scholarly journals INTERPRETATION, UNDERSTANDING, VIRTUE: THE HERMENEUTIC ASPECTS OF K.-O. APEL’S DISCURSIVE ETHICS

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Normative Structure ◽  
Situational Ethics ◽  
Objective Fact ◽  
Ethical Universalism

The rapid development of the modern world multiplies the debate on ethical issues. Since the twentieth century, disputes over the choice between ethical “universalism” and “situational” ethics have been active. Thus, practical philosophy is one area that needs serious theoretical work to solve its problems. In this regard, it becomes necessary to combine ethical research with other philosophical directions (including hermeneutics). However, today it is also necessary to look for theoretical and methodological models within which traditional hermeneutics would find a reliable theoretical foundation. This is necessary because traditional hermeneutics must sustain the pace of modern scientific development and at the same time maintain its own disciplinary specificity. This requirement is fully met the theory of K.-O. Apel. In difficult modern historical conditions, the discursive ethics of K.-O. Apel is unique and effective due to the fact that it provides universal ethical guidelines based on reasonable principles of mutual understanding and dialogue. In the course of our research, it was shown that the philosophical development of discursive problematics in Germany mainly takes the form of a “hermeneutic-linguistic” study of cognitive processes. Therefore, the presence of elements of hermeneutical knowledge in the framework of the K.-O. Apel’s philosophy is an objective fact. We also found out that transcendental pragmatics is called upon to resolve the issue of the normative structure of discourse, that is, the underlying principles of the functioning of a common communicative-language field. We found that inside his own theory, K-O. Apel skillfully combines various theoretical and methodological approaches. We also showed that discursive ethics, based on the principles of transcendental pragmatics, incorporates certain hermeneutic “elements”. We found out that K.-O. Apel defines his own approach as “transcendental-hermeneutic” and retains a place for interpretative practice at two “levels” of the communicative act. The analysis showed that the interpretation is present in the language interaction, firstly, as the perception and evaluation of the addressee’s “communicative position” of the utterance (we are talking about taking into account the possible communicative competencies of the interlocutor). Secondly, the interpretation is “built-in” in the process of obtaining and “deciphering” the interlocutor’s linguistic expression (meaning the consideration of possible communicative competencies of the interlocutor and an assessment of the context of the utterance). At the same time, we found that, in the opinion of K.-O. Apel, the need for this “transcendental-pragmatic” interpretative work is due to the game (or “transcendental-game”) nature of language interaction. That is, this interaction requires from the subjects of communication active and creative appeal to the context in which this communication takes place.

Ethical Issues Relevant to the Assessment of Suicide Risk in Nonclinical Research Settings

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce K. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Conducting Research

Background: Our laboratory recently confronted this issue while conducting research with undergraduate students at the University of Waterloo (UW). Although our main objective was to examine cognitive and genetic features of individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), the study protocol also entailed the completion of various self-report measures to identify participants deemed at increased risk for suicide. Aims and Methods: This paper seeks to review and discuss the relevant ethical guidelines and legislation that bear upon a psychologist’s obligation to further assess and intervene when research participants reveal that they are at increased risk for suicide. Results and Conclusions: In the current paper we argue that psychologists are ethically impelled to assess and appropriately intervene in cases of suicide risk, even when such risk is revealed within a research context. We also discuss how any such obligation may potentially be modulated by the research participant’s expectations of the role of a psychologist, within such a context. Although the focus of the current paper is on the ethical obligations of psychologists, specifically those practicing within Canada, the relevance of this paper extends to all regulated health professionals conducting research in nonclinical settings.

War in Social Thought

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Joas ◽  
Wolfgang Knöbl
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Critical History ◽  
Original Argument

This book provides a sweeping critical history of social theories about war and peace from Thomas Hobbes to the present. It presents both a broad intellectual history and an original argument as it traces the development of thinking about war over more than 350 years—from the premodern era to the period of German idealism and the Scottish and French enlightenments, and then from the birth of sociology in the nineteenth century through the twentieth century. While focusing on social thought, the book draws on many disciplines, including philosophy, anthropology, and political science. It demonstrate the profound difficulties most social thinkers—including liberals, socialists, and those intellectuals who could be regarded as the first sociologists—had in coming to terms with the phenomenon of war, the most obvious form of large-scale social violence. With only a few exceptions, these thinkers, who believed deeply in social progress, were unable to account for war because they regarded it as marginal or archaic, and on the verge of disappearing. This overly optimistic picture of the modern world persisted in social theory even in the twentieth century, as most sociologists and social theorists either ignored war and violence in their theoretical work or tried to explain it away. The failure of the social sciences and especially sociology to understand war, the book argues, must be seen as one of the greatest weaknesses of disciplines that claim to give a convincing diagnosis of our times.

The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Knowledge ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Ai Ethics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Control Complex

This book explores the intertwining domains of artificial intelligence (AI) and ethics—two highly divergent fields which at first seem to have nothing to do with one another. AI is a collection of computational methods for studying human knowledge, learning, and behavior, including by building agents able to know, learn, and behave. Ethics is a body of human knowledge—far from completely understood—that helps agents (humans today, but perhaps eventually robots and other AIs) decide how they and others should behave. Despite these differences, however, the rapid development in AI technology today has led to a growing number of ethical issues in a multitude of fields, ranging from disciplines as far-reaching as international human rights law to issues as intimate as personal identity and sexuality. In fact, the number and variety of topics in this volume illustrate the width, diversity of content, and at times exasperating vagueness of the boundaries of “AI Ethics” as a domain of inquiry. Within this discourse, the book points to the capacity of sociotechnical systems that utilize data-driven algorithms to classify, to make decisions, and to control complex systems. Given the wide-reaching and often intimate impact these AI systems have on daily human lives, this volume attempts to address the increasingly complicated relations between humanity and artificial intelligence. It considers not only how humanity must conduct themselves toward AI but also how AI must behave toward humanity.

BSAS Ethical Policy British Society of Animal Science Ethical guidelines for research in animal science

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jarvis ◽  
J.E.L. Day ◽  
B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Science Research ◽  
British Society ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Ethical Policy ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Animal science research is important in relation to our understanding of animals, their function and performance, and their relationships with their social and physical environments. Animal science research covers a wide range of disciplines and so can lead to the use of a variety of experimental techniques on animals for many different purposes. This has the potential to lead to a multitude of diverse ethical issues. Members of the British Society of Animal Science and authors of papers submitted to the Society for publication come from countries around the world and therefore are subject to differences in legislative requirements and recommendations regarding animal experimentation. These legal requirements, along with the ethical implications of the research must be fully considered before any experimental work is undertaken.

The Ethics of Mobile Health Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S39-S39
Author(s):  
S. Galderisi ◽  
F. Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Health Equity ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Health Technologies

IntroductionMobile health (m-health) technology has been growing rapidly in the last decades. The use of this technology represents an advantage, especially for reaching patients who otherwise would have no access to healthcare. However, many ethical issues arise from the use of m-health. Health equity, privacy policies, adequate informed consent and a competent, safe and high quality healthcare need to be guaranteed; professional standards and quality of doctor-patient relationship in the digital setting should not be lower than those set for in-person practice.AimsTo assess advantages and threats that may arise from the wide use of m-health technologies, in order to guarantee the application of the best medical practices, resulting in the highest quality healthcare.MethodsA literature search has been conducted to highlight the most pressing ethical issues emerging from the spreading of m-health technologies.ResultsFew ethical guidelines on the appropriate use of m-health have been developed to help clinicians adopt a professional conduct within digital settings. They focus on the need for professional associations to define ethical guidelines and for physicians to take care of their education and online behavior when using m-health technologies.ConclusionsThe rapid spreading of m-health technologies urges us to evaluate all ethical issues related to its use. It would be advisable to produce an ethical code for the use of these new technologies, to guarantee health equity, privacy protection, high quality doctor-patient relationships and to ensure that m-health is not chosen over traditional care for merely economic purposes.Disclosure of interestSG received honoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter. All other authors have declared.

Ethical Considerations In ICU Preparations For Viral Epidemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Cristina Petrișor ◽  
◽  
Sebastian Tranca ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Administrative Support ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Infected People

"Intensive Care Units (ICUs) admit patients with the most severe forms of the diseases, viral ARDS included. Since the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak, ICU preparations and triage have been recommended. The novel COVID-19 clinical picture resembles influenza in terms of organ dysfunction which may start with hypoxemic breathing insufficiency and ultimately, a possibility of evolution towards multiple organ failure. Its current clinical picture is not new for intensivists. However, there are several important differences as far as we know now: there is overall human susceptibility to become infected and nobody can be specifically protected by vaccination. This fact led to large numbers of infected people all over the world, overwhelming medical systems. Almost 10% of COVID-19 infections would be qualified for ICU admittance and ventilatory support. The main ethical issues in ICUs, in time of viral epidemics are: lack of free ICU beds, free ventilator machines, pressures on providing aggressive treatments for people with low chances of survival, dealing with terminally ill patients, high degrees of burnout in the medical team, reporting errors and inadequate behavior of other medical staff, lack of adequate protective equipment, as well as lack of administrative support. All these facts lead to moral distress and high burnout incidences. Administrative preparations, prioritization and triage are important aspects to consider. In conclusion, we all see that the modern world is not prepared enough to face such challenges and from these situations we, all (health care professionals, providers, population and authorities) should learn important personal and professional lessons. "

scholarly journals Ethical dimension of circle Integrative Community Therapy on qualitative research

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Paula Renata Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Elisangela Cerencovich ◽  
Laura Filomena Santos de Araújo ◽  
Roseney Bellato ◽  
Sonia Ayako Tao Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship

This study discusses ethical issues in research involving human beings and seeks to understand the relationship between qualitative research and the ethical care guidelines for Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) circles based on Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. This is documentary research, which analyzed Resolution 466/12 and ICT circles seeking to make a connection between the ethical guidelines contained in both. The analysis of the corpus was directed toward the construction of the following results: the person's perception, cultural diversity and community. It also brings in consideration of the influence of the ethical dimension of the ICT circles on qualitative research. We conclude that ICT circles are innovative in the sense of the diversity of participants and respect for cultural and social differences. Thus, ICT circles promote acquisition of quality information for social research as well as compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in Resolution No. 466/12.

scholarly journals Research on the Management System of Science and Technology Incubator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Technology Incubator ◽  
Technology Incubators

Science and technology incubator, as an organization dedicated to serving science and technology enterprises, has many functions, such as cultivating small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises, transforming science and technology into productivity, adjusting regional and national industrial structure, promoting the development of high and new technology industries, and promoting employment. Since the emergence of the first business incubator in the United States in the 1950s, this new form of social and economic organization has been developing rapidly all over the world, and has cultivated a large number of successful enterprises, which initially made great contributions to promoting the development of the world economy. However, with the increasing number of science and technology incubators and the rapid development of science and technology enterprises, various problems in the management system and operation mode of science and technology incubators are gradually exposed, which seriously affects the sustainable development of science and technology incubators in China. In view of this, based on the analysis of the current situation of science and technology incubator management in China, this paper puts forward the construction strategy of standardized management system of science and technology incubator in order to promote the scientific development of science and technology incubator in China.

scholarly journals Is social forecasting of the mobile world’s dynamics currently possible?

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Yanitsky
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Metabolic Analysis ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Based on Soviet sociologists being able to predict the fall of the USSR in the mid 1980’s, the author of this article seeks to understand whether social forecasting is possible in our unstable and constantly changing modern world. Relying on the theoretical work of Russian and Western sociologists conducted in the 2000’s, including his own research and his participation in three international projects, the author of this article demonstrates that to this day a dichotomous approach prevails in prognostic studies. Such an approach to analysis is preferred by most Anglo-Saxon scientists who study globalization. The article also examines the theoretical-methodological trends being developed outside the boundaries of the aforementioned dichotomous analysis by researchers from third-world countries. For example, subject to analysis is the heuristic potential of analyzing modern globalization as a self-organizing “movement of the movements”, as well as the need for interdisciplinary and metabolic analysis. Special attention is devoted to changes on the micro-level, in other words, to the position and lifestyle of an individual under conditions of fluid modernization. The article is concluded by certain specific considerations on the author’s part concerning the type and nature of the theory and methodology, which allow for adequately analyzing and predicting the dynamics of our modern non-equilibrium and mobile world. Analyzed are the methodological contradictions between social and physical sciences in their ideas and approaches when it comes to criteria and methods for predicting the dynamics of the globalized world.

scholarly journals Formation and development of environment in Kyrgyz literature and journalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 15017
Author(s):  
Nurzhan Dzhumagazieva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas

The purpose of the scientific article is to consider the stages of formation of the term "environment" in Kyrgyz literature and journalism. The article considers the specifics of journalistic literature of Kyrgyzstan as part of the general socio-cultural context of the country, and reviews journalism and socially oriented poetry of the Kyrgyz people. The place of the concept "environment" in the works of authors of Kyrgyzstan is determined. An analysis of the main periods of development of journalism in Kyrgyzstan was made, which allowed us to trace the etymology of the term "environment". The topic of the development of environmental issues in the works of Kyrgyzstan is relevant in the modern world, as the rapid development of industry and the increasing level of urbanization contributes to environmental degradation. Within the framework of a global scale, consideration of this problem in the framework of literary analysis will allow us to formulate the importance of the educational function of journalism in solving environmental issues. Environmental issues are popular. However, the topic of formation and development of the environment in Kyrgyz literature and journalism has not been studied. That is why the scientific novelty of the work is to develop a periodization of the evolution of ideas of environmentalism in literature and journalism. The methodological basis of the research is the analysis of literary and journalistic works of Kyrgyzstan at different stages of development of the territory under consideration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document