scholarly journals INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR DRIVERS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONFESSIONAL DYNAMICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Владимир Юрьевич Лебедев
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Regional Migration ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Social Analytics ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
History Of

Статья рассматривает разные аспекты процессов конфессиональной динамики на примере российского лютеранства, от предреволюционного периода до сегодняшнего дня. В системных процессах конфессиональной динамики выделяются две большие группы факторов: экстериорные и интериорные. К экстериорным относится прежде всего региональная, географическая миграция, приводящая к наполнению и демографическому перераспределению физического и социального пространства. Из интериорных факторов наиболее подробно рассматриваются процессы самоидентификации, которые, в свою очередь, сочетаются с религиозной идентификацией, для чего используется идентификационная модель, предъявленная обществу и закрепленная в социальной памяти. Отсутствие или размывание этой модели приводит к изменениям личной идентичности или затруднениям в ее определении. Сдвиги в коллективной идентичности современного российского лютеранства (фактические - например, ритуальные, или декларативные) ведут к идентфикационным сдвигам индивидуального плана. Прогностические возможности социальной аналитики в сфере религии подразумевают навыки системного анализа религии и религиозной ситуации. The paper examines various aspects of confessional dynamics through the history of Russian Lutheran Church from the prerevolutionary period to the present. The systemic processes of confessional dynamics rest on two major groups of factors: exterior and interior. Regional migration is the primary exterior factor bringing about the populating and demographic reshaping of physical and social fields. Processes of self-identification combined with religious identification are examined as the most influential interior factors. The identificational pattern is embedded in society and social memory. Personal identification can be diverted or complicated in absence or dilution of such a pattern. Diversions in the collective identity of the contemporary Russian Lutheran congregation (such as ritual or declarative) lead to identity diversions on an individual level. Prognostic potential of social analytics in religious sphere involves systemic analysis of religion and religious situation.

scholarly journals Natural History of NAFLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Raluca Pais ◽  
Thomas Maurel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The epidemiology and the current burden of chronic liver disease are changing globally, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) becoming the most frequent cause of liver disease in close relationship with the global epidemics of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The clinical phenotypes of NAFLD are very heterogeneous in relationship with multiple pathways involved in the disease progression. In the absence of a specific treatment for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), it is important to understand the natural history of the disease, to identify and to optimize the control of factors that are involved in disease progression. In this paper we propose a critical analysis of factors that are involved in the progression of the liver damage and the occurrence of extra-hepatic complications (cardiovascular diseases, extra hepatic cancer) in patients with NAFLD. We also briefly discuss the impact of the heterogeneity of the clinical phenotype of NAFLD on the clinical practice globally and at the individual level.

Correlates of Medical Mistrust Among Minority Women at Risk for HIV and Their Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812098678
Author(s):  
Laura M. Johnson ◽  
Harold D. Green ◽  
Brandon Koch ◽  
Robert Harding ◽  
Jamila K. Stockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Egocentric Network ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men

Background Medical mistrust is a barrier to engaging in HIV prevention and treatment, including testing and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Research often focuses on how race and experiences of discrimination relate to medical mistrust, overlooking the role that other characteristics may play (e.g., history of physical abuse, diagnosis of mental illness). Furthermore, studies are often restricted to samples of men who have sex with men and findings may not generalize to other at-risk groups. Aims The current study explores a range of demographic, cognitive, behavioral, and social network correlates of medical mistrust. Method This study employed an egocentric network design among a racially diverse sample of at-risk women and women in their social networks ( n = 165). Results Results from multivariable linear regressions stratified by race (Black vs. others) indicate that medical mistrust is associated with both individual-level and network-level characteristics. Across both groups, age and experiences of racial discrimination were associated with higher medical mistrust. Having a regular sex partner and having a higher proportion of network members who are family was significantly associated with medical mistrust among non-Black women. Discussion Individual-level and network-level variables were significantly associated with medical mistrust. Therefore, interventions that attempt to mitigate medical mistrust as a barrier to HIV prevention and treatment should consider how mistrust may be related to characteristics of individuals and broader contexts. Conclusion Health interventions may benefit from conceiving of medical mistrust as a complex, rational response to cumulative discriminatory life experiences and a reflection of the networks within which individuals are embedded.

Willingness to Pay and Disposition Toward Paying for Apps

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Furner ◽  
Robert Zinko
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Uncertainty Reduction Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
History Of

This article describes how mobile application adoption is growing dramatically. However, only a small proportion of mobile apps are paid for. This leads to the question: which factors dispose an individual to be willing to pay for an app? Using uncertainty reduction theory as a framework, along with transaction cost economics, this study considers several individual level, app and app review characteristics which may influence willingness to pay. An experiment is conducted using a mobile application marketplace simulator and 4 application reviews are developed which vary in terms of information quality and app utility. Also measured are several individual characteristics. Findings suggest that individuals who have a disposition toward paying for apps and those who score low in terms of mobile computing self-efficacy are willing to pay more for apps. Also, individuals are willing to pay more for hedonic apps than utilitarian apps. Finally, there is a positive relationship between both history of paying for apps and trusting disposition on disposition toward paying for apps.

Space and Identity in Martinique: Towards a New Reading of the Spatial History of the Peasantry

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chivallon
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Social Group ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
Real Process ◽  
History Of

Unlike research in the Anglophone West Indies, research in the French West Indies has only very recently developed the idea of the existence of a peasant social group in the plantation societies of Guadeloupe and Martinique. The fragility and instability of the collective identity in the French West Indies has served as a principal argument to support the view that the group is not a peasantry but a mere by-product of the plantation system. The idea of the absence of a real process of taking control of space or of a sort of intimate history with space occurs in some writings to explain this weakness of collective sense. Far from refuting the argument which firmly links the identity question to that of space, I shall reinforce it but in order to show that, on the contrary, there arc good grounds for affirming the existence, in the case of the peasant group in Martinique, of an original social experience in which space is strongly mobilised. In doing this, my intention is also to add weight to a theoretical point of view which shows the strength of the ties between space and identity, given that the peasant world in Martinique provides a paradigmatic example of the undeniable power of these ties.

Little Dorrit

2018 ◽  
pp. 244-259
Author(s):  
Francesca Orestano
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Visual Studies ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Enquiry ◽  
Narrative Function

By dwelling first on the ‘faults’, then on the ‘excellencies’ remarked by reviewers and critics of Little Dorrit, this chapter also traces the history of that novel’s critical reception as it evolved from a close focus on contemporary politics and economics toward a study of the writer’s Hogarthian skill at building a visual satire. Subsequently the characters’ psychology as well as Dickens’s became the object of critical enquiry. When visual studies brought to the fore the import of perception and its narrative function, another area of investigation opened, in this chapter specifically connected with, and culturally encoded in, the technique of the stereoscope and the scientific notion of the binocularity of vision. Implemented by Dickens in the construction of Little Dorrit, this notion allows for a further critical reading of the novel as lieu de mémoire where real and imagined imprisonments, inscribed in history, also conjure the scene where cultural memory rewrites individual and collective identity in the present.

scholarly journals Predicting time to dementia using a quantitative template of disease progression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilgel Murat ◽  
Bruno M. Jedynak
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Longitudinal Biomarker ◽  
T Tau ◽  
Dementia Onset

AbstractIntroductionCharacterization of longitudinal trajectories of biomarkers implicated in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in decades prior to clinical diagnosis is important for disease prevention and monitoring.MethodsWe used a multivariate Bayesian model to temporally align 1369 AD Neuroimaging Initiative participants based on the similarity of their longitudinal biomarker measures and estimated a quantitative template of the temporal evolution cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42, p-tau181p, and t-tau, hippocampal volume, brain glucose metabolism, and cognitive measurements. We computed biomarker trajectories as a function of time to AD dementia, and predicted AD dementia onset age in a disjoint sample.ResultsQuantitative template showed early changes in verbal memory, CSF Aβ1-42 and p-tau181p, and hippocampal volume. Mean error in predicted AD dementia onset age was < 1.5 years.DiscussionOur method provides a quantitative approach for characterizing the natural history of AD starting at preclinical stages despite the lack of individual-level longitudinal data spanning the entire disease timeline.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Reciprocities and Tensions between Migrants and Native Moluccas in the Post Reformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Hatib Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sectarian Conflict ◽  
Migrant Groups

The research subject of this paper focuses on the Butonese, who are considered “outside” the local culture, despite having lived in the Moluccas islands of Indonesia for more than a hundred years. The Butonese compose the largest group of migrants to the Moluccas. This article research does not put ethnicity into a fixed, classified group of a population; rather, the research explores ethnicity as a living category in which individuals within ethnic groups also have opportunities for social mobility and who struggle for citizenship. The Butonese has a long history of being considered “subaltern citizens” or have frequently been an excluded community in post-colonial societies. They lack rights to land ownership and bureaucratic access. This article argues that Indonesian democracy has bred opposition between indigenous and migrant groups because, after the Reformation Era, migrants, as a minority, began to participate in popular politics to express themselves and make up their rights as “citizens”. Under the condition of democratic political participation, the Butonese found a way to mobilize their collective identity in order to claim the benefits of various governmental programs. Thus, this paper is about the contentiousness of how the rural Butonese migrants gained advantageous social and political status in the aftermath of the sectarian conflict between 1999 to 2003. Migrant’s ability to express their grievance in a constructive way through the politics of their representatives and state government policies have led to the new contentious issues between indigenous and migrant populations.  

scholarly journals Modelling the HIV-Associated TB Epidemic and the Impact of Interventions Aimed at Epidemic Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-55
Author(s):  
P. J. Dodd ◽  
C. Pretorius ◽  
B. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Explicit Representation ◽  
Epidemic Control ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Tuberculosis Epidemiology ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In this chapter, we focus on mathematical models of tuberculosis epidemiology (TB) that include interactions with HIV and an explicit representation of transmission. We review the natural history of TB and illustrate how its features are simplified and incorporated in mathematical models. We then review the ways HIV influences the natural history of TB, the interventions that have been considered in models, and the way these individual-level effects are represented in models. We then go on to consider population-level effects, reviewing the TB/HIV modelling literature. We first review studies whose focus was on purely epidemiological modelling, and then studies whose focus was on modelling the impact of interventions. We conclude with a summary of the uses and achievements of TB/HIV modelling and some suggested future directions.

Cybercrime: Thieves, Swindlers, Bandits, and Privateers in Cyberspace

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-108
Author(s):  
Roderic Broadhurst
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross National

This chapter describes the definitions and scope of cybercrime including an outline of the history of hackers and the role of criminal networks and markets in the dissemination of malicious software and other contraband such as illicit drugs, stolen credit cards and personal identification, firearms, and criminal services. Different cybercrime types and methods are described, including the widespread use of ‘social engineering’ or deception in computer misuse and identity theft. The challenges facing law enforcement in the suppression of cybercrime and the important role of private and public partnerships, as well as cross-national cooperation in the suppression of cybercrime is illustrated.

Shared Mental Models of the Late Soviet Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Sharafutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Shared Mental Models ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
Group Members

This chapter advances a conceptualization of collective identity as a set of shared cognitive structures (or mental models) about the collective self. Below I argue that the Soviet Union was successful in instilling a Soviet collective identity and that the two main mental models that constituted this identity were a sense of Soviet exceptionalism and a sense of the Soviet state being surrounded by the enemy. These shared mental models represented important pillars supporting individual-level dignity and self-esteem for many Soviet citizens as well as a source of their perceptions of in-group and out-group members. Empirical findings from Yuri Levada’s “simple Soviet person” project and a variety of secondary data are used to support the central claims of this chapter.

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