scholarly journals Antioxidant enzyme response of medical plant Persian Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) to irrigation with microwaves treated water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
Muthik A Guda ◽  
Sheimmaa J Hadi ◽  
Kasim Kadhim Alasedi ◽  
Faris J Alduhaidahawi ◽  
Laith Saheb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Response

The research, influences of different energy microwaves treated water on the antioxidant enzyme of Trigonella foenum-graecum  (T. foenum ) were studied. The analysis was carried out in 2020 in the laboratories of Ecology Department, College of Science under stable variables such as temperature, humidity, sunlight. The antioxidant enzyme, The catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity in T. foenum (hypocotyl and radical) were measured after twenty days of experiments. Results showed that germination was increased with water energy, and all enzymes activity were increased in low energy treated water gradually but decreased rapidly in high energy treated water. hypocotyl showed a higher response than Radical. (CAT) and (SOD) enzymes activity rises slowly in 30w* until it reaches a peak in 50 w * 120 s then decreases rapidly in 70 w * 150 s and whenever the time of treatments increased the enzyme becomes less effective. Both (APX) and (POD) had the same response but showed an increase in activities at 30W. The results improve that microwaves treated water-induced antioxidant enzyme response in T. foenum. While the specified energy level and duration showed a better growth rate compared to regular watering water. The results of this research serve those interested in developing cultivation and water treatment methods and improving our understanding of T. foenum irrigation behaviour using microwave treated water.

scholarly journals BONE GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION IN SWINE AS INFLUENCED BY LIVEWEIGHT, BREED, SEX, AND RATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. RICHMOND ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Tibia Length ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Individual bones of the skeleton, dissected from one-half of the carcass were weighed and expressed as a percentage of total bone for 23 Duroc × Yorkshire, 42 Hampshire × Yorkshire, and 27 Yorkshire × Yorkshire barrows and gilts fed either low energy (LE) (2757 kcal DE/kg and 15.3% protein) or high energy (HE) (3652 kcal DE/kg and 19.9% protein) rations and slaughtered at either 68, 91, or 114 kg liveweight. To determine bone measurements at the start of the experiment bone data were collected from seven barrows and seven gilts of the same breed groups slaughtered at 23 kg liveweight. The scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna, femur, and tibia bones, in addition to being weighed, were measured to determine length and circumference. Increases in bone length were proportionate to liveweight up to 91 kg, after which growth rate decreased for all measured bones except the humerus. Growth in circumference increased rapidly for all measured bones up to 68 kg liveweight, after which increases were of lesser magnitude. Between 23 and 68 kg liveweight, increases in bone circumference were slightly greater than those in length. Weight for each measured bone increased linearily relative to liveweight. Among breed groups Duroc × Yorkshire pigs had the greatest radius and ulna circumference and Hampshire × Yorkshire the smallest tibia weight (P < 0.05). Gilts had a greater scapula length and weight and a greater femur and tibia length than did barrows (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the low energy ration exceeded those fed the high energy ration in scapula length (19.67 vs. 19.08 cm) and weight (171.52 vs. 157.25 g). Sex-liveweight and sex-ration interactions occurred for femur weight and percent scapula, respectively. Percentage bone in the carcass decreased as liveweight increased but percent bone within the hind and front quarters remained relatively constant after 68 kg liveweight. The influence of breed, sex, and ration on percentages of individual bones were observed only for the scapula, radius, and ulna and sternum and rib cartilage. A decrease in percent thoracic vertebrae and increase in percent ribs and lumbar vertebrae indicated an anterior-posterior pattern of skeletal development. Differentiation in bone distribution appeared to be essentially complete at or before 23 kg liveweight.

Surface ornamentation of the echinoid test and its ecologic significance

Paleobiology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Plate Surface ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Scanning Electron

A scanning electron microscope survey of the regular echinoid test reveals that the outer surface of its component coronal plates may be sculptured with a fine-relief ornament that is species-characteristic for those species presently surveyed. Structural resemblances in surface ornamentation are more marked in species living in similar habitats than in those species that are apparently phyletically related. Plate ornament is related to skeletal magnesium levels. It is tentatively suggested that low growth rate echinoids that inhabit “low-energy” environments (and exhibit low total skeletal magnesium levels) and “high-energy” habitat-exploiting species with high growth rates (and relatively high skeletal magnesium levels) may have differential patterns of plate growth that can be distinguished by the degree of ornamentation of the plate surface.

scholarly journals Biowastes as a Potential Energy Source in Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deodatus Kazawadi ◽  
Justin Ntalikwa ◽  
Godlisten Kombe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Dependency ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

High population and industrialization have brought the need for a reliable and sustainable source of energy and protection of the environment. Although Africa has a low energy consumption capacity (3.4% of the global share in 2019), its high population growth rate and industrialization predict high energy demand in the future. Reliable and available energy resources are required to protect the environment and create energy dependency. Despite Africa’s low energy consumption capacity (3.4% of global consumption in 2019), its rapid population growth rate and industrialization indicate future significant energy demand. The current high production of biowastes with high energy content and their low utilization provides an opportunity for energy dependency, crop value addition, creation of jobs, and protection of the environment. The chapter has identified that the African population of 1.203 billion in 2017 consumed 928 Mtoe of energy and this demand is expected to increase in years to come. The energy mix has been identified to depend on fossil fuels with little consideration of biowastes. The biowaste is reported to contain 20.1 TWh in 2025. Biowaste is currently underutilized, and there are few conversion methods available. Government and non-government investments have been reported to be making efforts to improve bioenergy and biowaste usage. The prevailing challenges have been low proven technologies, poor energy policy, low population knowledge, and poor investments. Biowastes use can be increased when environmental laws and legislation are tightened, energy policy strengthened and enforced, cheap and appropriate technologies are introduced, and the population Education is provided. It is expected that when biowastes are well utilized, energy will be available even in disadvantaged (remote) areas at an affordable price for the developing continent of Africa.

Low energy vs. high energy depositional settings and related sedimentary bodies in early Senenian rudist bearing carbonate shelves (central-southern Italy)

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Carannante ◽  
A. Laviano ◽  
D. Ruberti ◽  
Lucia Simone ◽  
G. Sirna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Depositional Settings

Transportation: Fuel Energies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Journey Time

Transportation efficiency can be measured in terms of the energy needed to move a person or a tonne of freight over a given distance. For passengers, journey time is important, so an equally useful measure is the product of the energy used and the time taken for the journey. Transportation requires storage of energy. Rechargeable systems such as batteries have very low energy densities as compared to fossil fuels. The highest energy densities come from nuclear fuels, although, because of shielding requirements, these are not practical for most forms of transportation. Liquid hydrocarbons represent a nice compromise between high energy density and ease of use.

scholarly journals Low-Energy Electron Damage to Condensed-Phase DNA and Its Constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7879
Author(s):  
Yingxia Gao ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Léon Sanche
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Phase ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Wide Range

The complex physical and chemical reactions between the large number of low-energy (0–30 eV) electrons (LEEs) released by high energy radiation interacting with genetic material can lead to the formation of various DNA lesions such as crosslinks, single strand breaks, base modifications, and cleavage, as well as double strand breaks and other cluster damages. When crosslinks and cluster damages cannot be repaired by the cell, they can cause genetic loss of information, mutations, apoptosis, and promote genomic instability. Through the efforts of many research groups in the past two decades, the study of the interaction between LEEs and DNA under different experimental conditions has unveiled some of the main mechanisms responsible for these damages. In the present review, we focus on experimental investigations in the condensed phase that range from fundamental DNA constituents to oligonucleotides, synthetic duplex DNA, and bacterial (i.e., plasmid) DNA. These targets were irradiated either with LEEs from a monoenergetic-electron or photoelectron source, as sub-monolayer, monolayer, or multilayer films and within clusters or water solutions. Each type of experiment is briefly described, and the observed DNA damages are reported, along with the proposed mechanisms. Defining the role of LEEs within the sequence of events leading to radiobiological lesions contributes to our understanding of the action of radiation on living organisms, over a wide range of initial radiation energies. Applications of the interaction of LEEs with DNA to radiotherapy are briefly summarized.

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