Cynodon dactylon Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens

is a genus of plant in the grass family. It is found in the tropical regions and is also known as grass, Bermuda grass and Indian Doab. It is a herb extensively used in Indian system of medicine. It has many health benefits and is useful in controlling hypertension, skin diseases and diabetes. Selenium particles have an excellent anti-cancer, , antioxidant, photo reactive property. The size of SeNPs ranges from 30nm to 200 nm. These particles can be used in arthritis, cancer, diabetes etc. To prepare the selenium particles using Cynodon , fresh Cynodon was dried and made into a fine powder and powder mixed with distilled water. Selenium were synthesized using plant extract and sodium . Anti microbial activity against oral pathogens tested usingagar well diffusion method. The diameter of zone of inhibition was recorded on each plate. The change was indicative of the formation of SeNPs that was further confirmed by . The Cynodon mediated SeNPs showed high anti microbial activity against all the three micro-organisms especially Candida and S.. Therefore, diseases can be prevented as it is very effective in inhibiting the growth of the colonies.

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Mineral Composition, Phytochemicals and Anti-microbial Activity of Coconut Water (Cocos nucieferal) on Candida albicans and Lactobacillus acidophilus

Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research ◽

10.36630/jmbsr_21004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 10-14

Author(s):

Dorathy Otor ◽

◽

Matthew Otor ◽

Nonye Okafor ◽

Kate Darlington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Oral Care ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Systems ◽

Micro Organisms

The phytochemicals and anti-microbial activity of coconut water on Candida albicans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and also its mineral composition were investigated for its medicinal potential. The study revealed the presence of Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Fe, Ca, Na, K, Mg and Mn. The concentration of the elements in ppm were as follows Pb (0.058), Cu (0.012), Zn (0.202), Cd (0.028), Fe (0.109), Ca (0.368), Na (1.300), K (1.740), Mg (0.947), Mn (0.229). Saponins, alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates were the phytochemicals detected. The coconut water was tested against Candida albicans and Lactobacillus acidophilus using Agar well diffusion method. Inhibitory zone diameter ranges from 13-25 mm. The results showed a concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms. Inhibitory activity exhibited by coconut water against these micro-organisms is an indication of the presence of bioactive compounds which can be identified, isolated and incorporated into modern oral care systems for controlling dental caries. Keywords: Coconut water, phytochemicals, Candida albican, Lactobacillus acidophilus

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An In Vitro Study on the Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oil Modified Resin Composite against Oral Pathogens

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13194383 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 4383

Author(s):

Barbara Lapinska ◽

Aleksandra Szram ◽

Beata Zarzycka ◽

Janina Grzegorczyk ◽

Louis Hardan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oral Pathogens

Modifying the composition of dental restorative materials with antimicrobial agents might induce their antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria, e.g., S.mutans and L.acidophilus, as well as antifungal effect on C.albicans that are major oral pathogens. Essential oils (EOs) are widely known for antimicrobial activity and are successfully used in dental industry. The study aimed at evaluating antibacterial and antifungal activity of EOs and composite resin material (CR) modified with EO against oral pathogens. Ten EOs (i.e., anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lavender, limette, mint, rosemary thyme) were tested using agar diffusion method. Cinnamon and thyme EOs showed significantly highest antibacterial activity against S.mutans and L.acidophilus among all tested EOs. Anise and limette EOs showed no antibacterial activity against S.mutans. All tested EOs exhibited antifungal activity against C.albicans, whereas cinnamon EO showed significantly highest and limette EO significantly lowest activity. Next, 1, 2 or 5 µL of cinnamon EO was introduced into 2 g of CR and microbiologically tested. The modified CR showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to unmodified one. CR containing 2 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against S.mutans and C.albicans, while CR modified with 1 µL of EO showed the best antimicrobial properties against L.acidophilus.

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Phytochemical Screening and Biological Studies of Shilajit (Asphaltum)

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.1883 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Shahid Aziz ◽

Sidra Khaliq ◽

Habib Ur-Rehman ◽

Kh. Shakeel Ghani ◽

Muhammad Irshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Activity ◽

Cardiac Glycosides ◽

Reducing Sugars ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Biological Studies ◽

Dead Plant ◽

Micro Organisms

Shilajit (asphaltum) is produced by the long term humification of dead plant material and organic vegetable matter by different micro-organisms and has great potential for the treatment of a variety of human conditions. This treatise reviews its origin, sources, chemical composition, biological and commercial importance. Phytochemical analysis was done by standard methods to evaluate different Shilajit (asphaltum) classes of compounds in different samples of shilajit which are responsible for their biological activity. Shilajit`s anti-microbial activity has been evaluated against four different bacterial strains viz., Escherichia coli, Psuedomonas aeuroginosa, Klebisella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. Phytochemical analysis illustrated that shilajit contains terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins and reducing sugars. Surprisingly, some classes of compounds are absent in shilajit viz., alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones. . Shilajit showed no response towards halophytic bacteria and negligible activity was shown towards other strains of bacteria. Since anti-microbial activity is based on environmental factors its activity varied between locations.

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African Skin: Different Types, Needs and Diseases

International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health ◽

10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v36i330143 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Olumayowa Abimbola Oninla ◽

Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla ◽

Bolaji Ibiesa Otike-Odibi ◽

Mufutau Muphy Oripelaye ◽

Fatai Olatunde Olanrewaju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Color ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Skin Pigmentation ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Skin Care ◽

Skin Type ◽

Protective Properties ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

The Right

Microscopic structures in the skin are basically the same in all races. Differences are found in histology and physiology of the skin resulting in different skin types, needs and prevailing skin diseases. Skin pigmentation (with the photo-protective properties), and the barrier function of the stratum corneum are the main differences between African and Caucasian skin. The geographic distribution of UV radiation (UVR) has a positive correlation with geographical location. The darker-skinned populations are closer to the equator where there are high amounts of UVR especially in the tropical regions of the world. African skin has the greatest variability in skin color. Africa has both white and dark skinned individuals with the darker-skinned populations being mostly around the equator. Leslie Baumann introduced four parameters that more accurately characterized skin types than previous classification of dry, oily, normal and combination skin. These are dry or oily – D/O; sensitive or resistant – S/R; pigmented or non-pigmented – P/N, and wrinkled or unwrinkled skin – W/T. Combinations of these further produced sixteen skin phenotypes. Dark skinned individuals often have the PT types while the light skinned mostly have the NW types. Skin needs basically depends on the type. Identifying the skin type is fundamental to providing the right skin care. According to Baumann, the fundamental elements of skin care are mild cleansing, hydrating (moisturization with humectants and emollients), replenishing (with lipids, ceramides and fatty acids) and skin protection (UV protection and increased humidity). Skin diseases are associated with skin type. Eczema is more typical in people with DS combinations while acne is associated with OS skin type (especially OSNT and OSPT). Prevalence of skin diseases varies within African communities from 35% to 87% with skin infections affecting 22-46% and eczemas 13-21% of patients in various studies.

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Steam treatment of contaminated groundwater aquifers – development of pathogenic micro-organisms in soil

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin ◽

10.34194/geusb.v7.4829 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Carsten Suhr Jacobsen ◽

Susanne Elmholt ◽

Carsten Bagge Jensen ◽

Pia Bach Jakobsen ◽

Mikkel Bender

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Steam Injection ◽

Vapour Phase ◽

Steam Treatment ◽

Deep Aquifer ◽

Vacuum Suction ◽

Water Saturated ◽

Micro Organisms

Steam treatment of contaminated soil and aquifer sediment is a promising method of cleaning soil. The treatment is based on steam injection into a water saturated porous aquifer (Gudbjerg et al. 2004), by which the heat transfers the contaminants into the vapour phase, allowing entrapment in an active carbon filter connected to a large vacuum suction device. The treatment is effective against several important groundwater contaminants, including pentachlorophenole and perchloroethylene, typically found in association with industrial processes or dry cleaning facilities. Furthermore, as an example of removal of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) large amounts of creosote have been recovered after steam injection in a deep aquifer (Kuhlmann 2002; Tse & Lo 2002). Steam treatment is dependent on the complete heating of the soil volume under treatment. The steam has a strongly adverse impact on trees and other plants with deep root systems within the soil, but no other visible effects have been reported. The aim of the activities undertaken during collaborative projects carried out by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences (DJF) for the Danish Environmental Protection Agency and the local authorities in Copenhagen (Københavns Amt) was to establish to what extent the microbial community was affected by the steam treatment of the soil. A few results from the literature indicate that the microbial activity increases in steam treated soil (Richardson et al. 2002), probably due to microbial degradation of the soil contaminants in combination with microbial utilisation of heatkilled organisms. It is, however, not known whether this increased microbial activity is associated with the development of pathogenic micro-organisms; these are typically able to grow at higher temperatures than the general microbial community in soil.

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SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 2-AMINOTHIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR THEIR ANTITUBERCULAR, ANTIMICROBIAL & ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.49.01.p0024 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (01) ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

S. R. Pattan ◽

◽

S. H Kale ◽

R. A. Mali ◽

S. S. Dengale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Antitubercular Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Standard Drug ◽

E Coli ◽

H Nmr ◽

Antimicrobial And Antifungal Activity ◽

Micro Organisms

Millions of people are affected by infectious diseases caused by micro-organisms. Further the widespread microbial resistance had renewed the interest in quest for new antitubercular, antimicrobial & antifungal agents. The present study deals with synthesis & evaluation of some substituted 2-aminothiazole derivatives for their antitubercular, antimicrobial and antifungal activity. 2-aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized by treating substituted acetophenones with thiourea in presence of bromine to give 2-amino 4-substituted phenylthizole and then further treated with chloracetyl chloride to give 2-chloro-N-(4-substituted phenylthizole-2-yl)-acetamide which on refluxing with primary amine gives 15 derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, H-NMR and elemental analysis.All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli by using cup plate agar diffusion method. The activity was measured in terms of zone of inhibition and compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin, sulfonamide. The aminothiazole derivatives were evaluated for antitubercular activity and their result were compared with standard streptomycin.

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IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.52.04.10125 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (04) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

S. M Pawaskar ◽

◽

K. C. Sasangan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Petroleum Ether ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

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Ethnic Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cyperus rotundus

10.4018/978-1-6684-3546-5.ch023 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 431-453

Author(s):

Mohammed Rahmatullah ◽

Khoshnur Jannat ◽

Gerald R. Reeck ◽

Rownak Jahan ◽

Taufiq Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Invasive Weed ◽

Lead Compounds ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

The World ◽

Scientific Validation

Cyperus rotundus (nut grass in English) is a perennial erect sedge plant and is distributed in over 90 countries of the world, where it has been mostly classified as a highly invasive weed. Despite this classification, the plant has been considered from traditional times to be medicinally important. The traditional uses of the plant in various countries include uses against various gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, and neurological disorders. Evaluation of the plant and especially its rhizomes in a scientific manner has revealed the presence of numerous phytochemicals and wide-ranging pharmacological activities, which include anti-microbial, gastrointestinal, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-pyretic activity. The scientific validation of a number of traditional uses strongly indicates that the plant may prove useful in the discovery of a number of lead compounds and novel drugs.

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Piperine Analogues Containing 1,2,4-Triazole Ring

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2019.21876 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 1077-1080

Author(s):

Kottakki Naveen Kumar ◽

Karteek Rao Amperayani ◽

V. Ravi Sankar Ummdi ◽

Uma Devi Parimi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Triazole Ring ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Antibacterial Study ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Micro Organisms

A series 1,2,4-triazole piperine analogues (TP1-TP6) were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Antibacterial study was done using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative micro-organisms (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by disc diffusion method. Compound containing chloro substitution (TP6) showed the highest effect, while compound TP1, TP3, TP4, TP5 showed the moderate activity.

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