), followed by Kiangara (40.5 mg/100g). Variety HRS 545 fresh bean grains , had the highest level of iron(1114.0 mg/100g) followed by Ituri Matata (983.4 g/100g) while highest zinc content was found in HRS 545 (41.1 mg/100g) followed by RWR 10 (41.1 mg/100g). These levels of minerals are significantly higher than the average amount found in dry bean grains (Fe 5.6 – 8.0 mg/100g) and (Zn 1.7 - 2.0 mg/100g). Creating more awareness and encouraging the utilization of bean leaves and fresh bean grains will contribute in alleviating micronutrient deficiencies especially among the vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant and lactating women, and resource-poor families.

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Breeding Progress for Vitamin A, Iron and Zinc Biofortification, Drought Tolerance, and Sweetpotato Virus Disease Resistance in Sweetpotato

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems ◽

10.3389/fsufs.2021.616674 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Robert O. M. Mwanga ◽

Jolien Swanckaert ◽

Guilherme da Silva Pereira ◽

Maria I. Andrade ◽

Godwill Makunde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Virus Disease ◽

Zinc Content ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Breeding Scheme ◽

African Countries ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Iron And Zinc

Sweetpotato is a resilient food crop with great potential to contribute to reduced hunger in the world. Sweetpotato shows significant potential to contribute to reducing the Global Hunger Index, which reflects deficiencies in calories and micronutrients based on the components of hunger, undernourishment, under-five mortality rate, stunting and wasting. Its genetic diversity has been harnessed through breeding to increase vitamin A, iron, and zinc content, virus resistance and climate resilience for the world's food needs. Africa and India are the most food-insecure regions. The main objectives of this research were to: provide information and a knowledge base on sweetpotato breeding in Africa for biofortification of vitamin A, iron, and zinc, drought tolerance and virus resistance; recommend procedures for generating new breeding populations and varieties; and develop new tools, technologies and methods for sweetpotato improvement. The research was implemented between 2009 and 2020 in 14 collaborating African countries using introduced and local genotypes. The redesigned accelerated breeding scheme resulted in increased genetic gains for vitamin A, iron, zinc contents and virus resistance, and the release by sub-Saharan African countries of 158 varieties; 98 of them orange-fleshed; 55 varieties bred by an accelerated breeding scheme; 27 drought-tolerant and two with enhanced iron and zinc content. Our experience has demonstrated that through the use of more optimized, standardized and collaborative breeding procedures by breeding programs across Africa, it is possible to speed official sweetpotato variety release and contribute to reducing the severe micronutrient deficiencies on the continent.

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Iron and Zinc Bioaccessibility from Sprouted, Malted and Fermented Grains as Influenced by Disodium EDTA

The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.21048/ijnd.2016.53.2.4295 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

H. E. Shweatha ◽

Kalpana Platel

Keyword(s):

Zinc Content ◽

Fermented Foods ◽

Processed Foods ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Household Level ◽

Molar Ratios ◽

Food Grains ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Vegetarian Diets ◽

Fermented Grains

In view of the widespread prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, there is a need to evolve food-based strategies to enhance their bioavailability from predominantly vegetarian diets. Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA), a known metal chelator, has been previously found to enhance the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from fortified millet flours. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of EDTA on the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from germinated, fermented and malted food grains. EDTA was added to the processed foods at molar ratios of 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2, relative to inherent iron and zinc content. EDTA significantly enhanced the bioaccessibility of iron from all the processed foods examined, this beneficial effect being highly significant in the germinated and malted grains and significantly higher than the effect of the processing method per se. In the fermented foods, the effect of EDTA was to a lesser extent, except in the case of dhokla, where it was significant. EDTA significantly increased the bioaccessibility of zinc from malted grains, but this increase was only marginal in germinated and fermented grains. Germinated and fermented foods are a common part of Indian diets and are widely consumed, while malted grains find use in the preparation of weaning and geriatric foods. The results of this investigation have shown that EDTA could be used as an enhancer of bioaccessibility of iron and zinc from such traditionally processed foods. This strategy could also be adopted at the household level to improve mineral bioavailability from foods.

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Urgensi Ilmu Kedokteran Islam dengan Hukum Islam (Studi Identifikasi Deoxrybo Nucleic Acid (DNA) terhadap Sepersusuan)

Al-Manahij Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam ◽

10.24090/mnh.v12i1.1323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 133-146

Author(s):

Li’izza Diana Manzil

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Legal Status ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Medical Science ◽

Dna Identification ◽

Islamic Medicine ◽

Parents And Children ◽

The Status ◽

Brothers And Sisters

One sign of the rapidly growing world of medical science is its success in making one discovery about Deoxrybo Nucleid Acid (DNA). Islam does not prohibit the practice of DNA identification because it can be used in determining the legal status of relative relationships and related marital prohibitions among families because of the similarity of DNA genes between parents and their children. In Islam marriage prohibition can also occur between brothers and sisters. DNA identification can be done between siblings as a result of the presence of gene elements in breast milk. In addition, breast milk can also develop bone and grow meat if breastfeeding at least five times suction. But the results of DNA tests conducted between siblings cannot be more accurate if done to find relationships of parents and children. From this it clearly proves that Islamic medicine has an urgent value to Islamic law. This can be seen from one of its axiology in determining the status of brotherhood.

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Bacterial Diversity of Breast Milk in Healthy Spanish Women: Evolution from Birth to Five Years Postpartum

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072414 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2414

Author(s):

Laura Sanjulián ◽

Alexandre Lamas ◽

Rocío Barreiro ◽

Alberto Cepeda ◽

Cristina A. Fente ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Human Milk ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Maternal Body Mass Index ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Spanish Women ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Abundant Genus

The objective of this work was to characterize the microbiota of breast milk in healthy Spanish mothers and to investigate the effects of lactation time on its diversity. A total of ninety-nine human milk samples were collected from healthy Spanish women and were assessed by means of next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and by qPCR. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Accordingly, Streptococcus was the most abundant genus. Lactation time showed a strong influence in milk microbiota, positively correlating with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while Firmicutes was relatively constant over lactation. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that the highest alpha-diversity was found in samples of prolonged lactation, along with wider differences between individuals. As for milk nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and selenium levels were potentially associated with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus abundance. Additionally, Proteobacteria was positively correlated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in breast milk, and Staphylococcus with conjugated linoleic acid. Conversely, Streptococcus and trans-palmitoleic acid showed a negative association. Other factors such as maternal body mass index or diet also showed an influence on the structure of these microbial communities. Overall, human milk in Spanish mothers appeared to be a complex niche shaped by host factors and by its own nutrients, increasing in diversity over time.

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Eplerenone levels in maternal serum, cord blood, and breast milk during pregnancy and lactation

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1038/s41440-021-00621-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jumpei Saito ◽

Asako Mito ◽

Naho Yakuwa ◽

Kayoko Kaneko ◽

Hiroyo Kawasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation

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The role of iron and zinc in cognitive development of children

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33561 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 145-151

Author(s):

Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽

Ruhina Binta A Ghani

Keyword(s):

Health Care Services ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Well Being ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽

Dietary Practices ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Care Services ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Frequent Consumption

The effects of iron and zinc on cognitive, motor and behavioral development are on children is scientifically accepted and concentrates on the more recent work, some previous work and areas of controversy. There are well established associations with poor development and iron and zinc deficiency in food source but the deficiencies usually occur in disadvantaged circumstances and establishing causal relationships is not easy. The health and well being of children depend upon the interaction between their genetic potential and exogenous factors like adequacy of nutrition, safety of the environment, social interaction and other childhood activity. Both proteins-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies increase the risk of death from common diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, pneumonia and measles. Iron deficiency anemia, for example, is estimated to affect almost 25% of the worlds population resulting in high economic cost by adding to the burden on health care services, affecting learning in school. Dietary practices frequently seen in children from both developed and developing countries, leading to frequent consumption of nutrient poor foods, may also put them at risk of micronutrient deficiencies.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 145-151

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