scholarly journals CITRA PEREMPUAN DALAM NOVEL PEREMPUAN KEMBANG JEPUN KARYA LAN FANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Anisa Fajriana Oktasari
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Beautiful Woman ◽  
Feminism Theory

Peneliti tertarik meneliti masalah perempuan dalam novel karya Lan Fang, karena perempuan-perempuan yang ditampilkan dalam novel-novel karya Lan Fang memiliki bermacam kepribadian. Bermacam kepribadian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh budaya atau latar yang berbeda-beda, antara lain Cina, Dayak, dan Jawa. Ketiga latar yang berbeda tersebut merupakan ciri dari pengarang Lan Fang sendiri. Peneliti mengambil novel yang berjudul Perempuan Kembang Jepun untuk mengetahui sejauh mana Lan Fang memandang dan menilai sosok perempuan dari sudut pandang Lan Fang sendiri. Penelitian ini memiliki rumusan masalah yaitu: bagaimanakah citra perempuan dalam novel Perempuan Kembang Jepun karya Lan Fang. Teori yang mendukung dalam penelitian ini adalah teori feminisme. Teori ini untuk menganalisis masalah tokoh perempuan dan perwatakannya, peran dan sikap tokoh perempuan, dan citra perempuan dalam kelima novel Perempuan Kembang Jepun karya Lan Fang tersebut. Tokoh perempuan yang digambarkan dalam penelitian ini banyak menggambarkan sosok perempuan modern yaitu mandiri, berpendidikan, berwawasan luas, memiliki pandangan tentang hidupnya. Di balik itu semua ada beberapa tokoh dalam novel karya Lan Fang yang memperlihatkan sosok perempuan tradisioanal dan bagaimana perempuan ini menyelesaikan perjalanan hidupnya dengan cara pandangnya sendiri. Citra perempuan yang ditampilkan dalam novel Perempuan Kembang Jepun karya Lan Fang banyak yang menekankan pada kehidupan mandiri dengan tetap memegang peranannya sebagai partner laki-laki, ada beberapa perlawanan di dalamnya dan sedikit kebencian terhadap laki-laki. Namun, terlihat jelas citra perempuan yang ditampilkan Lan Fang tetap pada koridor perempuan di belakang laki-laki.Kata kunci: citra perempuan, novel Lan Fang, feminisme.The writer is interested in observing the woman’s problem in Lan Fang’s novel. The women which are displayed in the se novels have various characters. it happens because of the different background of their cultures and settings such as China, it self Dayak, and Java. These are the uniqueness of Lan Fang her self. The writer take Lan Fang’s novel with the title Perempuan Kembang Jepun in order  to find out Lan Fang judgement and point of view about woman. The writer has research question they are, how is the image in Lan Fang’s novels. The research is supported by feminism theory. The writer takes feminism theory from Tong and Ilyas, because it is the most appropriate to the Lan Fang’s novel. This theory is used to analyze the woman’s problem and her character, her attitude and her role as shows on Perempuan Kembang Jepun novel. The woman’s character which is described on this research take many description on the modern an ideal figure woman such as independence, educated, smart, has a view in her life. Beyond those explanation, there are some character on Lan Fang’s novels that show a traditional figure of woman and how woman get through, with own her point of view. Not only that, there figure are also a woman who hates men and vice versa, a woman who need men. The woman’s image which is showed on Perempuan Kembang Jepun described as beautiful woman, modern, and independence. Beside that there are some women which are despised them selves dignity. She overcomes suffering until she could reach her happiness. There is also a character who emphasized on independence life and keep holding on herrole as men’s partner, and vice versa. A character who against men, all of woman’s character from men needed until men hatred.Key Word: Women’s Image, Lan Fang’s novel, feminism

Human Resources, Management Control, and Culture, an Exploratory Study of Indonesia's SME

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-93
Author(s):  
Marko S Hermawan ◽  
Burhanudin Burhanudin ◽  
Nurianna Thoha ◽  
Irene Oscarin
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Company Strategy ◽  
Human Quality ◽  
Professional Capacity ◽  
Process Controls

This paper investigates the SME's management control, human resources, and cultural context in Indonesia. These perspectives come into 2 (two) themes; Professional Capacity and Company Strategy. Most SMEs show a struggle in developing human quality and in particular, Indonesia's SMEs, also lack process controls due to their beliefs and cultures. Nonetheless, despite the positive impacts for the business sustainability that previous researchers have found, the implementation of MCS still has not been adequately done by the SME due to their several limitations. Thus, this paper aims to analyze a company perspective regarding the MCS implementation, specifically in the new phenomenon related to the contingent factors that arise from company issues and challenges using a case study from a clothing manufacturing company. The research question proposes for this research study is "How does Indonesia's SME implement its management control within limited resources and local culture?" Keywords: management control system, SME, contingency-based research, SME Point of View, Business Issues, MCS strategy

Interviews

2019 ◽  
pp. 250-267
Author(s):  
Craig M. Klugman
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Question Type ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Health Humanities ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Interview Studies

Interviewing is a means of engaging an individual in dialogue to reflect upon and share his or her life experience. For health humanities, this method accesses the lived reality of patients and healthcare providers. Asking people to share their personal narratives can allow for emic—from the subject’s perspective—and etic—from the researcher’s point of view—interpretation. Health humanities interviews consist of six steps: define the research question, design the interview, apply for Institutional Review Board approval, conduct the interviews, analyze the data, and distribute the findings. This chapter examines best practices for conducting interview studies including format (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), question type (closed- or open-ended), sampling (convenience, snowball), and notetaking. The author uses a study on collecting death histories to demonstrate this process and how to apply narrative, thematic, and frequency analyses.

scholarly journals Female-Owned Innovative Startups in Italy: Status Quo and Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Paoloni ◽  
Giuseppe Modaffari
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Main Factors

The aim of the paper is to provide an overview of the current literature of this business phenomenon with regard to gender studies and to point out what is substantially happening and what has happened in the Italian economic context. The main research questions were RQ1: How is the phenomenon of female Startups treated from a scientific point of view? RQ2: Which is the Italian situation of this phenomenon? The methodology used is both qualitative and explorative. A bidirectional analysis has been carried out for this purpose. In order to expand the first research question (RQ1), an analysis was carried out of the articles in the EBSCO database on the topic of female startups. In order to expand the second question (RQ2), an analysis was carried out on the data concerning the phenomenon of female startups, using the register of companies held at the Chambers of Commerce which were territorially competent. Our research, carried out within the Italian economic context, demonstrates how the phenomenon of Woman Startups (WSU), even if it is widely expanding, is inherent in all the typical elements of female entrepreneurship, as reported in the literature by gender scholars. The main factors that emerge for the WSU are the small size and the undercapitalization in the startup phase. This work contributes to the expansion of studies on the topic of startups in the context of gender and can be useful to the social context, new entrepreneurs, and practitioners of the sector.

Methodologische en Praktische Moeilijkheden bij Het Onderzoek Naar De Verwerving Van Het Nederlands Door Volwassen Buitenlanders

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Jan H. Hulstijn
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Linguistic System ◽  
Reproduction Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Reproduction Tests

In the first and second section of this paper some methodological topics in the study of interlanguage (IL) and error analysis are discussed. The author adheres to Adjemian's point of view (1976): any interlanguage is a natural language and contains a linguistic system. Its systematicity is therefore given a priori. However, not all utterances of an IL speaker might be consistent: some rules of the system might be unstable over a certain period of time. Research would have to show what performance strategies (like simplification) influence the stability of the system, in other words in what way the consistency of the system is permeable. In the third section a preliminary study is presented dealing with the topic of inconsistency in IL. The research question was: to what extent can the inconsistency in the learners' utterances be accounted for by distinguishing different kinds of performance? To nineteen adult foreigners in Holland, with 15 different mother tongues, all partici-pating in an intensive Dutch course for beginners, eight tests ^licitation procedures) were administered: two reproduction tests, four production tests and two "intuition tests" (see table I). Eight rules of Dutch syntax and morfology were tested, (table II). Results show that: (a) if someone makes one or more errors with a particular rule in a reproduction test, he will make one or more errors with the same rule in a production test and an intuition test as well: the reverse is not true; (b) if someone makes one or more errors with a particular rule in a production test, he will make one or more errors with the same rule in an intuition test as well; the reverse is not true; (c) the overlap in errors/correct forms was greatest with both repro-duction tests. Of the production tests translation and the anagram test were almost equally representative for the four tests. Finally, there was no congruence between both "intuition tests", the sentence correc-tion test yielding consistently more errors (for all eight rules) than the multiple choice test.

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative approaches in health research/Abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa nas pesquisas em saúde/Enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo en la investigación sanitaria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Khelyane Mesquita Carvalho ◽  
Cynthia Roberta Dias Torres ◽  
Edina Araújo Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Alyne Leal de Alencar Luz ◽  
Claudete Ferreira de Souza Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Investigative Techniques ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Objective: To think about the quantitative and qualitative approaches in health research. Because it is an issue that concerns and beyond the field of health research. Method: This is reflective critical analysis. Results: From the reflection on the inconsistent opposition that is made of research methods, highlights the importance of each method for the instrumentation of the various objects of study, pointing to their use in a complementary way, which provides the visualization of objects of study under the various prisms. Conclusion: The theoretical and methodological approaches are sometimes presented in different and opposite way, resulting in the idea of incompatibility between the methods. However, from a methodological point of view, qualitative and quantitative investigations have not contradictory or continuous, but of different nature so that the researcher should not choose between one method or another, but implement the approaches that suit to your research question. Descriptors: Qualitative research. Quantitative analysis. Investigative techniques.

Morphosyntaktische Variation in Verbalkomplexen des Verbs lassen und der Modalverben im Infinitiv II. Eine Analyse aus der Perspektive von Zentrum und Peripherie

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-134
Author(s):  
Vít Dovalil
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Functional Equivalency ◽  
Verb Clusters ◽  
Prague School ◽  
Auxiliary Verb

Abstract This paper deals with a morphosyntactic variable of German verb clusters containing a full verb and an infinitive perfect of the verb lassen or of modal verbs (gelassen haben, gekonnt haben). The corpus-based analysis draws upon the concept of center and periphery as it was developed by the Prague School. The main research question underpinning the synchronic analysis concentrates on the use of the IPP (infinitivus pro participio equivalent to the German term Ersatzinfinitiv) and the word order of the auxiliary verb within the cluster. In total, there is empirical evidence for four variants in which this variable is realized. Two of them fully correspond to the system of German infinitive constructions (full verb + gelassen/gekonnt haben, or haben + full verb + IPP lassen/können). However, these systemic constructions are used (much) less frequently in contemporary written German than the other two constructions (past participle of full verb + haben + lassen/können, or full verb + haben lassen/können). Whereas the former ones can be counted to the center of the German infinitive system from the structural point of view, the latter ones are classified as peripheral, because they are not derivable from the rules of this system. In spite of that, the paper explores one of identifiable epicenters within the periphery of the system, arguing with the highest frequency and further regularities of the third type of the construction (past particple of full verb + haben + lassen/können). The structural analysis takes the functional equivalency of subordinate clauses and the corresponding infinitive constructions into consideration. This contributes to better clarification of both morphology and word order of the elements creating the analyzed verb clusters.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING REGIONAL EFFECTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROARCH FOR COPING STRATEGIES - CASE STUDY AT RURAL VILLAGE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3 ◽  
pp. 2135-2140
Author(s):  
M. Yoshimura ◽  
M. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Subsistence Farmers ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Topographic Positions

This paper describes on understanding the regional effects on global climate change and subsistence farmers’ coping strategies through our field investigation and multidimensional data analysis from the resilience point of view. The major research question of this study is to understand what actions villagers took as the coping strategy against the heavy rainfall shock caused by climate change. Our research interest is how geospatial information technique can contribute to this research question. The study area is located in Sinazongwe district, Southern province of Zambia. As for the field investigation, we set the study sites A, B and C where are located in the lower terrace, middle escarpment and upper terrace, respectively. In the rainy season of 2007/2008, our study site had a heavy rainfall and many crop fields were damaged. In this crop year, the annual rainfalls in site A and C were 1442 mm/year and 1332 mm/year respectively. This is about two times different with the long term average of rainfall 694.9 mm/year in Sinazongwe district. It is confirmed that approximately 20 % of crop fields were damaged by heavy rainfall through our field investigation. It was so severe negative consequences for all of villages because about 80 % of whole damaged crop fields were maize fields. Maize is staple food in this region. Here, we have analysed and discussed how villagers cope from the serious damage of crops. The maize harvest varies every year depending on rainfall and topographic position. If a farmer possesses maize fields at various topographic positions, they can avoid severe negative consequences of climate variability such as drought or heavy rainfall. However, not all farmers have access to fields at various topographic positions. It is important to know where each household’s characteristics when we consider their strategy of livelihood for climate variabilities. Through this study, we confirmed the way to strengthen resilience of subsistence farmers as follows: it is necessary to prepare variable crops and emergency food stock with not only diverse but also composite social institution. The resilient society seems to be the society with insurance such as adaptation ability against environmental shock caused by climate change. From the agricultural production point of view, both diversity and yield ability are also important.

scholarly journals Using a Sport Event to Create a Sense of Community: Charity Sport Event Manager Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Ebe Daigo ◽  
Kevin Filo
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Sport Event ◽  
Online Discussion Forums ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Event Managers

Charity sport events not only involve completing the activity, but also the opportunity to bring people together. A variety of research has examined charity sport events' capacity to foster a sense of community from the participant point of view. The current research examines sense of community within charity sport events from the event management perspective and advances the following research question: What do charity sport event managers feel they have put in place to create sense of community among participants? To address this research question, qualitative data were collected via interviews with 15 charity sport event managers in Japan. An interview guide comprised of six demographic questions, along with nine questions based upon the sense of community in sport framework was utilized. Five themes were identified within the interviews: charitable contribution, soliciting feedback from participants, interactive event environment, supplementary activities, and lack of competition. Two themes from the sense of community in sport framework that did not emerge across the interviews underscore opportunity for event managers to leverage mobile applications and online discussion forums to engage participant's shared interest in sport, as well as enlist leaders among event participants to serve as advocates. Based on the current results, future research can include managers from the designated charities aligned with events to assess whether the sense of community created within these events leads to long-term benefits for the organization.

Governance Structures for IT in the Health Care Industry

2011 ◽  
pp. 357-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reima Suomi ◽  
Jarmo Tahkapaa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Health Care Industry ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Care Industry ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Information And Communication

In this chapter we bind together three elements: governance structures, the health care industry and modern information and communication technology (ICT). Our hypothesis is that modern ICT has even more than before made the concept and operation of the governance structures important. ICT supports some governance structures in health care better than others, and ICT itself needs governing. Our research question also is: which kinds of governance structures in health care are supported and needed by modern ICT? Our chapter should be of primary interest for Health Care professionals. They should be given a new, partly revolutionary point of view to their own industry. For parties discussing governance structure issues in Health Care, the chapter should give a lot of support for argumentation and thinking. The models and conclusions should be extendable to other industries too. For academic researchers in Governance Structure and IT issues, the chapter should contain an interesting industry case.

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitude of College Students Majoring in Landscape Architecture towards the Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5464
Author(s):  
Soyoung Han ◽  
Yoonku Kwon
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Latent Classes ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Interdisciplinary Courses

Reflecting the interest in sustainable development (SD), researches on the attitude toward SD have been steadily conducted for various groups. To explore the characteristics of awareness and attitude of college students majoring in landscape architecture towards the concept of SD, this study has two research questions; to analysis latent classes according to the learning participation pattern (research question 1), and to explore student characteristics that influence the classification of each classes (research question 2). The latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the combination of relationships found in the classes based on similar patterns among the characteristics of people rather than the relationship between observed variables. A total of 495 students majoring in landscape architecture, 222 males and 275 females, are participated in this study. The results of this study are as follows. First, six latent classes were extracted in relation to attitudes toward SD. Second, college students majoring in landscape architecture tend to view the concept of SD from an ‘environmental’ and ‘environmental and economic harmony’ point of view rather than from an ‘environmental, social, and economic’ point of view. Third, grades and educational experiences were found to have a significant effect on the probability of belonging to a specific latent class for SD. Finally, based on these results, we suggest a method for organizing interdisciplinary courses to comprehensively access the ‘environmental, social and economic’ areas of the curriculum.

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