scholarly journals Assessment of potential use of garlic (Allium sativum) against growth of microbes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3508-3515
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Organosulfur Compound ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Garlic Bulb ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Potential Use

Garlic (Allium sativum) is cultivated worldwide for its medicinal and nutritional value. Garlic is an effective antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antiviral agent. Garlic contains organosulfur compounds which impart antimicrobial property. Garlic is known to be highly effective in reducing growth of bacteria. Garlic bulb contains organosulfur compound, allicin, which is responsible for the efficacy of garlic against the growth of microbes. This compound can hinder the formation of bacterial acetyl-CoA, a precursor required for metabolic activities in bacteria. The present review indicates that garlic shows considerable inhibitory effect on microbial growth. Thus garlic can be used as a sustainable alternative to treat diseases and provide a solution to minimize our dependence on chemical-based drugs in future.

The effect of plant metabolites on coronaviruses: A comprehensive review focusing on their IC50 values and molecular docking scores

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastou Farshi ◽  
Eda Ceren Kaya ◽  
Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork ◽  
Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Protein Receptors ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Natural Drugs

: Coronaviruses have caused worldwide outbreaks in different periods. SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), was the first emerged virus from this family, followed by MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV or COVID 19), which is newly emerged. Many studies have been conducted on the application of chemical and natural drugs for treating these coronaviruses and they are mostly focused on inhibiting the proteases of viruses or blocking their protein receptors through binding to amino acid residues. Among many substances which are introduced to have an inhibitory effect against coronaviruses through the mentioned pathways, natural components are of specific interest. Secondary and primary metabolites from plants, are considered as potential drugs to have an inhibitory effect on coronaviruses. IC50 value (the concentration in which there is 50% loss in enzyme activity), molecular docking score and binding energy are parameters to understand the ability of metabolites to inhibit the specific virus. In this study we did a review of 154 papers on the effect of plant metabolites on different coronaviruses and data of their IC50 values, molecular docking scores and inhibition percentages are collected in tables. Secondary plant metabolites such as polyphenol, alkaloids, terpenoids, organosulfur compounds, saponins and saikosaponins, lectins, essential oil, and nicotianamine, and primary metabolites such as vitamins are included in this study.

scholarly journals The nutritional applications of garlic (Allium sativum) as natural feed additives in animals

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11934
Author(s):  
Jiashun Chen ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Yexin Yin ◽  
Xiaokang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Markers

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an essential vegetable that has been widely utilized as seasoning, flavoring, culinary and in herbal remedies. Garlic contains several characteristic organosulfur compounds, such as diallyl sulfide, allicin (diallyl thiosulphate), γ-glutamylcysteine, and S-allyl cysteine (alliin) and ajoene, which garlic has beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and endothelial function in vitro or in animal model. These bioactive molecules are also playing pivotal role in livestock and fisheries production apart from its application in humans. Supplementation of animal feed with garlic and its related products is consistent with the modern agricultural concept of organic animal husbandry. This review compiles the information describing the effects of feeding garlic and its extracts on selected performance parameters in animals (chicken, rabbits, ruminants, pigs and fish). This review may provide reference for scientists and entrepreneurs to investigate the applications of feeds added with garlic and allicin by-products for the improvement of animal husbandry and aquatic production.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Bawang Putih (Allium sativum ) terhadap Bakteri Shigella dysenteriae yang Resisten terhadap Ampisilin

MEDULA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arimaswati Arimaswati ◽  
Yessy Toding Mendaun ◽  
Yenti Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Organosulfur Compound ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Control Group Design

ABSTRACT Background : Gastrointestinal infections, especially caused by Shigella dysenteriae bacteria is still a health issue in Indonesia. The number of ampicillin resistance to S. dysenteriae has been widely reported. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a traditional medicine that efficacy as an antibacterial. Garlic contains an organosulfur compound  Allicin. Research Purpose: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of garlic rule extract on the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria that are resistant to ampicillin. Research Methods: This study used the experimental with post test only control group design. The antibacterial activity test was determined based on the diameter of clear zone formed. Test  were performed  on garlic filtrate, ciprofloxacin as a positive control and aquades as a negative control. Each treatment was performed three times. Research Result: This research showed that rule extract of garlic (A. sativum)  had a clear zone against S. dysenteriae that was resistant to ampicillin. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was that rule extract of garlic (A. sativum) had an antibacterial activity against S. dysenteriae which resistant to ampicillin.  Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Garlic (A. sativum), S. dysenteriae

scholarly journals Grape Pomace: A Potential Ingredient for the Human Diet

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Paula Pereira ◽  
Carla Palma ◽  
Cíntia Ferreira-Pêgo ◽  
Olga Amaral ◽  
Anabela Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Potential Use

The industrial production of wine generates annually tons of waste that can and must be properly reused to reduce its polluting load ad increase the availability of passive ingredients to be used in human nutrition. Grape pomace, a by-product of winemaking, beyond being of nutritional value is a bioactive source with high potential value and benefits for human health. Having as main goal the preliminary perception of the potential use of this by-product, the aim of this study was the characterization of eight different grape pomaces. In this sense, ash content, relative ash, moisture, pH, microorganisms, metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), and semi-metal (As) were reported. The parameter that limits the daily amount ingested of this product is its arsenic content, a non-essential element that belongs to the group of semi-metal. Considering the obtained results and in the light of the restrictions imposed through the legislation in regulations set by the European Commission, the inclusion of grape pomace in the industrial production of foodstuffs could be a step towards the future of human nutrition and health.

scholarly journals The inhibitory effect of silk sericin against ultraviolet-induced melanogenesis and its potential use in cosmeceutics as an anti-hyperpigmentation compound

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2497-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadi Praveen Kumar ◽  
Biman B. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Silk Sericin ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Potential Use

A schematic illustration of the inhibitory effect of silk sericin against UV radiation-induced melanogenesis.

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antipyretic Activities of Prunus persica var. nucipersica (Nectarine) Kernel

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelsamed Ibrahim Elshamy ◽  
Heba Mohammed Ibrahim Abdallah ◽  
Abd El-Nasser Gaber El Gendy ◽  
Walla El-Kashak ◽  
Beatrice Muscatello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractNectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) is a worldwide appreciated edible subspecies, with a high nutritional value and benefits on human health due to its phenolic content. Despite the large consumption of the fruit, the potential use of its kernel is poorly studied. Herein, the potential pharmacological activities and the phenolic constituents of an alcoholic extract of kernel nectarine fruits were investigated. Administering nectarine kernel extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) in rats reduced paw edema after carrageenan injection by 11 and 47% in 1 h, 24 and 33% in 2 h, and 23 and 32% in 4 h, when compared to the controls. At the higher dose (100 mg/kg), nectarine kernel extract increased the reaction time in the hot-plate model and produced a significant decrease in the rectal temperature of the pyretic rats, while both doses produced 52 and 59% of writhing inhibition compared to the control group. Total polyphenolic (55.91 ± 5.78 mg/g) and flavonoid (29.89 ± 0.55 mg/g) content indicated that the extract is a promising source of these constituents. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, such as naringenin and apigenin glycosides. The cyanogenic glycosides amigdalin and prunasin were also detected. These results highlight the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities of nectarine kernel alcoholic extract, together with significant phenolic content, promoting its exploitation as a source of bioactive molecules.

scholarly journals Anti-equine arteritis virus activity of ethanolic extract and compounds from Origanum vulgare

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Einhardt Blank ◽  
Rayra Almeida Corrêa ◽  
Rogério Antônio Freitag ◽  
Marlete Brum Cleff ◽  
Silvia De Oliveira Hübner
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Equine Arteritis Virus ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Virus Growth

The equine arteritis virus (EAV) is responsible by an important respiratory and reproductive disease in equine populations and there is no specific antiviral treatment available. The objective of this study was to investigate the activity of an ethanolic crude extract of Origanum vulgare (EEO) and of isolated compound caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, carnosol, carnosic acid, kaempferol and apigenin against EAV. The assays were performed using non-cytotoxic concentrations. The antiviral activity was monitored initially by cytopathic effect inhibition (CPE) assay in RK13 cells in the presence or absence of EEO. Pre-incubated cells with EEO were also examined to show prophylactic effect. Direct viral inactivation by EEO and isolated compounds was evaluated by incubation at 37°C or 20°C. After the incubation period, the infectivity was immediately determined by virus titrations on cell cultures and expressed as 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/100 µL. There was significant virucidal activity of EEO and of the compounds caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, carnosic acid and kaempferol. When EEO was added after infection, EEO inhibited the virus growth in infected cells, as evidenced by significant reduction of the viral titre. The results provide evidence that the EEO exhibit an inhibitory effect anti-EAV. Among the main compounds evaluated, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, carnosic acid, kaempferol and mainly quercetin, contributed to the activity of EEO. EEO may represent a good prototype for the development of a new antiviral agent, presenting promising for combating arteriviruses infections.

scholarly journals Antiherpesvirus Activities of (1′S,2′R)-9-{[1′,2′-Bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1′-yl]methyl}guanine (A-5021) in Cell Culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1666-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Iwayama ◽  
Nobukazu Ono ◽  
Yuko Ohmura ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
Miho Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Growth Inhibition Assay ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Antiherpetic activity of (1′S,2′R)-9-{[1′,2′-bis(hydroxymethyl)cycloprop-1′-yl]methyl}guanine (A-5021) was compared with those of acyclovir (ACV) and penciclovir (PCV) in cell cultures. In a plaque reduction assay using a selection of human cells, A-5021 showed the most potent activity in all cells. Against clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1,n = 5) and type 2 (HSV-2, n = 6), mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) for A-5021 were 0.013 and 0.15 μg/ml, respectively, in MRC-5 cells. Corresponding IC50s for ACV were 0.22 and 0.30 μg/ml, and those for PCV were 0.84 and 1.5 μg/ml, respectively. Against clinical isolates of varicella-zoster virus (VZV, n = 5), mean IC50s for A-5021, ACV, and PCV were 0.77, 5.2, and 14 μg/ml, respectively, in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells. A-5021 showed considerably more prolonged antiviral activity than ACV when infected cells were treated for a short time. The selectivity index, the ratio of 50% cytotoxic concentration to IC50, of A-5021 was superior to those of ACV and PCV for HSV-1 and almost comparable for HSV-2 and VZV. In a growth inhibition assay of murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells, A-5021 showed the least inhibitory effect of the three compounds. These results show that A-5021 is a potent and selective antiviral agent against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV.

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