scholarly journals Development and Validation of UV-Visible Method to Determine Gallic Acid in Hydroalcoholic Extract of Erythrina fusca Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivkanya Fuloria ◽  
Lau Tiew Wei ◽  
Sundram Karupiah ◽  
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ◽  
Christina Gellknight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Precision Study ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Development And Validation

Gallic acid (GA) inhibitory potential against oxidative stress and associated diseases, creates the importance for GA standardization in plant medicines. The present investigation was intended to quantify the amount of GA in Erythrina fusca leaves hydro-alcoholic extract (EFLHE) by the development of UV/Visible-spectrophotometric method and its validation. The study involved of EFLHE preparation via ethanolic maceration, followed by estimation of total phenolic content (TPC) or GA through the development of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent-based UV/Visible-spectrometric method and standard GA calibration curve. Developed method to estimate GA was validated using linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and ruggedness studies. The TPC analysis of EFLHE in concentration of 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 µg/ml exhibited amount of GA as 98.0±8.71, 117.0±1.73, 217.1±3.45, 276.0±0.80, 289.1±1.11 and 295.2±1.19 GA equivalent (mg/g, dry weight) respectively. The linearity study revealed the range of GA from 0.5-10 µg/ml. The correlation coefficient for GA was found as 0.997 at 212 nm. Recovery analysis (accuracy) showed that little change in drug concentration could be accurately estimated. The precision study revealed low %RSD with the highest value of 0.43%, indicating substantial precision. The present study concludes that advanced method to estimate GA in EFLHE is rapid, simple, accurate, precise, and economic; and validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, repeatability and ruggedness. The study recommends that this method can be used for GA estimation in Erythrina fusca leaves extract.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT FOR STANDARDIZATION OF VARIOUS PHYLLANTHUS SPECIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Rakhi Khabiya
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Alcoholic Extract

Objective: This study aims at comparison of total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of various species of Phyllanthus available in Gujarat state by spectrophotometric method. Methods : The total phenolic content was determined quantitatively using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent, with Gallic acid as standard. Results: The total phenolic content in methanolic extract of various Phyllanthus species  ranged from 41.801 to 87.542 mg/g of dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Phyllanthus urinaria was found to have highest phenolic content and Phyllanthus acidus  was found to have lowest phenolic content . Conclusion: The total phenolic content will be helpful for developing new drugs and standardizing the various Phyllanthus species particularly morphological similar species. The presence of a high total phenolic content shows that the alcoholic extract of Phyllanthus may possess antioxidant properties, which could lead to a new field of research in the future.

scholarly journals An Insight into Kiwiberry Leaf Valorization: Phenolic Composition, Bioactivity and Health Benefits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Silva ◽  
Diana Pinto ◽  
Iva Fernandes ◽  
Victor de Freitas ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Solar Exposure ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

During kiwiberry production, different by-products are generated, including leaves that are removed to increase the fruit’s solar exposure. The aim of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from kiwiberry leaf by employing microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Compatible food solvents (water and ethanol) were employed. The alcoholic extract contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (629.48 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of plant material on dry weight (dw) (GAE/g dw) and 136.81 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of plant material on dw (CAE/g dw), respectively). Oppositely, the hydroalcoholic extract achieved the highest antioxidant activity and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (IC50 = 29.10 μg/mL for O2•−, IC50 = 1.87 μg/mL for HOCl and IC50 = 1.18 μg/mL for •NO). The phenolic profile showed the presence of caffeoylquinic acids, proanthocyanidin, and quercetin in all samples. However, caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin were detected in higher amounts in the alcoholic extract, while proanthocyanidins were prevalent in the hydroalcoholic extract. No adverse effects were observed on Caco-2 viability, while the highest concentration (1000 µg/mL) of hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts conducted to a decrease of HT29-MTX viability. These results highlight the MAE potentialities to extract bioactive compounds from kiwiberry leaf.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES AND STEM BARKS OF Artocarpus scortechinii KING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shajarahtunnur Jamil ◽  
Norazah Basar ◽  
Norzafneza Mohd Arriffin
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calibration Graph ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Capacity

The antioxidant activities of extracts (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) from the leaves and stem barks of Artocarpus scortechinii were evaluated using various biochemical assays. The quantification of the Total Antioxidant Capacity was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays. While, the qualitative of The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was determined via standard gallic acid calibration graph which was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of dry weight (dw) using Folin Ciocalteau’s reagent. Among all the extracts tested, the methanolic extract of the stem barks showed the highest phenolic content with TPC value of 136.84 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw). FRAP results were expressed as mM equivalent to FeSO4.7H2O by calculating from the standard FeSO4.7H2O calibration graph. The ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks showed the most significant reducing potential in the range between 0.27-2.47 mM FRAP. ABTS+˙ radical scavenging capacity showed that the ethyl acetate extract of the stem barks had the highest scavenging capacity at concentration 1.0 mM with percentage of 90.9%.

The Effect of Heating Temperature on Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Phenolic Compounds of Plum and Mahaleb Fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Ghafoor ◽  
Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Süleyman Doğu ◽  
Nurhan Uslu ◽  
Gbemisola J. Fadimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractThe effect of heating at different temperatures (60, 80, 90, 110, and 130 °C) on the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and phenolic compounds present in plum and mahaleb fruits was investigated. The antioxidant activity values and total phenolic contents of fresh plum (93.82% measured by DPPH method, 787.79 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g dry weight determined by Folin method) and mahaleb fruits (81.80%, 634.47 mg GAE/100 g dry weight) were higher than plum and mahaleb fruits dried at different temperatures (p < 0.05). Generally, the heating process caused a reduction in both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for plum and mahaleb. While (+)-catechin (92.62 mg/kg), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (132.15 mg/kg), gallic acid (107.01 mg/kg), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (74.59 mg/kg) are the key phenolic compounds in fresh plum, (+)-catechin, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, and syringic and caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds of mahaleb fruits. The polyphenol content of fruits and the class of phenolics present are significantly affected by heating temperature.

scholarly journals Five-Golden-Flowers Tea: Green Extraction and Hepatoprotective Effect against Oxidative Damage

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai-Ning Zhao ◽  
Guo-Yi Tang ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Xiao-Yu Xu ◽  
Shi-Yu Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Antioxidant Power

The consumption of herbal teas has become popular in recent years due to their attractive flavors and outstanding antioxidant properties. The Five-Golden-Flowers tea is a herbal tea consisting of five famous edible flowers. The effects of microwave-assisted extraction parameters on the antioxidant activity of Five-Golden-Flowers tea were studied by single-factor experiments, and further investigated using response surface methodology. Under the optimal parameters (53.04 mL/g of solvent/material ratio, 65.52 °C, 30.89 min, and 500 W), the ferric-reducing antioxidant power, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content of the herbal tea were 862.90 ± 2.44 µmol Fe2+/g dry weight (DW), 474.37 ± 1.92 µmol Trolox/g DW, and 65.50 ± 1.26 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g DW, respectively. The in vivo antioxidant activity of the herbal tea was evaluated on alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice. The herbal tea significantly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and malonaldehyde at different doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg); improved the levels of liver index, serum triacylglycerol, and catalase at dose of 800 mg/kg. These results indicated its role in alleviating hepatic oxidative injury. Besides, rutin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, gallic acid, and p-coumaric acid were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which could contribute to the antioxidant activity of the herbal tea.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT FROM PLANT EXTRACTS USED IN COSMETIC PURPOSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
SIMONA DOBRINAS ◽  
ALINA SOCEANU
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Calibration Equation

Spectrometric analysis belongs to a group of measurement methods used for their simplicity and large selectivity to solve various problems of analytes. The total phenolic content of different plant extracts used for cosmetic purpose was determined by a slightly modified version of traditionally Folin-Ciocalteau method. The objective of this work was the validation of UV-Vis spectrometric method, investigation of uncertainty sources when measuring gallic acid concentration and evaluation of the calibration equation effect on measurement uncertainty of UV– Vis spectrophotometer. Validation was performed by studying analytical curve linearity (R2=0.9995) and range (37.5 – 225 mg L-1), estimated limit of detection (LOD, 0.11mg L-1) and limit of quantification (LOQ, 0.37 mg L-1), precision (%RSD, 0.14 – 1.34), recoveries (83-110%) and stability (%RSD, 0.8 – 2.83). To obtain more representative values for precision, recoveries and stability simultaneous replicates at different times, on different matrices including plant (marigold, chamomile and lavender) were performed during the study period. The validated method was successfully applied to determine TPC in marigold extracts. For chamomile and lavender extracts, the spectrometric method presented only acceptable precision, among all the performance parameters studied. The sources of the gallic acid concentration measurement uncertainty include purity, volume of flasks, mass and the calibration equation. The results indicated that the uncertainty components from purity were the smallest. An important source of the uncertainty was the mass.The volumes of the volumetric flasks had only modest effect on the uncertainty. The contribution of calibration equation is the greatest from all sources.

scholarly journals Investigation on Green Synthesis, Biocompatibility, and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared Using Cistus incanus

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5028
Author(s):  
Wioletta Florkiewicz ◽  
Klaudia Pluta ◽  
Dagmara Malina ◽  
Karolina Rudnicka ◽  
Anna Żywicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Cistus Incanus

This paper describes the plant-mediated preparation of silver nanoparticles with aqueous extract and infusion of Cistus incanus leaves. To evaluate aqueous extract and infusion antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content the DPPH and Folin–Ciocalteau methods were utilized. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of extract and infusion were equal to 85.97 ± 6.54 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight.; 10.76 ± 0.59 mg/mL and 12.65 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry weight.; 3.10 ± 0.14 mg/mL, respectively. The formed nanoparticles displayed the characteristic absorption band in the 380–450 nm wavelength range. The average size of particles was in the 68.8–71.2 nm range. Morphology and phase composition analysis revealed the formation of spherical nanoparticles with a face-centred cubic structure. Immune compatibility tests of nanoparticles and plant extracts showed no activation of the THP1-XBlue™ monocyte. Cytotoxicity tests performed with L929 mice fibroblasts showed that nanoparticles should be utilized at a concentration of 16 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations determined with the microdilution method for nanoparticles prepared with plant infusion for S. aureus and S. epidermidis were 2 ppm and 16 ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Myrtus communis L. Pericarp

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bouaoudia-Madi ◽  
Lila Boulekbache-Makhlouf ◽  
Khodir Madani ◽  
Artur M.S. Silva ◽  
Sofiane Dairi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Myrtus Communis ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction of phenolics from pericap of Myrtus communis using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The results were compared with those obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods. The individual compounds of the optimized extract obtained by UAE were identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). The yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) was affected more significantly by ethanol concentration, irradiation time, liquid solvent-to-solid ratio (p < 0.0001) and amplitude (p = 0.0421) and optimal parameters conditions set by the RSM model were 70% (v/v), 7.5 min and 30%, respectively. The experimental yield of TPC (241.66 ± 12.77 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight) confirmed the predicted value (235.52 ± 9.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), allowing also to confirm the model validity. Under optimized conditions, UAE was more efficient than MAE and CSE in extracting antioxidants, which comprised mostly myricetin glycosides. Globally, the present work demonstrated that, compared to MAE and CSE, UAE is an efficient method for phenolic extraction from M. communis pericarp, enabling to reduce the working time and the solvent consumption.

scholarly journals Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Kacang Panjang (Vigna unguiculata) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Visible

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Lalu Aang Robby Dewantara ◽  
Agus Dwi Ananto ◽  
Yayuk Andayani
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

ABSTRAKKacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan karena mengandung metabolit sekunder hampir di seluruh bagian tanamannya, seperti pada daging buahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar fenolik total ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air daging buah kacang panjang dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Visible. Sampel daging buah kacang panjang dimaserasi menggunakan dua pelarut berbeda, yaitu pelarut etanol 96% dan pelarut air. Analisis kadar fenolik total dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV-Visible. Kadar fenolik total dinyatakan dalam gallic acid equivalent (GAE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kadar fenolik total ekstrak etanol kacang panjang sebesar 40,4173 ± 4.2303 mg GAE/g dan kadar fenolik total ekstrak air kacang panjang sebesar 60.6062 ± 2,8533 mg GAE/g. Ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air dari daging buah kacang panjang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dilihat dari parameter kadar fenolik totalnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa kadar fenolik total ekstrak air lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak etanol daging buah kacang panjang. Kata kunci : Kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata); Spektrofotometri UV-Visible; Kadar fenolik total.ABSTRACTCowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is one of the vegetables that have antioxidant potential due to it contains some secondary metabolites that scattered on every part of the Cowpea, such as the pod coat. The aimed of this study was to determine total phenolic content of Cowpea pod coat ethanolic extract and aqueous extract using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Cowpea pod coats were macerated using two different solvents, ethanol 96%, and aqueous.  Total phenolic content was showed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE). The analysis results showed that total phenolic content of ethanol extract of cowpea was 40,41732 ± 4.2303 mg GAE/g and total phenolic content of aqueous extract of cowpea was 60.6062 ± 2,8533 mg GAE/g. The ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of cowpea pod coat have antioxidant potential in terms of total phenolic content parameter. Based on the research, the total phenolic content of cowpea pod aqueous extract higher than cowpea pod coat ethanolic extract.Keywords : Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata); Spectrophotometric UV-Visible; Total phenolic content.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Justicia procumbans leaf

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
MY Agrawal ◽  
◽  
YP Agrawal ◽  
SK Arora ◽  
P Lahange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract

Objective: To perform Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of hydroalcoholic extract Justicia procumbans leaf. Methods: Proximate analysis in terms of ash value, extractive value was performed as per the standard method. Presence of secondary metabolites in the extract of Justicia procumbans was performed through various chemical tests. Folin-Ciocalteu assay method was used to determine total phenolic content and the in-vitro antioxidant activity was investigated in a dose-dependent manner with the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging method. Results: Present studies revealed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of leaf contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, and tannins. Total phenolic content was found to be 79.32±0.02 mg/gm by using the Linear Equation. IC50 value by DPPH and H2O2 methods was found to be 68.83µg/ml and 56.02 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: It has been observed that the plant has high phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Therefore his plant can be the potent source of natural antioxidants as compared to synthetic compounds.

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