The new angiotensin II receptor blocker Edarbi® as part of the pathogenetic treatment of arterial hypertension in patients with metabolic disorders

Relevance. Recently, the proportion of angiotensin receptor blockers has significantly increased among prescribed antihypertensive drugs. High organoprotective properties, additional metabolic effects and tolerability comparable to placebo make them the drugs of choice, especially in patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension having low adherence to antihypertensive therapy, but already burdened by additional metabolic risk factors. Purpose of the study - study of the antihypertensive efficacy of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil (Edarbi®), its effect on cardiometabolic risk factors and damage of target organs in patients with stage 2 hypertension. Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients (mean age 47.32±8.4 years), 19 men and 13 women with stage 2 hypertension. All patients were evaluated for clinical blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, glucose level in a carbohydrate tolerance test, 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, central aortic systolic pressure, сarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and intima-media thickness was determined initially and after 6 months of therapy. Results. During taking Edarbi® 82% of patients with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension and metabolic syndrome reached the target level of BP, which was accompanied by a significant improvement in diastolic function of the left ventricle in 56% of patients. Already in the first 6 months the treatment reduced arterial stiffness and improved metabolic control

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Aerobic Capacity, Obesity, and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Male Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.75.5.813 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 813-818

Author(s):

Raymond R. Fripp ◽

James L. Hodgson ◽

Peter O. Kwiterovich ◽

John C. Werner ◽

H. Gregg Schuler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Triglyceride ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

Correlations between aerobic capacity, obesity, and atherosclerotic risk factors were evaluated in adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of physical fitness. Subjects with higher levels of fitness had a more favorable risk profile with decreased body mass index, lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma triglyceride levels, and higher plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Simple linear regression analysis revealed an association between body mass index and blood pressure, plasma triglyceride and plasma highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol. The level of aerobic fitness as determined by exercise duration was also associated with the same atherosclerotic risk factors. However, multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index provided the largest explanation, by those variables examined, of the interindividual variance in blood pressure, plasma triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Aerobic fitness contributed only minimally to the variation in these risk factors. These findings suggest that if aerobic conditioning is used to modify atherosclerotic risk factors, it should be accompanied by a reduction in weight in adolescents with low-to-moderate levels of physical fitness.

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Wuqinxi Qigong as an Alternative Exercise for Improving Risk Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16081396 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1396 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Liye Zou ◽

Yangjie Zhang ◽

Jeffer Eidi Sasaki ◽

Albert S. Yeung ◽

Lin Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background: The improvement of living standards has led to increases in the prevalence of hypokinetic diseases. In particular, multifactorial complex diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, are becoming more prevalent. Currently, developing effective methods to combat or prevent metabolic syndrome is of critical public health importance. Thus, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the existing literature regarding the effects of Wuqinxi exercise on reducing risk factors related to metabolic syndrome. Methods: Both English- and Chinese-language databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of Wuqinxi on these outcomes. Meanwhile, we extracted usable data for computing pooled effect size estimates, along with the random-effects model. Results: The synthesized results showed positive effects of Wuqinxi exercise on systolic blood pressure (SBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.85, p < 0.001, I2 = 24.06%), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.00, p < 0.001, I2 = 61.28%), total plasma cholesterol (TC, SMD = 0.88, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.36, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.71%), triglyceride (TG, SMD = 0.87, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.24, p < 0.001, I2 = 67.22%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, SMD = 1.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 78.27%), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL, SMD = 0.95, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.46, p < 0.001, I2 = 82.27%). In addition, regression results showed that longer-duration Wuqinxi intervention significantly improved DBP (β = 0.00016, Q = 5.72, df = 1, p = 0.02), TC (β = −0.00010, Q = 9.03, df = 1, p = 0.01), TG (β = 0.00012, Q = 6.23, df = 1, p = 0.01), and LDL (β = 0.00011, Q = 5.52, df = 1, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Wuqinxi may be an effective intervention to alleviate the cardiovascular disease risk factors of metabolic syndrome.

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Age at period cessation and trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life

Heart ◽

10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315754 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 106 (7) ◽

pp. 499-505 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Linda Marie O'Keeffe ◽

Diana Kuh ◽

Abigail Fraser ◽

Laura D Howe ◽

Debbie Lawlor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Later Life ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from midlife to age 69 years.MethodsWe used data from the UK Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development to examine the association between age at period cessation and trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) from 36 to 69 years and trajectories of triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HbA1c from 53 to 69 years.ResultsWe found no evidence that age at period cessation was associated with trajectories of log triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C from 53 to 69 years and trajectories of SBP or DBP from 36 to 69 years, regardless of whether period cessation occurred naturally or due to hysterectomy. While we found some evidence of associations of age at period cessation with log BMI, log WC and log HbA1c, patterns were not consistent and differences were small at age 69 years, with confidence intervals that spanned the null value.ConclusionHow and when women experience period cessation is unlikely to adversely affect conventional cardiovascular risk factors across mid and later life. Women and clinicians concerned about the impact of type and timing of period cessation on conventional cardiovascular intermediates from midlife should be reassured that the impact over the long term is small.

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Cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with immune cell mitochondrial respiration in humans

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00434.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 (2) ◽

pp. H481-H487

Author(s):

Theodore M. DeConne ◽

Eric R. Muñoz ◽

Faria Sanjana ◽

Joshua C. Hobson ◽

Christopher R. Martens

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Mitochondrial Respiration ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were found to be negatively associated with several parameters of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults. These data suggest that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure may induce metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk and impaired immune health.

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Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Metabolic Syndrome and their Association with Metabolic Risk Factors among Healthy Individuals in New Belgrade

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis ◽

10.2478/v10283-012-0032-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Veroslava Stanković ◽

Svetlana Stojanović ◽

Nađa Vasiljević

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Health Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Anthropometric Indices

Summary People with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) are about twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and over four times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumferences (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are useful screening tools for making the diagnosis. MetSy has increased the health risk in primary care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric indices for MetSy and determine which of simple anthropometric measurements is most closely associated with metabolic risk factors. The research included 264 individuals, of which 132 men with mean age (±SD) of 44.73 ±9.37 years and 132 women with mean age (±SD) of 46.67±8.44 years. Antropometric indicators were measured using standard protocols, without shoes and outerwear. BMI was calculated as weight/height2(kg/m2) ratio, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Blood pressure measurements were obtained with the subject in a seated position by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were obtained after a minimum of 12-h fast; the metabolic parameters (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose) were analyzed by standard procedures. Analysis of the examinees’ medical records was also performed. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The analysis of the research results were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 10.0 (SPSS 10.0 for Windows). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 44.7% in men and 43.2% in women. Normal-weight subjects of both sexes were significantly younger and had significantly lower blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides than overweight and obese subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly increased in parallel with increasing of BMI. For the whole sample, both anthropometric indices had significant associations with the other five components of MetSy. Waist circumference is a simple measure of adiposity most strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. The results obtained in this study indicate that WC is a good indicator of health risk in women but not in men. Measurement of WC by BMI categories may indicate a person with an increased risk of development of chronic diseases.

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Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers

Asian Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.5812/asjsm.106589 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Brandon Stuwart Shaw ◽

Stacey Turner ◽

Ina Shaw

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscular Endurance ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exemplifies a major medical problem as it is the most considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. While sport conditioning specialists understand and differentiate the different benefits of resistance training (RT) subtypes on athletic performance, this distinction is less clear for health professionals when designing CVD risk reduction programs. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate and compare the effects of hypertrophy and muscular endurance RT on CVD risk in sedentary males. Methods: Sedentary male smokers were randomly assigned to either an eight-week hypertrophy RT group (HTG) (n = 15), muscular endurance RT groups (METG) (n = 15), or a non-exercising control group (CON) (n = 15) to assess their impact on smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) variables associated with the four most prominent CVD risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using a paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were found in three of the 15 measured variables in the HTG (resting mean arterial pressure (RMAP) (P = 0.024); total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio (P = 0.009), and HDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P = 0.038), with a deleterious decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.027). In turn, significant improvements were found in the METG in 10 of the 15 measured variables, namely; cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.037), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (P = 0.002), resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (P = 0.006), RMAP (P = 0.000), TC (P = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.010), LDL-C (P = 0.007), HDL-C: LDL-C (P = 0.018), non-HDL-C (n-HDL-C) (P = 0.010), and VO2max (P = 0.001), and a deleterious decrease in HDL-C (P = 0.026). Conclusions: While the oversimplification of RT design for CVD reduction has resulted in cardio-centric CVD training programs, this study demonstrates that some subtypes of RT (i.e. muscular endurance training) may prove more useful than others in reducing multiple CVD risk factors simultaneously.

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Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in a rural black population of South Africa

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/01.hjr.0000174792.24188.8e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 347-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Marianne Alberts ◽

Petter Urdal ◽

Krisela Steyn ◽

Inger Stensvold ◽

Aage Tverdal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

South Africa ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Black Population ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in a rural adult black population from Limpopo Province in South Africa. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods A sample of 1608 women and 498 men aged 30 years and above participated in the study. Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measures (body mass index, waist/hip ratio), blood pressure and biochemical risk factors were measured. A global cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile was developed. Results There was a high prevalence of tobacco use for men (57%) and women (35.4%), with women (28.1%) predominantly using smokeless tobacco. Alcohol use was very common in men (57.2%). Women weighed a great deal more than men, and 51.7% were either overweight or obese. Diabetes was diagnosed in 8.8 and 8.5% of women and men, respectively. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was relatively high, whereas 42.3% of women and 28.5% of men had low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of 3 mmol/l or more. Hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg) was found in 25.5% of women and 21.6% of men. According to the Framingham formulae, 18.9% of women and 32.1% of men had a 20% or higher chance of having a CVD event in the next 10 years. Conclusions There was a high prevalence of chronic disease risk factors in the rural, poor black community in Limpopo, South Africa. Consequently, the population had a higher than expected risk of developing a CVD event in the following 10 years when compared with similar studies in black Africans.

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The Impact of Physical Activity on Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Blood Pressure in Preadolescent Girls

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.98.3.389 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 389-395

Author(s):

Suzanne B. Craig ◽

Linda G. Bandini ◽

Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽

Ernst J. Schaefer ◽

William H. Dietz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Fat ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Apo B

Objective. Inconsistent findings reported for the effect of physical activity on lipids, lipoproteins, and blood pressure in children may be due to errors inherent in the methods used to measure physical activity, lack of control for other cardiovascular risk factors, or both. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between physical activity assessed using direct measures of energy expenditure and cardiovascular risk factors, controlling for dietary intake and percent body fat. Methods. Nonresting energy expenditure was determined in 49 8- to 11-year-old girls from measurements of daily energy expenditure (using doubly-labeled water, 2H218O) and resting metabolic rate (using indirect calorimetry). Self-reported recall of the hours of participation in physical activities of at least moderate intensity (energy expenditure at least four times the resting metabolic rate, METS ≥4) during the previous year was also obtained. Percent body fat was estimated from the measurement of total body water with H218O. Concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (apo B), apo A-I, lipoprotein (a), insulin, and estradiol, as well as the waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and dietary intake from 7-day food records were measured Data were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results. Self-reported hours of participation in activities with METS (metabolic equivalents) of 4 or greater significantly predicted LDL-C and apo B concentrations, even after adjustment for percent body fat and percentage of dietary energy from saturated fat. Nonresting energy expenditure adjusted for weight, a measure of the energy spent on physical activity, did not predict LDL-C or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Body mass index and insulin concentration predicted systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the intensity of physical activity may be a more important determinant of LDL-C in children than the energy spent on physical activity.

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Changes in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Monozygotic Twins: The Healthy Twin Study

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1017/thg.2014.90 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 151-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yun-Mi Song ◽

Kayoung Lee ◽

Joohon Sung

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Environmental Correlations

We aimed to assess the non-genetic contribution to the associations between the change in weight and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This analysis included 194 Korean monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (116 men, 272 women; mean age, 38.5 ± 6.8 years) who were first examined for weight and CVD risk factors (blood pressure (BP), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)) between December 2005 and December 2008, and returned for a repeat examination after 2.7 ± 0.9 years. The within-pair correlations were 0.21 for the change in weight and 0.05-0.42 for the changes in CVD risk factors. Bivariate analyses showed significant environmental correlations shared between the change in weight and the changes in CVD risk factors (p < .05), except for glucose, while there were no significant genetic effects shared between the phenotypes. After adjusting for baseline values of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, and LDL significantly increased by 1.6 mmHg, 0.09 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, per 1 kg increase in within-pair differences in weight change. In Korean MZ twins, similarity between twins for changes in weight and CVD risk factors were small to moderate, and non-genetic factors were responsible for the associations between the change in weight and changes in DBP, TG, TC, and LDL.

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Associations between vascular risk factors and subsequent Alzheimer’s disease in older adults

Alzheimer s Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13195-020-00690-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyewon Lee ◽

Kiwon Kim ◽

Yeong Chan Lee ◽

Soyeon Kim ◽

Hong-Hee Won ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Clinical Guidelines ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Vascular Risk

Abstract Background The clinical guidelines related to the primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have focused on the management of vascular risk factors. However, the link between vascular risk factors and AD in older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between vascular risk factors and subsequent AD in 178,586 older adults (age ≥ 65 years). Methods Participants were recruited from 2009 through 2010 and followed up for 6 years. We assessed various vascular risk factors (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG], fasting glucose [FG], systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse pressure [PP], and body mass index [BMI]) and their association with AD incidence, categorizing each vascular factor using current clinical guidelines. Results AD was observed in 6.0% of participants at follow-up. All lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) were positively associated with the risk of AD. SBP and PP were in negative associations with AD, and DBP was positively associated with AD. BMI exhibited a negative association with AD incidence. We found no significant association between FG and AD risk. The sex difference was observed to have effects on vascular risk factors. Conclusions In this study, we comprehensively investigated the association between eight vascular risk factors and the risk of incident AD. Our findings suggest that multiple vascular risk factors are related to the development of AD in older adults. These results can help inform future guidelines for reducing AD risk.

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