Über ein neues Insektizid mit breitem Wirkungsspektrum

1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Thiophosphoric Acid ◽  
Systemic Action ◽  
Good Action ◽  
Acid Esters

Es wird die Verwendung von Thiophosphorsäure-[2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl-(6)]-diäthylester (Diazinon) als Insektizid im Pflanzen- und Vorratsschutz und in der Hygiene beschrieben. Die akute orale Toxizität, DL 50 in mm3/kg Körpergewicht, beträgt an der Maus 96, an der Ratte 235, am Meerschweinchen 320, am Kaninchen 130. Die chronische Toxizität liegt z. B. an der Ratte günstiger als jene von Dichlordiphenyl-trichloraethan. Diazinon zeigt, wie andere Phosphorsäureester, eine starke Hemmung der Cholinesterase. Auf Insekten und Spinnmilben hat es eine Kontakt-, Fraß- und Gaswirkung. Auf Pflanzen appliziert, weist es wohl eine Tiefen-, aber keine systemische Wirkung auf. Aus den verschiedenen Applikationsgebieten ist vor allem die gute Wirkung gegen Lepidopteren und Dipteren hervorzuheben. Letztere ermöglicht den Einsatz von Diazinon zur Bekämpfung der resistenten Fliegen.The use as an insecticide for the protection of plants and stores of thiophosphoric acid [2-isopropyl-4-methyl-pyrimidyl-(6)]-diethylester (Diazinon) is described. Its hygienic use is also described. The acute oral toxicity, DL 50 in mm3/kg body weight, is, for the mouse 96, for the rat 235, for the guinea pig 320, for the rabbit 130. The chronic toxicity is more favourable, for example in the rat, than that of Dichlordiphenyl-trichlorethane. Like other phosphoric acid esters, Diazinon greatly inhibits cholinesterase. It acts as a contact, stomach and gas poison on insects and red spiders. Applied to plants it certainly has a deep, but not a systemic action. Of all the various possibilities for application, its good action on Lepidoptera and Diptera is of particular importance. Diazinon can thus be used for the control of resistent flies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5932-5941
Author(s):  
Manohar Reddy ◽  
Raja Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acute Changes

The fundamental reason for this examination was to look at the acute and sub-chronic harmfulness investigations of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata Heyne ex Nees (Acanthaceae) on creature models according to the OECD rules 407 and 425 respectively. In acute oral toxicity study a solitary oral dosages of 5000 mg/kg body weight of the individual chloroform and methanol extracts was given to rodents and watched them for two weeks for the discovery of acute changes and for its mortality any. During acute oral toxicity study period no mortality were seen without any denotation of intense changes. Further, it was executed the sub-chronic toxicity of extracts. Barleria cuspidata extracts (chloroform and methanol) were independently given every day at dosages of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for 90 days to recognize the progressions any at sub-chronic poisonousness levels. Toward the finish of the experimentation by gathering the serum tests of trial creatures and watched for any progressions in hematological, biochemical and histopathological boundaries. All parameters of treated group were shown unaltered changes throughout the study period when compared with that of normal group. The outcomes propose that the oral organization of chloroform and methanol extracts of Barleria cuspidata didn't raise any huge poisonous impacts when contrasted with that of control animals. Hence the extracts may be safe for therapeutic use and as an alternative system of medicine.

scholarly journals Toxicity assessment of a technical product of the triazole class

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1279
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
Tatiana M. Epishina ◽  
Elena G. Chkhvirkiya
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Technical Product ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Toxicological Studies

Introduction. Historically, pesticides are evaluated more strictly from a medical point of view than other chemicals. Since their features, such as deliberate introduction into the environment, the possibility of contact with them by large masses of the population, and the high biological activity determine their potential danger to humans. Purpose of research - study of the biological effect of a technical product derived from triazoles when it is repeatedly ingested orally in mammals (rats), establishment of inactive and active doses, justification of the permissible daily dose (DSD) for humans. Material and methods. In acute experiments, white rats were used, including 6 animals in the group. Tested dose: 500-4000 mg/kg of body weight. A chronic (12 months) experiment was performed on 80 male rats with a bodyweight of 180-190 g at the beginning of the study. Tested doses: 5.0; 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight (1 control and 3 experimental animals, 20 individuals each). In the dynamics of the experiment, we observed the condition and behavior of animals, water, and food consumption, recorded the timing of death, changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical, and hematological indices. Results. Indices of the acute oral toxicity on the studied product LD50 male rats were 2250 ± 483 mg/kg body weight. The dose of 5.0 mg / kg of body weight was not found to cause significant changes in all studied indices. The doses of 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight had a polytropic effect on the body in experimental animals. Discussion. The studied product for the acute oral toxicity refers to low-hazard compounds, the doses of 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight has a polytropic effect on the mammalian body, causing changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism in the body of rats - was accepted as acting. The dose of 5.0 mg / kg of body weight, when administered in rats, there are no changes in all the studied parameters throughout the experiment, is accepted as invalid. Based on the inactive dose-5.0 mg/kg of body weight and taking into account the reserve factor of 100, we have scientifically justified DSD for a person at the level of 0.05 mg/kg. Summary. The conducted sanitary and Toxicological studies indicate the need to assess the toxicity of new technical products to the mammalian body, to increase the reliability of the developed hygiene standards in environmental objects and food products.

scholarly journals Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Selected Philippine Indigenous Berries as Potential Food Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 684-684
Author(s):  
Maria Amelita Estacio ◽  
Liezl Atienza ◽  
Roxanne Gapasin ◽  
Jonna Rose Maniwang ◽  
James Ryan Aranzado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives “Bignay” (Antidesma bunius), “lipote” (Syzygium polycephaloides) and “duhat” (Syzgium cumini) are indigenous berries in the Philippines that are known to contain high antioxidant properties and other health-promoting and disease-preventing compounds. However, oral toxicity studies on these berries are not yet explored. Hence, this study evaluated the acute oral toxicity of these berries in freeze-dried forms using 6-week old ICR mice following the OECD guidelines 425 (up and down method). Methods Treatment groups were administered with freeze-dried powders of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” reconstituted in distilled water at various doses: 55 mg/kg body weight (BW), 175 mg/kg BW, 550 mg/kg BW, 2000 mg/kg BW and 5000 mg/kg BW while control group was administered with distilled water. Body weight, feed and water intake were obtained daily. Biochemical profiles were measured prior to administration of reconstituted berries at day 1 and prior to euthanasia. Toxicity, morbidity and mortality cases were observed daily. Euthanasia and necropsy were performed to check for gross organ abnormalities. Results Mice that received the different concentrations of “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” had normal feed and water consumption and gained weight during the test period. No clinical and behavioral signs of toxicity were observed and there was zero morbidity and mortality. Post-mortem evaluation showed no lesions on various organs examined. Blood ALT, BUN and creatinine levels were within normal published values. Conclusions These results show that different concentrations of freeze-dried “bignay”, “lipote” and “duhat” are non-toxic using ICR mice and therefore have high potential to be developed into food supplements and nutraceuticals. Funding Sources Philippine Council for Health Research and Development - Department of Food Science and Technology Enhanced Creative Work and Research Grant - Office of Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines.

scholarly journals ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ACTINOSCIRPUS GROSSUS (L.F.) GOETGH. AND D.A. SIMPSON

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Savin Chanthala Ganapathi ◽  
Rajendra Holla ◽  
Shivaraja Shankara Ym ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Toxic Potential

Objective: To study the acute oral toxicity of ethanolic extract of Actinoscirpus grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Ethanolic extract of the plant was assessed for single dose acute toxicity by employing Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development(OECD) guidelines 425 using Acute Oral Toxicity(AOT) software. The dosed (up or down as per the requirement) rats were observed for 14 days for general appearance, behavior, mortality, and necropsy. A total of 5 healthy female rats of body weight 225±25 g were used.Results: The test substance did not produce any mortality up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg per oral.Conclusion: Test substance is without any toxic potential even at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in animals and the Lethal Dose (LD50) value of A. grossus (L.f.) Goetgh. and D.A. Simpson was found to be more than 2000 mg/kg body weight.

scholarly journals Acute, Subacute, and Genotoxicity Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Garcinia mangostana Fruit Rind and Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extracts (CinDura®)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sundararaju Dodda ◽  
Venkata Krishnaraju Alluri ◽  
Trimurtulu Golakoti ◽  
Krishanu Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Fruit Rind

The present communication describes a battery of toxicity studies that include an acute oral toxicity, a subacute twenty-eight-day repeated oral dose toxicity, and genotoxicity studies on a herbal formulation CinDura® (GMCT). This proprietary herbal composition contains the extracts of the Garcinia mangostana fruit rind (GM) and the Cinnamomum tamala leaf (CT). The toxicological evaluations were performed following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The acute oral toxicity study in Wistar rats suggests that the median lethal dose of CinDura® is at least 2000 mg/kg body weight. Acute dermal and eye irritation tests in New Zealand white rabbits indicate that the test item is nonirritant to the skin and eyes. A twenty-eight-day repeated dose oral toxicity study was conducted in male and female Wistar rats using daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight, followed by a fourteen-day reversal period for two satellite groups. The CinDura®-supplemented animals did not show any sign of toxicity on their body weights, organ weights, and on the hematobiochemical parameters. The gross pathology and histopathological examinations indicated no treatment-related changes in the experimental animals. Overall, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the herbal blend is 1000 mg/kg body weight, the highest tested dose. Also, the results of the bacterial reverse mutation test and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay in mouse bone marrow suggest that CinDura® (GMCT) is neither mutagenic nor clastogenic.

Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Asiasari radix Extract in Mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ramesh ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
H. W. Lee ◽  
S. J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Icr Mice

Acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of Asiasari radix was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. In this study, mice were administrated orally with dosages of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight of Asiasari radix extract. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption, and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment of Asiasari radix extract. No mortality, signs of toxicity, and abnormalities in gross findings were observed. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups of both sexes. These results show that the methanol extract of Asiasari radix is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute oral toxicity of herbal rumenotoric and stomachic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Sunil Hajare ◽  
◽  
Ranjit Suresh Ingole ◽  
Maheshkumar Vitthal Ingawale ◽  
Vivek Borekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Blood Biochemistry ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Common Problems

Maintaining optimum digestive functions is crucial for achieving health and profitability in livestock enterprises. However, the efficiency of these functions is upset by common problems such as indigestion, anorexia, flatulence, ruminal stasis and impaction. Pachoplus™ (M/s Ayurvet Limited, India) is a polyherbal rumenotoric, carminative and stomachic that helps to achieve and restore optimum digestive functions in livestock. A study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of Pachoplus™ to elicit acute oral toxicity as per OECD 423 guidelines. Nine non-pregnant, nulliparous, adult female Swiss albino mice were used for the study. The animals were observed for the manifestation of toxic effects and mortality after the oral administration of the test substance. Toxicity was evaluated on the basis of changes in body weight, overt signs of toxicity, gross and histological appearances of vital organs, and blood biochemistry. Pachoplus™ was found safe for oral use as no toxic effects or mortalities were observed till day 14

scholarly journals Acute and chronic toxicity study of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydro-ethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovelyn Joseph ◽  
Rejeesh Edavan Puthallath ◽  
Sundarshanram Narayan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

Aims and Objective: To evaluate acute and chronic (90 days) oral toxicity of Valeriana wallichii rhizome hydroethanolic extract in Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Valeriana wallichii rhizome was subjected to extraction with Soxhlet apparatus, using ethanol (90%) + water (10%) mixture and dried withrotavapor. Phytochemical fingerprinting of the extract was done with LC/MS (Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry). Limit Test for acute oral toxicity at 2000 mg/kg body weight was conducted according to OECD guideline no 425. Chronic 90 day oral toxicity study with three different dose groups (200, 600, 1800 mg/kg/body weight/day) with selected in life parameters (physical, behavioural) and post mortem parameters (haematological, biochemical, gross necropsy and histopathological) as per WHO guidelines for testing safety of herbs was conducted.Results: Acute toxicity: no signs of abnormality, morbidity or mortality were observed during 14 days of observation. Chronic toxicity: Significant differences between the treated and control groups were observed in the following parameters: Loss of Auditory startle, Aggressiveness (Control > treated), Nasal discharge, Dyspnoea. At necropsy, tracheitis was observed in 3 cases. Results from Photoactometer test indicates dose dependent increase in sedative property.Conclusion: From this work it could be concluded that Valerianawallcihii rhizome hydroethanolic extract didn’t exhibit mortality, morbidity or any other neurologic, hematologic or biochemical adverse effects apart from sedation which is extension of their known pharmacological activity, after single oral dose of 2000mg/ kg bw (14 days of observation) or after once daily 200mg/kg, 600mg/kg 1800mg/kg oral treatment for 90days in healthy adult Swiss albino mice.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 49-54

scholarly journals Ethyl acetate fraction of Psorospermum febrifugum Spach aqueous extract did not exhibit acute or sub-chronic toxicity. Experimental study on Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
F Agbogba ◽  
M Sènou ◽  
AP Tchogou ◽  
JE Lokonon ◽  
TI Sacramento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Function Tests

Psorospermum febrifugum Spach (Clusiaceae) was a tropical plant whose root bark was used to treat anemia. This work aimed to evaluate the safety of the ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract of this bark. Methods: The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract was administered to Wistar rats in a single dose of 2000 mg / Kg body weight for acute oral toxicity test or daily doses of 200 mg / Kg of body weight during 28 days for sub-chronic oral toxicity test, as recommended by the OECD. At day 0, then at day 14 for the acute phase and day 28 for the sub-chronic phase, the rats were weighed and their blood collected for tests. The activity of transaminases AST and ALT were measured in the liver function tests, blood urea and creatinine were measured for renal function tests and blood leukocytes were counted for the immune balance. These analyzes were supplemented by the histology of the liver, kidneys and spleen, an immune organ. Results: In acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity tests, rat’s weight, liver, kidney and immune balances as well as these organs histology were not affected, suggesting the safety of the extract fraction. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of the aqueous extract of the root bark of Psorospermum febrifugum did not reveal any acute or sub-chronic oral toxicity. This effect could be related to its richness in flavonoids which have cytoprotective effects. The study of biological tolerance deserves to be continued by the chronic toxicity test and appropriate clinical trials.

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