scholarly journals Colchicine-induced mutation for new line development of tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-307
Author(s):  
S.M. Rahajeng ◽  
A.N. Sugiharto ◽  
T. Wardayati
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Germination And Growth

This research aimed to identify colchicine-induced tropical Yellow Corn characters and their potential in superior traits development. Single cross was applied to colchicine mutant line with tester line, INOAXM2 yellow and white seeds, to observe and test the characters enrichment of colchicine mutant, while pure line tester of sweet corn (OP-SBX) was used to observe the enhancement of germination and growth rate. Analysis of various quantitative data was determined using F test at the level of 5%, continued with Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the level of 5%. Potential characters and its inheritance pattern were determined by a descriptive statistical approach. Overall, germination and growth test of mutant show significant improvement when mutant crossed with tester lines. According to qualitative characters analysis of mutant line and its single way, it is found that glum colour is influenced by the male parent (Paternal Effect), while seed colour is determined by the female (Maternal Effect). From mutant M1 to M4, quantitative mutant (INFM) characters showed significant differences between lines within one generation and revealed improvements in single cross progeny. Single cross between colchicine line and tester mutant (IONAXM2) presents significant differences in all cobs characters (cob length, number of seeds in a row, number of rows, cob dry weight, and weight of 100 seeds (g) and reveals higher value compared to other lines. Mid-parent heterosis of single cross progeny of mutants was high for cob dry weight, those were 202.38% and 166.67%. The chromosomes observation of pink and yellow seeds of colchicine mutants revealed the presence of diploid, triploid, and euploid chromosomes, which verify chromosomal changes inside colchicine mutant lines.

scholarly journals Enhanced Emergence and Seedling Vigor in shrunken-2 Sweet Corn via Seed Disinfection and Solid Matrix Priming

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Parera ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Presowing seed treatments were devised to improve emergence and crop uniformity of two sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars [`Crisp N' Sweet 711' (CNS-711) and `How Sweet It Is' (HSII)] that carry shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm. The treatments included a fungicide combination, sodium hypochlorite (SH), solid matrix priming (SMP), and SMP combined with SH during treatment (SMPSH). Seed germination was tested in a laboratory cold test. Emergence percentage, emergence rate index (ERI), and seedling dry weight were calculated from field trials. CNS-711, in the cold test and field trials, had a higher germination rate, ERI, final emergence, and seedling dry weight than HSII. In both cultivars, SMPSH significantly improved germination in the cold test and final emergence and ERI in the field trials for HSII compared to nontreated seeds. There was no significant difference between the fungicide and SMPSH treatments regardless of cultivar. These results suggest that the combination of SMP and disinfection with SH can be an alternative seed treatment to fungicides to improve uniformity and stand establishment in sh2 sweet corns.

Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Rahim Mohammadian ◽  
Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽  
Peyvand Samimifar
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Mass Reduction ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

Evaluation of Nurse Crops for Weed Control and Plant Establishment in Prairie Restoration

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 485b-485
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Barry ◽  
Michael N. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nurse Crops ◽  
Partridge Pea ◽  
Prairie Plant

Nurse crops are often recommended in prairie restoration planting. This work investigated several alternative nurse crops to determine their utility in prairie planting. Nurse crops were composed of increasing densities (900, 1800, or 2700 seeds/m2) of partridge pea, spring oats, spring barley, Canada wild rye, or equal mixtures of partridge pea and one of the grasses. The experimental design was a randomized complete-block set in two sites with three blocks per site and 48 treatments per block. Each 3 × 3-m plot contained 1 m2 planted in Dec. 1995 or Mar. 1996 with an equal mix of seven prairie species. The nurse crops were sown over each nine square meter area in April 1996. Plots lacking nurse crops served as controls. Evaluated data consisted of weed pressure rankings and weed and prairie plant dry weight. Nurse crop treatments had a significant effect on weed pressure in both sites. Barley (1800 and 2700 seeds/m2) as well as partridge pea + barley (2700 seeds/m2) were most effective at reducing weed pressure. When weed and prairie plant biomass values were compared, a significant difference was observed for site quality and planting season. Prairie plant establishment was significantly greater in the poorly drained, less-fertile site and spring-sown plots in both sites had significantly higher prairie biomass values. Overall, after two seasons, there was no advantage in using nurse crops over the control. Among nurse crop treatments, oats were most effective in reducing weed competition and enhancing prairie plant growth.

Acetyl salicylic acid alleviates chilling-induced damage in muskmelon seedlings

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
Murat Uzunlu ◽  
Ali Riza Demirkiran
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Salicylic acid (SA) is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses. An experiment was, therefore, conducted to test whether acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) application at various concentrations through seed immersion or foliar spray would protect muskmelon [Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group)] seedlings subjected to chilling stress. Twenty-one-day-old plants pre-treated with ASA (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.0 mM) were subjected to chilling stress for 72 h at 3 ± 0.5°C. ASA, applied either through seed immersion or foliar spray, was effective within the range of 0.1 to 1 mM in inducing tolerance to chilling stress in muskmelon seedlings; however, there was no significant difference between application methods. ASA significantly and curvilinearly affected all seedling growth and stress indicator variables tested except shoot dry weight. The best protection was obtained from seedlings pre-treated with 0.5 mM ASA. The highest ASA concentration used was slightly less effective in providing chilling stress protection. Even though both methods provided similar means of protection, due to its simplicity and practicality, immersion of muskmelon seeds prior to sowing in 0.5 mM ASA would be a more desirable method to induce tolerance to chilling stress. Key words: Cucumis melo, aspirin, chilling stress tolerance, gas exchange, electrolyte leakage

scholarly journals An Assessment of Treated Greywater Reuse in Irrigation on Growth and Protein Content of Prosopis and Albizia

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Naji K. Al-Mefleh ◽  
Yahia A. Othman ◽  
Maher J. Tadros ◽  
Amani Al-Assaf ◽  
Samer Talozi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated the influence of treated greywater on growth and protein content of multipurpose (forage and ornamental) transplants, Prosopis juliflora L., Prosopis tamarugo L., and Albizia lebbeck L. Transplants of tested species were irrigated with treated greywater, diluted greywater (grey + distilled water, 1:1/by volume), and distilled water (control) for seven months. Water quality analysis showed that the concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals found in the greywater were within the acceptable range compared with Jordan Institution for Standard and Metrology (JISM) and the World Health Organization (WHO) thresholds for safe use of greywater. Escherichia coli found in the greywater were lower compared to JISM and WHO guidelines for the safe use of greywater. Irrigation with treated greywater increased shoot fresh weight by 24–39% and dry weight by 34–40% compared to diluted greywater and control. No significant difference in crude protein was noticed between water treatments. Prosopis species (P. juliflora Albizia lebbeck L. and P. tamarugo Albizia lebbeck L.) had higher shoot fresh (35%) and dry weight the same species had lower crude protein (44%) when compared to Albizia lebbeck Albizia lebbeck L. The reuse of treated greywater for landscaping or forage production alleviates the demand for water resources and reduces the pressure on wastewater treatment plants. However, considering the controversial findings of previous studies on greywater quality (especially, long-term reuse), the reuse of treated greywater needs to be considered with caution and periodic quality analyses and economic assessments are required.

Infused salbutamol accentuates acid-induced lung injury in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Braude ◽  
David Royston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Lung Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Infusion

1. The effect in the rat of salbutamol infusion (1 μg min−1 kg−1) on acid-induced lung injury has been determined. Severity of lung injury was assessed by two techniques: the pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetate (99mTc-DTPA) and the lung wet/dry weight ratio, giving indices of alveolar epithelial permeability and transendothelial water filtration respectively. 2. Mean half-time of clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was increased significantly in rats who had intratracheal acid-induced injury and control (saline) intravenous infusion (19.4 ± 2.6 min) compared with non-acid-treated rats (98.1 ± 7.2) (P < 0.0001). However, those animals who had intratracheal acid injury and subsequent salbutamol intravenous infusion had significantly faster clearance (11.5 ± 1.9) than the acid and control infusion group (P < 0.05). 3. Gravimetric lung water in the acid-only rats (expressed as wet/dry weight ratio) was increased significantly (6.4 ± 0.3) compared with the non-acid-treated controls (5.4 ± 0.2) (P < 0.01). Acid-treated rats who had salbutamol infused had dramatically increased lung water (10.0 ± 0.6) (P < 0.001 vs acid and control infusion). 4. Intravenous salbutamol infusion itself produced no significant difference in the results for both techniques, compared with the non-acid-treated time-course controls. 5. Infused salbutamol accentuates acid-induced lung injury in the rat. Possible factors responsible for these findings include β2-adrenergic agonist mediated inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and a predominant β1-adrenergic agonist inotropic effect of salbutamol with resultant rise in pulmonary artery pressure.

Effects of crop rotations on microbial community in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings and its feedback

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
X.J. He ◽  
W.W. Zhu ◽  
F.Z. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Feedback

We studied the effects of 7-crop rotations and continuous - monocropping systems on soil microorganism and its feedback. The results showed that absolute abundance of soil bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than control (CK). Absolute abundance of soil fungi in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, kidney bean - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than CK. Dry weight of cucumber seedlings was significantly positively correlated with bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) abundance, and negatively correlated with fungal count. The results of inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum showed that plant dry weight of cucumber seedlings in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation soil was significantly higher than other treatments, and their disease index was significantly lower than other treatments. There was no significant difference in dry weight of cucumber seedlings in rotation and CK in the soil sterilization test. The results of plant - soil feedback experiment showed that soil microbial changes caused by different rotation patterns had a positive feedback effect on growth of cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial variation on heavy metal concentrations in the bivalve Perna perna (LINNAEUS, 1758) on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Gomes Ferreira ◽  
André Luís dos Santos Machado ◽  
Ilana Rosental Zalmon
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Perna Perna ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Janeiro State

Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) concentrations were studied in Perna perna from three beaches (Barra do Furado, Buena and Ponta do Retiro) on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State by ICP-AES. The average concentration was 0.3 ± 0.04 (Cd); 1.9 ± 0.6 (Cr); 6.1 ± 0.7 (Cu); 1,130 ± 113 (Fe); 22 ± 3.2 (Mn); 9.3 ± 4.6 (Ni); 0.4 ± 0.2 (Pb); 44 ± 5.8 (Zn) µg.g-1 dry weight. There were no significant difference for almost all the studied metals in relation to sex. Although, significant spatial variations (p < 0.05) occurred for Cr, Pb and Ni with higher values for Barra do Furado. Temporal variations were significant (p < 0.05) at the three beaches, however, no trends of accumulation were observed. The metal concentrations were similar to areas under low pollution impact, except for Fe, which was probably due to the local substrates enriched in iron oxides.

scholarly journals HERBICIDAL EFFICACY OF ROOT EXUDATES OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) ON BARNYARD GRASS (ECHINOCHLOA CRUS-GALLI L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D
Keyword(s):  
Root Exudates ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Underground Part ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Germination And Growth

A laboratory study was conducted to assess the herbicidal potential of root exudates of three rice cultivars (ADT-36, BPT and IR-20) against germination and growth of common crop field weed, barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). Various concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) of root exudates were prepared from the underground part of rice cultivars from the postharvest rice fields. The studies revealed that all the three rice cultivars were exhibited significant inhibition on growth and development of weed species. Among the rice cultivars, ADT-36 exhibited the greatest inhibition on the seed germination (86%), seedling growth(83%), dry weight (81%) of barnyard cross than BPT and ADT-36. The percentage of inhibition on concentration depends. The order of inhibition of the rice cultivars was ADT-36 > BPT > IR-20 on barnyard grass.

scholarly journals FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nurhayati D. Purwantari
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Edible Part ◽  
P Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leucaena Species

Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH &gt;5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m above sea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowth of KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L. diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.

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