Relationship Between Post-Pubertal Mumps Infection In Males With Infertilityand  Its Effect on The Result of Seminal Fluid Analysis and Occurrence of Immunological Infertility

Background: Mumps caused by paramyxovirus in the same group as parainfluenza and Newcastle disease virus, orchitis is the widely recognized complication in post-pubertal males. Approximately 50% of patients with orchitis have some degree of testicular atrophy, but sterility is rare. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of the post-pubertal mumps infection on the result of seminal fluid analysis and to know if infection by mumps after puberty can lead to immunological infertility and production of anti-sperm antibodies. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 300 infertile males attending microbiology laboratory in Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil city in Iraqi Kurdistan from November 2017- September 2018. Questionnaire was prepared for each male which included: name, age, occupation, history of mumps infection after puberty. Seminal fluid collected from each patient after 3 days of abstinence and analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Seminal fluid and serum obtained from each infertile male for the detection of anti-sperm antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: The mean age of the participant in the study was (32.805 year) with the maximum and minimum age was (50, 18) years respectively. The incidence of post-pubertal mumps was (13.3%) and the incidence of abnormal seminal fluid analysis was (10%) and the highest abnormal seminal fluid variables among infertile males with post-pubertal mumps was oligoasthenozoospermia (43%) and the anti-sperm antibodies in the semen of infertile males with post-pubertal mumps infection was (60%) while the frequency of anti-sperm antibodies in the serum in infertile males with a history of post-pubertal mumps was (40%) which was higher than those with no history of post-pubertal mumps with highly significant relation statistically. Conclusion: Abnormal seminal fluid analysis result may be due to post-pubertal mumps and it can lead to (Asthenozoospermia, Oligospermia, and Teratozoospermia). The highest percentage of abnormal seminal fluid variables was Oligoasthenozoospermia the occurrence of anti-sperm antibodies can be the sequence of post-pubertal mumps and by itself can lead to abnormality in the seminal fluid analysis. Mumps can lead to male infertility by affecting the seminal fluid parameters and also by the production of anti-sperm antibodies which can lead to subfertility in adult males. Keywords: Paramyxovirus, post-pubertal mumps, anti-sperm antibodies

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Management Guidelines for Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Should we Adopt or Adapt the Current Roadmaps?

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases ◽

10.15403/jgld-341 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 495-501 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Filipe Vilas-Boas ◽

Guilherme Macedo

Keyword(s):

Needle Aspiration ◽

Pancreatic Cysts ◽

Cystic Lesions ◽

International Consensus ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluid Analysis ◽

Mucinous Neoplasms ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

History Of ◽

International Consensus Guidelines

Pancreatic cystic lesions are very prevalent, especially in elderly patients and are increasingly being diagnosed because of the massive use of cross sectional imaging. Our knowledge about the natural history of these lesions is limited, especially in the case of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. This fact explains why scientific societies guidelines statements are based on evidence graded as very low quality and helps the understanding of some of the different guidelines recommendations. Several guidelines have been recently revised to incorporate the new evidence published in the literature with the aim to help clinicians make the best decisions. American Gastroenterological Association guidelines, a revision of the International Consensus Guidelines, the American College of Gastroenterology and the European Study Group guidelines are the most recent. Herein we review the current guidelines on pancreatic cysts and focus our discussion on controversies and updates about the best imaging modalities, the indications for endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration, cyst fluid analysis, indications for resection and surveillance strategies.

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Effect of H.pylori and Cag-A on the infertility among males

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2017.03.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (03) ◽

pp. 5292

Author(s):

Najat Jabbar Ahmed Berwary

Keyword(s):

Seminal Fluid ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

P Value ◽

Microbial Infection ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Sperm Antigens ◽

Sperm Antibodies ◽

Cag A

Among infertility factors, the immunological factor that associated with humoral immunity against sperm antigens is one of the causes of human infertility. A hypothesis for the induction of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) is the cross-reactivity of spermatozoa antigens and exogenous antigens including; bacteria, viruses, fungi and allergens. The presence of anti-sperm Ab, anti-H.pylori and Cag-A and its effect on infertility among male and female have been found. In the current study, 129 male and 38 females (18-59 years) participated. Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) used for detection of ASA, anti-H.pylori Ab and Cag A. The seminal fluid examination test was performed according to an examination and processing of human semen. H.pylori infection can be observed among both of infertile male and females who participated in this study. A significant difference in mean values was observed between the presence of ASA, anti-H.pylori Ab and Cag-A (P-value < 0.000). P-value < 0.000 also observed between Cag A and ASA according to the trauma of testes. The result of the current study showed that about one of a third of males who participated in this study have a history of a microbial infection that can lead to the destruction of testes barrier thus result in the production of auto-antibodies against sperms.

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THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ESTRADIOL LEVELS WITH TELOMERE LENGTH BASED ON HISTORY OF USING HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVE IN PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.25671 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

Yusrawati Yusrawati ◽

Delmi Sulastri ◽

Desmawati Desmawati

Keyword(s):

Telomere Length ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Hormonal Contraceptive ◽

Estradiol Level ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Estradiol Levels

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between nutritional status and estradiol level with telomere length in premenopausal women with and without hormonal contraceptive history. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Padang city to 115 premenopausal Minangkabau ethnic 40–54 years old. Height examined using stature meter, waist circumference (WC) using measuring tape, and body weight using body scale were performed by trained people. Blood sample analysis was performed using O’Callaghan and Fenech’s technique to measure telomere length. Estradiol level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: This research indicated that an average telomere length was 552.96±422.57 bp, body mass index (BMI) was 26.12±4.84, WC was 85.66±10.28 cm, and estradiol level was 148.24±54.03 pg/ml. The proportion of subjects who have hormonal contraceptives history was 65.2% with the most method of contraceptive used injection (75%). There were no correlations between BMI, WC, and estradiol level with telomere length (p>0.005). However, there was a positive significant correlation between estradiol levels and telomere length in women with no history of hormonal contraceptive use (p=0.025). Conclusion: A history of hormonal contraceptive used influences the correlation between estradiol levels and telomere length in premenopausal women.

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Seroprevalence of Subclinical HEV Infection in Healthy Pregnant Urban Dwellers of Bangladesh: Identification of Possible Risk Factors

Journal of Enam Medical College ◽

10.3329/jemc.v8i2.36731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Gazi Zakia Sultana ◽

Md Moniruzzaman ◽

Tania Mannan ◽

Rosy Sultana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Education Level ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Background: Hepatitis caused by hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is not uncommon in developing countries. It is usually a self-limiting conferring immunity against subsequent infection. However, HEV infection during pregnancy results in varying degree of morbidity, often fatal. The present study was designed to find out the seroprevalence of subclinical HEV infection during pregnancy at different trimesters without history of hepatitis.Materials and Methods: A total 255 asymptomatic healthy pregnant women of three trimesters (85×3=255) with no history of jaundice were included in this cross-sectional study. The subjects were sub-grouped according to socioeconomic status and education level. HEV IgG antibody in serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were expressed as number (percent). Chi-square, Odds Ratio and 95% CI were calculated as applicable. Data analyses were carried out using statistical package for social science for Windows Version 15.0. A p<0.05 was taken as level of significance.Results: Seropositivity for HEV IgG was 38% (96/255) in pregnant women; the higher percentages were recorded in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters − 41% and 46% respectively. The seropositivity of HEV IgG was significantly high in pregnant women with low education level ((p=0.001; OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.602−4.575) and low socioeconomic status (OR=7.54, 95% CI=4.118−13.029) having monthly income below 27,000 taka (p=0.001).Conclusion: Data concluded that seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG is higher at third trimester in pregnant women in Bangladesh where low socio-economic status and less education level were identified as possible risk factors. Appropriate measures may diminish the possible exposure to infection and reduce maternal mortality.J Enam Med Col 2018; 8(2): 85-89

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Seroprevalence and risk factors for brucellosis in small ruminant flocks in Karnataka in the Southern Province of India

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2855-2862 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2855-2862

Author(s):

Krithiga Natesan ◽

Triveni Kalleshamurthy ◽

Mangadevi Nookala ◽

Chaitra Yadav ◽

Nagalingam Mohandoss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Small Ruminant ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Farm Level ◽

History Of

Background and Aim: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of high economic and public health importance in large and small ruminant populations worldwide. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in small ruminants in organized farms in the southern region of India. Materials and Methods: Farms exclusively rearing sheep and goats were selected based on the number of animals (small, medium, or large) and the location of the farm (urban, periurban, or rural). A total of 1499 serum samples; 1001 from sheeps and 498 from goats were sourced from six sheep and four goat farms and tested using Rose Bengal Plate and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay tests. Results: The apparent prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep (8.29%, 95% CI 6.7-10.1) than goats (5.82%, 95% CI 4.0-8.2). The true adjusted population level seroprevalence was also higher in sheep, at 7.7% (95% CI 6.0-9.6) than in goats, at 5.1% (95% CI 3.2-7.6). According to bivariate categorical analysis, six highly significant (p<0.001) animal- and farm-level risk factors for sheep were age, breed, number of lambings, history of abortion, rural farms, and presence of dogs on the farm. In goats, five significant risk factors were found: History of abortion, separate sheds, dogs on the farm, weekly veterinary consultation, and lack of brucellosis awareness. In a logistic regression model, abortion (OR adjusted 10.8, 95% CI 1.2-96.12), rural farms (OR adjusted 8.5, 95% CI 3.6-20.0), and absence of separate sheds on the farms (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1- 3.5) were found to be significant risk factors for ovine brucellosis. Conclusion: The use of complementary measures to tackle the multiple animal- and farm-level risk factors may help to reduce the disease burden in the absence of a vaccination policy for small ruminants in India.

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Sperm DNA Fragmentation Among Smokers and Non-Smokers as Measured by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v17i1.917 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azha Syahril Azizan ◽

Kamarul Bahyah Mustafa ◽

Azantee Yazmie Abdul Wahab ◽

Roszaman Ramli ◽

Nurkhairulnisa Abu Ishak

Keyword(s):

Dna Fragmentation ◽

Seminal Fluid ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Sperm Chromatin ◽

Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fluid Analysis ◽

Sperm Dna ◽

Dispersion Test ◽

Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test

Introduction: Traditionally, seminal fluid analysis is done to assess male infertility particularly sperm concentration, morphology and motility. Sperm chromatin dispersion test explores the quality of the sperm DNA structures. High sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with unexplained infertility, failure of assisted reproduction and recurrent miscarriages. Smoking has been associated with high sperm DNA fragmentation in some studies but not in others. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study, involving 32 smokers and 32 non-smokers to determine the association between cigarette smoking and sperm DNA fragmentation. Semen samples were collected from patients undergoing seminal fluid analysis (SFA) at the IIUM Fertility Centre and IIUM Medical Centre O&G Clinic from January 2017 to June 2018. Sperm chromatin dispersion test was done and level of 15% is considered upper limit of normal. Results: 53.1% in the smoker group have abnormal level of sperm DNA fragmentation compared to 34.4% of nonsmokers. The median and interquartile range for smokers were 15.30 and 19.0 (10.425 - 29.375) respectively while for non-smokers were 8.25 and 17.8 (4.075 - 21.850) which was statistically significant (p= 0.012). It was also noted that three participants in the smoker group (9.4%) has very high sperm DNA fragmentation index of more than 80% even though they have normal seminal fluid analysis. Conclusion: There is an association between smoking and high sperm DNA fragmentation. There is a trend of increased in DNA fragmentation in smokers even though their SFA results were normal.

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Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1744

Author(s):

Muhammad Rashid Khan ◽

Abdul Rehman ◽

Salman Khalid ◽

Mansur Ud Din Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Avais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Herd Size ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Awareness Programs ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion and infertility. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in district Gujranwala of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 220 bovine sera (112 from buffaloes, 108 from cattle) from 46 unvaccinated herds were collected. Parallel testing by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) showed a 58.7% (27/46) herd-level and 22.7% (50/220) animal-level seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher (p < 0.001, OR = 7.62) in adult animals (37.2%) compared to younger animals (4.9%). A herd size of >10 animals (p = 0.021, OR = 7.83), less housing space (p = 0.037, OR = 6.39) and history of abortion at the farm (p = 0.023, OR = 5.6) were found as risk factors associated with the seropositivity of brucellosis. There was a substantial agreement between the RBPT and I-ELISA results (Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) = 64.16, percent agreement = 89.5%). In conclusion, a relatively higher seroprevalence was found compared to the previous reports from the country. Standardization and validation of the advanced diagnostic tests would be needed. Biosecurity, personal protection, quarantine measures and routine screening of animals at the farm level and disease awareness programs and consumption of pasteurized milk in the human population will be helpful in preventing the transmission/zoonosis of the disease.

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Interleukin-13 rs1800925/-1112C/T promoter single nucleotide polymorphism variant linked to anti-schistosomiasis in adult males in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0252220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0252220

Author(s):

Emilia T. Choto ◽

Takafira Mduluza ◽

Moses J. Chimbari

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Eosinophil Infiltration ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽

Adult Males ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Cytokine Levels

Background Chronic schistosomiasis is predominantly induced through up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-13. IL-13 may contribute to the disease outcomes by increasing eosinophil infiltration thereby promoting fibrosis. IL-13 may act as an immunosuppressive inflammatory cytokine that may promote carcinogenesis and also may offer protection against schistosomiasis thereby reducing risk of schistosome infections. Our study evaluated the frequency of the IL-13 rs1800925/-1112 C/ T promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among schistosomiasis infected individuals and assessed the association of the variants on IL-13 cytokine levels. We also investigated IL-13 rs1800925 polymorphisms on prostate-specific antigen levels as an indicator for risk of prostate cancer development. Methodology The study was cross-sectional and included 50 schistosomiasis infected and 316 uninfected male participants residing in Murehwa District, Zimbabwe. IL-13 rs1800925 SNPs were genotyped by allele amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. Concentrations of serum prostate-specific antigens and plasma IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Frequencies of the genotypes CC, CT and TT, were 20%, 58% and 22% in schistosomiasis infected, and 18.3%, 62.1% and 19.6% in uninfected participants with no statistical differences. There were significantly (p<0.05) higher IL-13 cytokine levels among both infected and uninfected participants with the genotypes CC and CT; median 92.25 pg/mL and 106.5 pg/mL, respectively, compared to TT variant individuals; 44.78 pg/mL. Within the schistosomiasis uninfected group, CC and CT variants had significantly (p<0.05) higher IL-13 levels; median 135.0 pg/mL and 113.6 pg/mL, respectively compared to TT variant individuals; 47.15 pg/mL. Within the schistosomiasis infected group, CC, CT and TT variant individuals had insignificant differences of IL-13 level. Using logistic regression, no association was observed between prostate-specific antigen levels, IL-13 cytokine levels and IL-13 rs1800925 variants (p>0.05). Conclusion IL-13 rs1800925 C variant individuals had the highest IL-13 cytokine levels among the schistosomiasis uninfected suggesting that they may be protective against Schistosoma infections. There was no association between IL-13 concentrations or IL-13 rs1800925 variants and risk of prostate cancer indicating that IL-13 levels and IL-13 rs10800925 may not be utilised as biomarker for risk of prostate cancer in schistosome infections.

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Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos, Nigeria

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0243656 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0243656

Author(s):

Mary Adetola Lawal ◽

Oluwafunmilayo Funke Adeniyi ◽

Patricia Eyanya Akintan ◽

Abideen Olurotimi Salako ◽

Olorunfemi Sunday Omotosho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hcv Infection ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Introduction The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infections in HIV infected children in Lagos. Method A cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis B and C viral co-infection in children aged 2 months to 13 years. There were 187 HIV infected and 187 HIV naïve age, sex-matched controls. Blood samples of participants were assayed for the serologic markers [HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV)] of HBV and HCV viral infections using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Result The prevalence of HBV infection using HBsAg was 5.3% and 4.8% (p = 0.814), among HIV-infected and HIV naïve children respectively, while using anti-HBc the prevalence was 7.0% and 7.5% (p = 0.842) among HIV- infected and HIV naïve children respectively. The prevalence of HCV infection among HIV- infected and HIV naive children were equal to 0.5% (p = 1.000). There was also no significant association with the identifiable risk factors (sharing of a toothbrush, sharing of needles, incision marks/tattoo, hepatitis B immunization status, history of blood transfusion, previous surgical operation, sexual exposure/abuse, history of jaundice, and genital circumcision) and the HBV and or HCV status among both groups of children. History of sexual exposure/abuse and history of jaundice were however found to be predictors of the presence of HBsAg among HIV infected children only, using a binary logistic regression model. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV and or HCV infection among HIV-infected children is similar to the prevalence among HIV naïve children, suggesting that HIV-infected children are not more predisposed to viral hepatitis than healthy children. Also, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of HBV infection irrespective of the use of HBsAg or anti-HBc.

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Serum cross-linked n-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (NTx) in patients with solid tumors

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802009000100005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 19-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fernando Jablonka ◽

Fernanda Schindler ◽

Paula Philbert Lajolo ◽

Hélio Pinczowski ◽

Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Metastases ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Type I Collagen ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) increase in concentration in situations in which bone resorption is increased, such as osteoporosis and bone metastasis (BM). We aimed to evaluate the serum concentrations of NTx in a sample of patients with several types of solid tumors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study with a control group in a tertiary public hospital. METHODS: We performed the quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on serum NTx levels in 19 subjects without a history of cancer and 62 patients with various solid tumors who had been referred for a bone scan. Three experienced analysts read all bone scans. RESULTS: The serum NTx levels in patients with cancer and BM, with cancer but without BM and without cancer were 46.77 ± 2.58, 32.85 ± 2.05 and 22.32 ± 2.90 respectively (P < 0.0001). We did not find any significant correlations of serum NTx with age, gender, history of bone pain, tumor type and bone alkaline phosphatase levels. We found a significant correlation between serum NTx and alkaline phosphatase levels (R² = 0.08; P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Serum NTx levels are significantly higher in patients with solid tumors and bone metastases than they are in patients without bone metastases and in normal controls.

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