scholarly journals A Practical Guide to Using Digital Games as an Experiment Stimulus

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Järvelä ◽  
Inger Ekman ◽  
J. Matias Kivikangas ◽  
Niklas Ravaja
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Data Segmentation ◽  
Rich Media

Digital games offer rich media content and engaging action, accessible individually or in groups collaborating or competing against each other. This makes them promising for use as a stimulus in research settings. This paper examines the advantages and challenges of using games in experimental research with particular focus on strict stimulus control through the following four areas: (1) matching and regulating task type, (2) data segmentation and event coding, (3) compatibility between participants, and (4) planning and conducting data collection. This contribution provides a breakdown of the steps necessary for using a digital game in experimental studies, along with a checklist for researchers illustrating variables that potentially affect the reliability and validity of experiments. We also offer a study example to illustrate how these considerations apply to practice. The aim is to provide support to researchers planning and conducting empirical experiments involving games, and also to those evaluating the works of others.

Mechanisms underlying heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The prevalence of heart failure is markedly increased in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Numerous observational studies suggest that this increased risk for heart failure can be attributed to exacerbated vascular complications and the presence of increased risk factors in diabetic subjects. In addition, experimental studies revealed the presence of a number of distinct molecular alterations in the myocardium that occur independently of vascular disease and hypertension. Many of these molecular alterations are similarly observed in failing hearts of nondiabetic patients and have thus been proposed to contribute to the increased risk for heart failure in diabetes. The interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of impaired cardio- vascular outcomes in diabetic individuals has much increased since the demonstration of cardioprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in recent clinical trials. The current review therefore summarizes the distinct mechanisms that have been proposed to increase the risk for heart failure in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Type 2 Diabetes and Dyslipidemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
María Aguilar-Ballester ◽  
Gema Hurtado-Genovés ◽  
Alida Taberner-Cortés ◽  
Andrea Herrero-Cervera ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Hervás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Relevant Parameter

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is the clinical manifestation of the atherosclerosis. Elevated LDL-cholesterol levels are the first line of therapy but the increasing prevalence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has positioned the cardiometabolic risk as the most relevant parameter for treatment. Therefore, the control of this risk, characterized by dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance, has become a major goal in many experimental and clinical studies in the context of CVD. In the present review, we summarized experimental studies and clinical trials of recent anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering therapies targeted to reduce CVD. Specifically, incretin-based therapies, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, and proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 inactivating therapies are described. Moreover, the novel molecular mechanisms explaining the CVD protection of the drugs reviewed here indicate major effects on vascular cells, inflammatory cells, and cardiomyocytes, beyond their expected anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering control. The revealed key mechanism is a prevention of acute cardiovascular events by restraining atherosclerosis at early stages, with decreased leukocyte adhesion, recruitment, and foam cell formation, and increased plaque stability and diminished necrotic core in advanced plaques. These emergent cardiometabolic therapies have a promising future to reduce CVD burden.

scholarly journals To Focus or Not to Focus: Is Attention on the Core Components of Action Beneficial for Cycling Performance?

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Bertollo ◽  
Selenia di Fronso ◽  
Edson Filho ◽  
Vito Lamberti ◽  
Patrizio Ripari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Type 3

We conducted a counterbalanced repeated measure trial to investigate the effect of different internal and external associative strategies on endurance performance. Seventeen college-aged students were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions to test the notion that different attention-performance types (optimal Type 1, functional Type 2, and dysfunctional Type 3) would influence endurance time on a cycling task. Specifically, Type 1 represented an effortless and automatic, “flow-feeling” attentional mode. Type 2 referred to an associative focus directed at core components of the task. Type 3 represented an attentional focus directed at irrelevant components of the task. Participants completed three time-to-exhaustion-tests while reporting their perceived exertion and affective states (arousal and hedonic tone). Results revealed that Type 1 and Type 2 attentional strategies, compared with Type 3 strategy, exerted functional effects on performance, whereas a Type 3 strategy was linked to lower performance, and lower levels of arousal and pleasantness. Applied implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The ePedsQLTM in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Feasibility, reliability, and validity of the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM Internet administration

Diabetes Care ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Varni ◽  
C. A. Limbers ◽  
T. M. Burwinkle ◽  
W. P. Bryant ◽  
D. P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Reliability And Validity

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Daiji Kawanami ◽  
Yuichi Takashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi ◽  
Ryoko Motonaga ◽  
Makito Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by inhibiting degradation of incretins. DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protein with exopeptidase activity that exists in cell membrane-bound and soluble forms. It has been shown that an increased renal DPP-4 activity is associated with the development of DKD. A series of clinical and experimental studies showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have beneficial effects on DKD, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress properties. In this review article, we highlight the current understanding of the clinical efficacy and the mechanisms underlying renoprotection by DPP-4 inhibitors under diabetic conditions.

Results of an experimental study of hydrogel drainage containing ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
I.I. Khusnitdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies

Purpose. Еxperimental substantiation of the effectiveness of biocompatible biodegradable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan succinate as a carrier of ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations. Material and methods. Hydrogel drainage (HD) was obtained immediately before surgery. A solution of ranibizumab (0.23 ml) was mixed with a solution of hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (0.5 ml), then a solution of chitosan succinate (0.5 ml) was added. Experimental studies were performed in 12 (12 eyes) healthy rabbits. The first group consisted of 6 eyes – 0.187 ml of ranibizumab per 1 ml of gel. In the control group, HD was used intraoperatively without the addition of ranibizumab (6 eyes). Morphological studies were performed on 7th, 21st, and 42nd days. Results. In experimental studies in vitro and in vivo, it was proved that ranibizumab, administered as a part of 0.1 ml of hydrogel drainage in the antiglaucoma surgery area is released within 3 weeks and suppresses vascularization, scarring of the operating area, and preserves the intrascleral cavity. The optimal concentration of ranibizumab was selected-0.02 ml in 0.1 ml of gel. Conclusion. The safety and effectiveness of the use of hydrogel drainage with ranibizumab based on hyaluronic acid dialdehyde and chitosan succinate in anti-glaucoma operations has been proven. Key words: experimental research, hydrogel drainage, ranibizumab, glaucoma surgery.

scholarly journals Validity of a frustration-induction procedure

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Henna ◽  
Monica L Zilberman ◽  
Valentim Gentil ◽  
Clarice Gorenstein
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Induction Procedure ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVE: To test a reliable and easily administered frustration-induction procedure for experimental research. METHOD: One hundred volunteers (81 women, mean age ± SD 34.2 ± 8 years) physically and psychiatrically healthy submitted to the frustration induction procedure were prevented from reaching reward level scores. Subjective aggressiveness feelings related to frustration were self-rated in a 13-item visual analogue scale before and after the procedure. RESULTS: Significant increases in aggressiveness-related feelings were detected in 12 of the 13 items. This was consistent with the observed overt behavior of the subjects during the task. CONCLUSIONS: The frustration-induction procedure is a simple, easy to administer frustration-induction procedure that can be used in experimental studies in normal subjects.

scholarly journals Construcción de un instrumento de evaluación de la convivencia en aulas de secundaria interculturales / Construction of an Instrument to Assess the Coexistence in Intercultural Secondary Classrooms

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Olmedo Moreno ◽  
Eva Aguaded Ramírez ◽  
Emilio Berrocal de Luna ◽  
Leonor Buendía Eisman ◽  
Marcelo Carmona Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Secondary Classrooms ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Problematic Situations

ABSTRACTIn this work we have built an instrument, under technical requirements, whose application and corresponding data collection allows us to take objective decisions on the phenomenon studied. It is, to know what are those strategies, relationships and situations that due to ignorance or mismanagement by staff and students became problematic situations generating a high number of conflicts in the classroom. When there is a high demand from different educational agents involved to avoid and work to resolve positively them. The construction of the instrument, to collect such information, has required thoroughness, adaptability to the context, validity and reliability, as well as considering psychometric characteristics that enable better and more accurate use of the measures it provides. In this procedure, as indicated Muñiz (2010) is taken into consideration the theoretical and metrics principles that maximize the validity of the inferences obtained from the use of the instrument. In fact, the validation of the test has begun before the empirical development of it, considering psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity, are essential in the construction of measuring instruments.RESUMENEn este trabajo hemos construido un instrumento, que responda a las exigencias técnicas y cuya aplicación y correspondiente obtención de datos nos permita la toma de decisiones objetivas sobre el fenómeno estudiado. Esto es, cono-cer cuáles son aquellas estrategias, relaciones, situaciones, entre otras, que por desconocimiento o mala gestión del profeso-rado y alumnado, han desembocado en situaciones problemáticas, que generan un elevado número de conflictos en el aula, ya que existe una alta demanda desde los diferentes agentes educativos implicados, para evitarlos o solucionarlos de manera positiva. La construcción del instrumento, para recoger dicha información, ha requerido de rigurosidad, adaptabilidad al contexto, validez y fiabilidad; características psicométricas que permiten una mejor y más exacta utilización de las medidas que proporciona. En el proceso seguido, como indica Muñiz (2010), se ha tenido en consideración los principios teóricos y métricos que permiten maximizarla validez de las inferencias hechas a partir del instrumento utilizado. De hecho, la valida-ción de la prueba ha comenzado antes dela elaboración empírica del mismo. Considerando que las dos características psicométricas: Fiabilidad y validez son indispensables en la construcción de instrumentos de medida. Contacto principal: [email protected]

scholarly journals School Physics Assistance Learning using the TAI (Team Assisted Individualization) Model: Analysis of Student Evaluation Capabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Umi Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Student Evaluation ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Placement Tests ◽  
Teacher Students ◽  
Partner Schools

The ability of prospective teacher students obtained in lectures needs to be developed to be applied in learning in schools. One of them is by applying the TAI learning model. The application of the TAI (Team AssistedIndividualization) learning model is implemented to analyze the student's evaluation ability in the implementation of school assistance and and to add to the experience of students in the real field. This effort was carried out with four stages of TAI namely Teams, Placement Tests, Student Creative, and Teaching Group. At each stage of the TAI model, students provide a description and analysis in the form of activity reports and presentations. The research conducted is a description of collaborating with experimental research, one-shot case study research on students of physics level 5 and data collection techniques with observation and interviews.The results showed that students had the highest ability to evaluate the ability to provide solutions to the obstacles found in partner schools and the lowest ability to find a settlement procedure that was suitable for the scope of the implementation of school assistance.

scholarly journals Experimental research on processing incomplete spherical surfaces of machine parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Andrei Katunin ◽  
Mikhail Burnashov ◽  
Anton Tryastsin ◽  
Alexander Edapin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Ball Joints

Improving the durability and reliability of such components as ball joints of cars is very important. The article presents experimental studies to determine surface roughness of incomplete spherical surfaces of machine parts.

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