The role of probiotics in inhibition mechanism of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a hospital-acquired pathogen with high prevalence across the globe. It raises a serious health concern due to its resistance to antibiotic agents, in particular, β-lactam, carbapenem, and penem. This pathogen causes various medical conditions, namely endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and food poisoning. Strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. inhibit pathogenic bacteria through competition for nutrients and adhesion sites, production of antimicrobial substances, and enhancement of immune system. The present hypothesis describes that these probiotics prevent the growth of MRSA by producing inhibitory agents like bacteriocin, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and the intestinal pH reduction. Given an increasing resistance to antibiotics and its adverse effects, the use of other alternatives seems necessary. These beneficial bacteria and their metabolites which are available in the market as tablets, capsules, and powders can widely establish control over the growth of MRSA.

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Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains of Potential Use as Feed Additives - The Basic Safety and Usefulness Criterion

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.687071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ilona Stefańska ◽

Ewelina Kwiecień ◽

Katarzyna Jóźwiak-Piasecka ◽

Monika Garbowska ◽

Marian Binek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Health Concern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Safety Criterion ◽

Phenotypic Resistance

The spread of resistance to antibiotics is a major health concern worldwide due to the increasing rate of isolation of multidrug resistant pathogens hampering the treatment of infections. The food chain has been recognized as one of the key routes of antibiotic resistant bacteria transmission between animals and humans. Considering that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) could act as a reservoir of transferable antibiotic resistance genes, LAB strains intended to be used as feed additives should be monitored for their safety. Sixty-five LAB strains which might be potentially used as probiotic feed additives or silage inoculants, were assessed for susceptibility to eight clinically relevant antimicrobials by a minimum inhibitory concentration determination. Among antimicrobial resistant strains, a prevalence of selected genes associated with the acquired resistance was investigated. Nineteen LAB strains displayed phenotypic resistance to one antibiotic, and 15 strains were resistant to more than one of the tested antibiotics. The resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were the most prevalent and were found in 37 and 26% of the studied strains, respectively. Phenotypic resistance to other antimicrobials was found in single strains. Determinants related to resistance phenotypes were detected in 15 strains as follows, the aph(3″)-IIIa gene in 9 strains, the lnu(A) gene in three strains, the str(A)-str(B), erm(B), msr(C), and tet(M) genes in two strains and the tet(K) gene in one strain. The nucleotide sequences of the detected genes revealed homology to the sequences of the transmissible resistance genes found in lactic acid bacteria as well as pathogenic bacteria. Our study highlights that LAB may be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance determinants, thus, the first and key step in considering the usefulness of LAB strains as feed additives should be an assessment of their antibiotic resistance. This safety criterion should always precede more complex studies, such as an assessment of adaptability of a strain or its beneficial effect on a host. These results would help in the selection of the best LAB strains for use as feed additives. Importantly, presented data can be useful for revising the current microbiological cut-off values within the genus Lactobacillus and Pediococcus.

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Potent antimicrobial target in Staphylococcus aureus by bioinformatics analysis

10.21203/rs.2.10601/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mina Mahmoudi ◽

Maryam Mohamadian ◽

abbas maleki ◽

nourkhoda Sadeghifard ◽

sobhan ghafourian

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Antimicrobial Therapy ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bioinformatics Analysis ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Colonization Ability

Abstract Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus could be considerable pathogenic bacterium because it can be changed from a microbiome to a lethal pathogen. Another remarkable ability of this bacterium is its colonization ability, which has been cloned in one-third of the world's population. Also, one of the most important issue in S. aureus is its severe resistance to antibiotics, which can lead to failure in antimicrobial therapy in many diseases such as abscesses, sinusitis, food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, atopic dermatitis as well as it is one of the five major causes of nosocomial infections, especially post- surgical ulcers. therefore, find a novel antimicrobial target for S. aureus is crucial. Some studies demonstrated that toxin antitoxin systems can be the regulon for controlling the pathogenic bacteria. To identify the reliable antimicrobial targets, bioinformatics analysis before any experimental study could be helpful. Results: we evaluate the potent TA loci of 36 S. aureus strains by bioinformatics analysis. As regards, this analysis was performed with Rasta data base, toxin antitoxin systems distributions were seen in all scores and the htx-xre has the preponderance total frequency, which we hope will be beneficial for further researches.

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Probiotic Bifunctionality of Bacillus subtilis—Rescuing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Desiccation and Antagonizing Pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7100407 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 407 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hadar Kimelman ◽

Moshe Shemesh

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Bacterium ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Beneficial Effects

Live probiotic bacteria obtained with food are thought to have beneficial effects on a mammalian host, including their ability to reduce intestinal colonization by pathogens. To ensure the beneficial effects, the probiotic cells must survive processing and storage of food, its passage through the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and subsequent chemical ingestion processes until they reach their target organ. However, there is considerable loss of viability of the probiotic bacteria during the drying process, in the acidic conditions of the stomach, and in the high bile concentration in the small intestine. Bacillus subtilis, a spore-forming probiotic bacterium, can effectively maintain a favorable balance of microflora in the GIT. B. subtilis produces a protective extracellular matrix (ECM), which is shared with other probiotic bacteria; thus, it was suggested that this ECM could potentially protect an entire community of probiotic cells against unfavorable environmental conditions. Consequently, a biofilm-based bio-coating system was developed that would enable a mutual growth of B. subtilis with different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through increasing the ECM production. Results of the study demonstrate a significant increase in the survivability of the bio-coated LAB cells during the desiccation process and passage through the acidic environment. Thus, it provides evidence about the ability of B. subtilis in rescuing the desiccation-sensitive LAB, for instance, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, from complete eradication. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the antagonistic potential of the mutual probiotic system against pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. The data show that the cells of B. subtilis possess robust anti-biofilm activity against S. aureus through activating the antimicrobial lipopeptide production pathway.

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SIFAT ANTAGONISTIK Lactobacillus sp B441 DAN II442 ASAL TEMPOYAK TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus (Antagonism of Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 from Tempoyak against Staphylococcus aureus)

Jurnal Agritech ◽

10.22146/agritech.9438 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (04) ◽

pp. 430 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tri Wardani Widowati ◽

Basuni Hamzah ◽

Agus Wijaya ◽

Rindit Pambayun

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Initial Population ◽

Test Kit ◽

Mucous Membranes

Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 were species of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tempoyak, a kind of food fermented made from durian flesh. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that has natural habitat on the surface of human body such as on the skin and in mucous membranes like the nose. Contamination of Staphylococcus aureuswas a risk factor in tempoyak fermentation, especially, during taking the durian flesh from seeds. The aim of this research was to observe antagonistic property of Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 isolated from tempoyak during low temperature fermentation against Staphylococcus aureus. Phenotypic identification using API 50 CHL test kit indicatedthat isolates were Lactobacullus plantarum B441 and Lactobacillus plantarum II442. Based on co-culture analysis show that isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum B441 and II442 have bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as a indicator of pathogenic bacteria. At 25 th hours, population of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in mix-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum B441 and Lactobacillus plantarum II442 decreased 3 – 4 log cycle from initial population. However, population of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in mono-culture increased 2 log cycles at 25 th hours. Keywords: Lactobacillus sp, tempoyak, antagonism, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAKLactobacillus sp B441 dan II442 merupakan spesies bakteri asam laktat yang diisolasi dari tempoyak yaitu makanan fermentasi dari daging buah durian. Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogenik yang habitat alaminya pada permukaan kulit manusia dan membran mukosa seperti hidung. Proses fermentasi tempoyak khususnya saat pemisahandaging buah durian dari bijinya beresiko terkontaminasi oleh Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji sifat antagonistik dari Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 yang diisolasi dari tempoyak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Identifikasi secara fenotif menggunakan API 50 CHL test kit menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri asam laktat tersebut adalah Lactobacullus plantarum B441 dan Lactobacillus plantarum II442. Berdasar uji co-culture diketahuibahwa kedua spesies tersebut mempunyai efek bakterisidal terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Pada jam ke 25 Staphylococcus aureus yang ditumbuhkan secara mix-culture dengan Lactobacillus plantarum B441 dan Lactobacillus plantarum II442 asal tempoyak turun 3 – 4 log cycle dari populasi awal. Sedangkan populasiStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 secara mono-culture meningkat sekitar 2 log cycle pada jam ke 25.Kata kunci: Lactobacillus sp, tempoyak, antaginistik, Staphylococcus aureus

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POTENSI BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DALAM MENGHASILKAN BAKTERIOSIN SEBAGAI ANTIMIKROBA DAN PENGUKURAN BERAT MOLEKULNYA DENGAN SDS-PAGE DARI ISOLAT FERMENTASI KAKAO

Jurnal Riset Kimia ◽

10.25077/jrk.v1i2.149 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Urnemi ◽

Sumaryati Syukur ◽

Endang Purwati ◽

Sanusi Ibrahim ◽

Jamsari

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Sds Page ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from of cocoa beans fermentation Forestero variety from West Sumatera, that were eleven isolates. The isolates were tested to antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria E.coli NBRC 14237, Staphylococcus aureus NBRC 13276, Bacillus subtilis BTCCB 612, listeria m. dan S. Typhii. Results the research showed that, isolates had inhibition zone to pathogenic bacteria, that were 7 mm till 12 mm at 48 hours observation. R2.4 isolate was most potential to inhibition zones growth pathogenic bacteria, that was 11mm till 12 mm to five pathogens. R2.4 isolates was the highest to against pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis BTCCB, Listeria monocytogenesis and Staphylococcus aureus NBRC) had inhibition zones, that was 12.00 mm till 48 hours. Listeria monocytogenesis had been known as pest bacterium of food born, so that R2.4 isolate can be used as food biopreservative. Crude of R2.4 isolate molecular weight was 10 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Key words: Lactic acid bacteria, Antimicrobial activity, SDS-PAGE, Cocoa fermentation and food biopreservative

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Antagonistic action of Lactobacillus spp. against Staphylococcus aureus in cheese from Mompox - Colombia

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50991 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 7721-7727

Author(s):

Piedad M. Montero Castillo ◽

Antonio Díaz Caballero ◽

Marlene Durán Lengua

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Food Preservation ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antagonistic Action ◽

As Species ◽

Chemical Products

In the food industry, food preservation techniques that do not use chemical products are becoming more common. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the antagonistic activity (antibiosis) of lactic-acid bacterial strains against pathogenic microorganisms. Lactic-acid bacterial strains were isolated from layered cheese and a commercial product (yogurt); and the same was done with pathogenic bacteria solely from layered cheese. The lactic-acid bacterial strains were identified as species from the Lactobacilli family, while the pathogenic bacteria from layered cheese were identified as Micrococcaceae family species (Staphylococcus aureus). Subsequently, in the same culture medium, bacteria of each species were sowed in order to determine the inhibitory activity ability of the Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL) As a result, the highly antagonistic activity of the Lactobacilli (inhibition halos were larger than 0.5 centimeters in diameter) against isolated pathogenic microorganisms was demonstrated.

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Prevalence of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Hamburger Samples in Tehran and their Antibiotic Susceptibility

The Journal of Tolooebehdasht ◽

10.18502/tbj.v18i4.1855 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Negin Momtaz Bokharaei ◽

Zahra Rajabi ◽

MohammadMehdi Soltan Dallal

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Health Concern ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Public Health Concern ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Food Borne

Introduction:Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common food-borne diseases. The antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported globally. Today, strains of Staphylococcus aureus in food have become a problem in clinical infections and are considerde as a serious public health concern. Methods: A total of 100 samples were tested in the laboratory; including 75 handmade and 25 industrial hamburger samples. The Staphylococcus aureus samples were isolated and identified according to the National Iranian Standard No. 6806-3. Antibiotic resistance was determined by disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was performed. In this study, the antibiotics penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and oxacillin were used. Results: Of 100 analyzed hamburger samples, 39 samples were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (23 industrial and 16 handmade samples). All isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (100%) were susceptible to gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics. Conclusions: Due to the importance of Staphylococcus aureus, as the supergene antigen and its role in causing food poisoning, contamination of foodstuffs with Staphylococcus aureus can threaten the consumers' health.

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Contribution of Lactococcus lactis Reducing Properties to the Downregulation of a Major Virulence Regulator in Staphylococcus aureus, theagrSystem

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02287-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (22) ◽

pp. 7028-7035 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sébastien Nouaille ◽

Lucie Rault ◽

Sophie Jeanson ◽

Pascal Loubière ◽

Yves Le Loir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Accessory Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Accessory Gene Regulator ◽

Virulence Regulator ◽

Reducing Properties

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis a major cause of food poisoning outbreaks associated with dairy products, because of the ingestion of preformed enterotoxins. The biocontrol ofS. aureususing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offers a promising opportunity to fight this pathogen while respecting the product ecosystem. We had previously established the ability ofLactococcus lactis, a lactic acid bacterium widely used in the dairy industry, to downregulate a major staphylococcal virulence regulator, the accessory gene regulator (agr) system, and, as a consequence,agr-controlled enterotoxins. In the present paper, we have shown that the oxygen-independent reducing properties ofL. lactiscontribute toagrdownregulation. Neutralizing lactococcal reduction by adding potassium ferricyanide or maintaining the oxygen pressure constant at 50% releasedagrdownregulation in the presence ofL. lactis. This downregulation still occurred in anS. aureus srrAmutant, indicating that the staphylococcal respiratory response regulator SrrAB was not the only component in the signaling pathway. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates the ability ofL. lactisreducing properties to interfere with the expression ofS. aureusvirulence, thus highlighting this general property of LAB as a lever to control the virulence expression of this major pathogen in a food context and beyond.

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Comparative Molecular Analysis of Community- or Hospital-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.47.1.196-203.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 196-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 202

Author(s):

P. D. Fey ◽

B. Saïd-Salim ◽

M. E. Rupp ◽

S. H. Hinrichs ◽

D. J. Boxrud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Health Concern ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Type Iv ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽

Mrsa Strains ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a growing public health concern that has been associated with pediatric fatalities. It is hypothesized that the evolution of CA-MRSA is a recent event due to the acquisition of mec DNA by previously methicillin-susceptible strains that circulated in the community. This study investigated the genetic relatedness between CA-MRSA, hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA), and nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (nmTSS) isolates. Thirty-one of 32 CA-MRSA isolates were highly related as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and spa typing yet were distinguishable from 32 HA-MRSA strains. The 31 related CA-MRSA isolates produced either staphylococcal enterotoxin B (n = 5) or C (n = 26), and none made TSS toxin 1. All CA-MRSA isolates tested contained a type IV staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element. In comparison, none of the HA-MRSA isolates (n = 32) expressed the three superantigens. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were different between the CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA isolates; CA-MRSA was typically resistant only to β-lactam antibiotics. Six of twenty-one nmTSS isolates were indistinguishable or highly related to the CA-MRSA isolates. MnCop, an nmTSS isolate obtained in Alabama in 1986, was highly related to the CA-MRSA isolates except that it did not contain an SCCmec element. These data suggest that CA-MRSA strains may represent a new acquisition of SCCmec DNA in a previously susceptible genetic background that was capable of causing nmTSS. CA-MRSA poses a serious health risk not only because it is resistant to the antibiotics of choice for community-acquired staphylococcal infections but also because of its ability to cause nmTSS via superantigen production.

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ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCING BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM FARMLANDS

Bacterial Empire ◽

10.36547/be.2019.2.4.99-102 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Hammed Abiodun Durojaye ◽

Georgia Chinemenwa Agu

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Bacillus Megaterium ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Production ◽

Health Concern ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Ogun State ◽

Wide Range

The need for new antibiotics has been highlighted recently with the increasing pace of emergence of drug resistance pathogens. Emerging strains of bacteria resistant to most advanced antibiotics have become issues of very important public health concern. Modification of existing antibiotics with the addition of side chains or other chemical group and genomics based drug targeting have been the preferred method of drug development at the corporate level in recent years. In this regard, soil samples were collected from farmlands located in Ibadan in Oyo state, Ago – Iwoye, and Ikenne in Ogun state, Nigeria. Two putative Streptomyces strains and Bacillus strains isolated from the 16 selected farmland soils were characterized and assessed for antibiotic production and activity against a wide range of bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marscens, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The extracts of the putative obtained from Streptomyces somaliensis, Streptomyces anulatus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis showed activities against minimum of 3 and maximum of the 4 of the 7 tested bacteria. Inhibition zones were found to range between 2.0 - 25.0 mm diameters at a concentration of 1ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extracts against the tested organisms ranged from 50% and above. Bacillus megaterium, and Streptomyces somaliensis were found to inhibit all the pathogenic bacteria, while S. anulatus was unable to inhibit Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus, and B. Subtilis was unable to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis.

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