scholarly journals Origins of agricultural research affairs in the system of higher Ukraine branch training (end of XVIII – first half of XIX century)

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Schools ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Research aim The formation beginnings of the scientific and organizational agricultural experimental work foundations in the system of higher branch training at the end of the 18th – first half of the 19th centuries are investigated. Scientific novelty. It is proved that domestic sectoral research as an independent branch of scientific natural science originated in the system of higher agricultural education in the Russian Empire as a result of the complex action of various cultural and agricultural traditions, which were clearly manifested in the activities of the first special higher agricultural schools. In the center of the empire, the Russian tradition itself dominated, which was influenced by British agricultural culture, which was reflected in the activities of the state-owned Pavlovsk practical school of agriculture not far from the Russian capital. In the west of the empire, the German cultural and agrarian tradition had a significant influence on the formation of the first agricultural free economic zones – the Agronomic Institute in Marymont (Kingdom of Poland) and the national Gori-Gorki Agricultural Institute (Mogilev Province) – was influenced by the German cultural and agrarian tradition. Conclusions. The multi-vector nature of the higher agricultural education system and sectoral research formation is shown and important aspects of their formation are clarified, taking into account the proven facts of European history at the beginning of the 19th century. Introduced into the scientific discourse is the question of the research beginning at the Agronomical Institute in Marymont (Kingdom of Poland), the legal successor of which is the Kharkiv V. V. Dokuchaev National Agrarian University. The significance of the constituent documents of the Agronomic Institute in the Kingdom of Poland from the point of view of regulating the work of the research field in the institution is considered. The history of the research field of the Gori-Goretsky Agricultural Institute has been studied with the help of statutory documents and the printed works of the educational institution.

scholarly journals The influence of the Italian vocal school on the professional formation of Ukrainian singers (the end of the XVIII – the beginning of the XIX century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Maryna Rossikhina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
New Era ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Opera Singers ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to study the influences of the Italian vocal school, the traditions of Italian opera performance on the professional development of Ukrainian singers in this period. Methodology. Analysis was carried out on the basis of such methods as historical and chronological to study trends and patterns of Ukrainian music at the end of the 17th – the beginning of the 19th century, analytical – for a comprehensive consideration of the influence of Italian culture on the emergence of opera in East Slavic areas, source – for elaboration and analysis of sources, bio-bibliographic – for studying creative biographies of artists, the method of systematization – for the reduction of all found facts to a logical unity. Scientific novelty. By studying the creative biographies of prominent Ukrainian musicians (M.Berezovsky, D.Bortnyansky, M.Ivanov, S.Gulak-Artemovsky) for the first time the Italian pages of their creative biography were systematized, new facts were introduced into scientific circulation, which allow to clarify the contribution of Italian vocal culture in the development of the Ukrainian opera school at the initial stage of its formation. Conclusions. The interest of the Russian Empire in Western European, especially Italian, opera led to the rapid development of a new era in the history of musical theater in the East Slavic territories. Internships of Ukrainian musicians in Italy, invitations of Italian artists, composers, vocal teachers to the Russian Empire, joint performances on stage with foreign singers give grounds to assert the influence of the Italian vocal school on the skills of Ukrainian opera singers of the end of the 18th – the beginning of the 19th century and laying of the fundamental foundations for the development of the Ukrainian vocal school.

scholarly journals The evolution of the institutional structure of the agricultural education in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 15026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Fedotova ◽  
Vladimir Latun ◽  
Yuliya Merinova ◽  
Anna Ertel
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Data Dynamics ◽  
Emergence Of Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Agricultural Schools ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the history of the formation of agricultural education in Russia. On the basis of the analysis of historical data, documents on creation of educational institutions and statistical data dynamics of emergence of new agricultural lowest schools, secondary schools, academies and institutes is established. It is shown that the first agricultural institutions were established in the 18th century with the participation of the great Russian scientist M. Lomonosov with the support of the Emperor. The first agricultural schools used foreign experience. A total of three agricultural schools were established. However, in the future there was a transition to training without the participation of foreigners. An analysis of the development of the education system in the 19th century found that the institutional structure changed significantly towards the emergence of institutions and academies. Model farms, model estates and new training areas have appeared personnel for horticulture, agronomists, beekeepers, horse breeders, etc. Private initiatives have facilitated the opening of new specialties. The state opened new specialized academies and faculties in polytechnic institutes. It is shown that traditions of improving the institutional system of training of personnel persist in modernRussia.

scholarly journals Correspondence P.A. Pletnev and J.K. Grot as a source on the history of universities and university links in the first half of the XIX century

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2021) ◽  
pp. 103-123
Author(s):  
A. P. Zinovieva ◽  
◽  
T. N. Zhukovskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Office Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
History Of Universities ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

The article examines various forms and mechanisms of academic interaction that developed between the universities of the Russian Empire, namely between St. Petersburg and Helsingfors (Alexander) universities. This interaction is reflected in the correspondence of two professors-philologists: P. A. Pletnev and J. K. Grot, which served in 1840–1853 at the University of Helsingfors. The results of inter-university communication include the organization of the Russian language department at Alexander University with the participation of Russian professors and teachers, the participation of professors and students of one university in commemorative practices of another (anniversary celebrations, solemn acts), the exchange of scientific and educational literature, organized expert activities, academic migrations, although relatively few in number. An analysis of the forms of cooperation reflected in the confidential personal correspondence of representatives of the two universities reveals the similarities and differences between the two models of the university — the imperial, based the capital and the territorial university, which was the Alexander University in the Grand Duchy of Finland. The observations are based on materials from the correspondence of P. A. Pletnev with J. K. Grot, both published in the 19th century, and archival ones — from the Pletnev fund at the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushkin House). In addition, documents of university and departmental office work were also involved. The main source under study reflects not only the details of the biographies and characters of both correspondents, but also the peculiarities of everyday academic life, university administration, professorial life, the moods of both correspondents, which change depending on the academic and political situation. The correspondence between the two professors provides an insight into the relationships and conflicts within academic corporations at St. Petersburg and Helsingfors universities. It is important that these relations and events were reflected in the source directly and synchronously with their flow.

scholarly journals VOLOGDA WOMEN’S MARIINSKY GYMNASIUM IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY: THE SPECIFICS OF FOUNDATION AND ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Baev ◽  
Tatyana N. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Equality In Education ◽  
Further Development

The article presents a brief history covering foundation and development of female gymnasiums in Russia in the XIX century and opening the main secondary educational institution for girls in Vologda Region. The relevance of the study is justified by the fact that this educational institution was one of the first of its kind in the Russian Empire. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the foundation process of Vologda Women’s Mariinsky Gymnasium in comparison with similar institutions in other governorates and to analyze its activities in the early years of its functioning. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the chronological stages of the history of Vologda Gymnasium and the role of this educational institution in the further development of education in Vologda. Based on archival information, the article gives the analysis of female students’ composition by their birth status during the second half of the XIX century. These data demonstrate that until the 1870s the proclaimed principle of estates equality in education in the gymnasium was not observed. However, after 1872, the term of study was no longer 6, but 7 years. The 1st grade was divided into two departments, which gave the opportunity for even students with average knowledge to enter the gymnasium. This innovation ensured the estates equality of education in Vologda Women’s Mariinsky Gymnasium. The article analyzes as well the list of academic subjects taught and the Rules of admission to the educational institution prior to the educational reform of 1864 (according to the Memorandum Book as of 1862, 1863) and after it (according to the Memorandum Book as of 1873). Some of the disciplines changed their name to broader ones, which indicates a more extensive material covered by the discipline. For example, grammar and language arts were added to the Russian language, geometry – to mathematics. Vologda Women’s Gymnasium functioned 60 years and played an important role in the development of women’s education in the Vologda Region. Now Vologda Pedagogical College can be considered its original legal successor.

scholarly journals The policy of imperial acculturation of the northern Kazakh steppes population (mid XVIII-XIX centuries): phenomenon of the Orenburg Kyrgyz school

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Anton Vladislavovich Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Kazakh Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

This paper covers the main issues of the educational policy of the Russian Empire in the XVIII-XIX centuries in relation to the northern Kazakh steppes population. Examples of peaceful interaction of Russian settlers with the local Kazakh population are considered through the prism of cultural and educational influence, which was expressed at the basis of a number of educational institutions for the foreigners of the northern Kazakh steppes. The significance of the educational and cultural integration of the local population into the Russian society is revealed. The main aspects of the educational policy of the Russian Empire are investigated on the factual material of Russian-foreign schools. The problems of acculturation of the local population and ways to solve them in the works of contemporaries and direct participants in these events are given. Archival materials telling about the history of the educational institution - the Orenburg Kyrgyz School are introduced into scientific circulation. The work of the Orenburg Kyrgyz School is considered, which implied cultural and educational acculturation of the Kazakh population in the middle of the XIX century. The author also reveals the reasons for changing the educational and cultural orientations of the school at different periods of its existence, the results of its work and its role in the process of non-Russian peoples integration into the unified sociocultural space of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals The Gypsies and Military Service in the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the 18th - First Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-850
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Shaidurov ◽  
Tadeush A. Novogrodsky
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ashkenazi Jews ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The complication of the national composition of the population due to new ethnic groups as well as incorporation of new territories into the Russian Empire were ones of the consequences of an active foreign policy in the XVIII - XIX century. The Poles, Jews, Gypsies, Finns, and many others needed to be incorporated into existing state, public, social institutions. Most of the activities carried out against, for example, the Jews or Gypsies, aimed at their violent adaptation. The tsarist administration made repeated attempts to persuade various groups of the gypsy population to a settled way of life under the aegis of combating vagrancy in the 1770s - 1820s. Their incorporation in the taxable urban and rural estates implied the imposition of state and district taxes and duties on them. This fully related to recruitment service in its natural or monetary form. But, the Gypsies, unlike Ashkenazi Jews, was not a united nation. This fact forced the government to take different approaches to their recruiting duties in different regions. In Crimea and Bessarabia, the Gypsies were an integral part of local communities. The authorities found it impossible to separate them, for example, from the Crimean Tatar Muslim societies. On this basis they were freed from recruitment same as the Tatars. But some militarized and military institutions (correctional troops of the engineering department, battalions of military cantonists) were used in a repressively educational spirit. If the first were supposed to stop the vagrancy of the Gypsies and promote their sedentary, the second were to contribute to the socialization of young Gypsies and make them useful members of society. This article for the first time in historiography raises the question of the attitude of the state towards the Gypsies of Russia from the point of view of military service. The article is written on the basis of published sources and unpublished documents from the central and regional archives, which are first introduced into scientific circulation.

THE HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF THE KHIVIN KHANATE BY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE FROM FOREIGN SOURCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Ilhom Juraev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Political Economic

In this article, the author analyzes McGahan's novels “Campaigning on the Oxus, and the Fall of Khiva” which is about the history of Uzbekistan, and distinguishes that these novels according to their peculiarities highlight the history of Uzbekistan particularly the last quarter of XIX century when the valley invaded by Soviet Russia and author shared his thoughts on the basis of historical sources and gave some summaries.Relying on these summaries we obtain necessary information about the valley’s political, economic and cultural life

The challenges of the primary teachers in the XIX century: from the materials needed to teach classes to the payment of the salaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Silveira Amorim
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Primary Teachers ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Primary Teacher ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Qualified Teacher ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

Different aspects impacted the work of primary school teachers in the 19th century: the lack of materials for the teaching of classes, the delay in paying salaries and the release of resources to pay the rent of the houses where the classes worked, the health issues that implied the removal of the teacher for treatment, among others. Given this context, the objective is to inform how the teaching profession was configured based on the challenges faced by primary teachers in the 19th century. As a research in the field of History of Education, newspapers and official communications will be taken as sources, being analyzed from the conceptions of configuration and representation. It is possible to perceive that the profession of primary teacher was configured in the face of challenges and confrontations, corroborating the construction of the representation of the qualified teacher in the 19th century.

Court Singing Capella and Divine Рractice of the Russian Orthodox Church

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Константин Рева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
History Of ◽  
Liturgical Practice ◽  
Church Split ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Church

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка рассмотреть влияние Придворной певческой капеллы на развитие богослужебной практики Русской Православной Церкви в Синодальный период. После церковного раскола XVII в. продолжающееся развитие богослужебной практики не находило отражения в корпусе богослужебных книг. В XVII в. в Русской Церкви было два практически равновеликих по значению образцовых столичных хора: хор патриарших певчих дьяков и хор государевых певчих дьяков. С упразднением патриаршества и переносом столицы в Санкт¬-Петербург в Синодальный период истории Русской Православной Церкви Придворная певческая капелла стала главным церковным хоровым коллективом, основной обязанностью которого было пение за богослужением в придворных церквях. В XIX в. Придворная певческая капелла была на делена особыми административными правами в церковно-¬певческой сфере, связанны ми с цензурой церковно-¬певческих произведений и подготовкой церковных регентов. Исключительные права по изданию церковно¬-певческих книг в Русской Православной Церкви, закрепленные Святейшим Синодом за Придворной певческой капеллой, стали причиной широкого распространения литургических особенностей богослужения придворных церквей в Российской империи. Практика обязательной аттестации церковных регентов Придворной певческой капеллой усилила распространение не только её церковно-¬музыкальной традиции, но и придворного литургического порядка, что оказало существенное влияние на практику совершения кафедрального и приходского богослужения. Изучение богослужебной практики Русской Православной Церкви в XVIII-XX вв. немыслимо без учёта деятельности и наследия Придворной певческой капеллы. This article attempts to consider the influence of the Court Singing Chapel on the development of divine practice of the Russian Orthodox Church during the synodal period. After the Church split of the 17th century, the continuing development of liturgical practice was not re flected in the corpus of liturgical books. In the XVII century the Russian Church had two almost equal in importance exemplary Metropolitan choirs: the choir of Patriarchal singing deacons and the choir of sovereign singing deacons. With the abolition of the Patriarchate and the transfer of the capital to Saint Petersburg during the Synodal period of the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Court singing Capella became the main Church choral group, whose main duty was to sing at divine services in the court churches. In the 19th century, the Court singing chapel was giv en special administrative rights in the Church singing sphere related to the censorship of Church singing works and the training of Church Regents. The exclusive rights to publish Church sing ing books in the Russian Orthodox Church, which were assigned by the Holy Synod to the Court singing chapel, caused a wide spread of liturgical features of the service of court churches in the Russian Empire. The practice of mandatory certification of Church Regents by the Court singingchapel has increased the spread of not only its Church music tradition, but also the court liturgical order, which has had a significant impact on the practice of performing Cathedral and parish ser vices. The study of the liturgical practice of the Russian Orthodox Church in the XVIII-XX centuries is unthinkable without taking into account the activities and heritage of the court singing chapel.

Czechs and Slovaks in the Russian Empire (last third of the 19th century – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena P. Serapionova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Official Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The book deals with the historical contacts of Czech, Slovak and Russian peoples, the beginning of mass Czech and Slovak relocation to Russia, Russian official policy towards settlers. The author marks the main centers of their residence, pauses in detail on public organizations created by them, ties with the historical homeland, their participation in the Slavic movement. Special attention is paid to the prominent representatives of the compatriots. The monograph analyzes the social, professional composition of the Czech and Slovak diasporas, evaluates their contribution to the economic and cultural development of Russia. It is based on documents published and identified in the archives of Russia, Czech and Slovak republics, printing masters, memories and literature on the topic. The book is intended for specialists in the history of Russia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as all those interested in the ties of the peoples of the three countries.

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