scholarly journals The relevance of vocational education to the livelihoods of rural youth, Luang Prabang Province, Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phonexay Soukkaseum
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Development Objectives

<p>Poverty reduction is a top global development priority. Among Least Developed Countries (a United Nations measurement which includes Laos), poverty reduction has been set as the highest development priority for governments, especially since the early 2000s. Scholars and researchers argue that raising national human capital through the provision of equitable access and quality of education could not only reduce poverty, but also increase economic growth, promote democracy, and ensure the sustainability of development.  This research examines specifically the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in supporting the livelihoods of rural people, especially the Indigenous youth in Luang Prabang province, situated in northern Laos. A sustainable livelihood approach, with an emphasis on human capital and human capabilities, was employed to examine this relationship. Qualitative and ethnographic research methodologies were employed, with interviews, a focus group and transect walks used as methods for data collection and analysis.  Results show that the current TVET policy and interventions have concentrated primarily on achieving (income) poverty reduction and economic development objectives, neglecting the importance of other multiple dimensions of human development. This research also reveals that the livelihood aspirations of rural youth are diverse and extend beyond economic prospects. They aspire for general wellbeing, democracy (self-agency and freedom) and social justice. If these dimensions of human development are to be promoted, the government may need to reshape its policy direction by incorporating a human capabilities approach in TVET, or more broadly in the national education system, while still fulfilling the desire for economic development objectives.</p>

scholarly journals The relevance of vocational education to the livelihoods of rural youth, Luang Prabang Province, Laos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Phonexay Soukkaseum
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Development Objectives

<p>Poverty reduction is a top global development priority. Among Least Developed Countries (a United Nations measurement which includes Laos), poverty reduction has been set as the highest development priority for governments, especially since the early 2000s. Scholars and researchers argue that raising national human capital through the provision of equitable access and quality of education could not only reduce poverty, but also increase economic growth, promote democracy, and ensure the sustainability of development.  This research examines specifically the role of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) in supporting the livelihoods of rural people, especially the Indigenous youth in Luang Prabang province, situated in northern Laos. A sustainable livelihood approach, with an emphasis on human capital and human capabilities, was employed to examine this relationship. Qualitative and ethnographic research methodologies were employed, with interviews, a focus group and transect walks used as methods for data collection and analysis.  Results show that the current TVET policy and interventions have concentrated primarily on achieving (income) poverty reduction and economic development objectives, neglecting the importance of other multiple dimensions of human development. This research also reveals that the livelihood aspirations of rural youth are diverse and extend beyond economic prospects. They aspire for general wellbeing, democracy (self-agency and freedom) and social justice. If these dimensions of human development are to be promoted, the government may need to reshape its policy direction by incorporating a human capabilities approach in TVET, or more broadly in the national education system, while still fulfilling the desire for economic development objectives.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of Employment Quality and Housing Quality on Human Development in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 969
Author(s):  
Marina Checa-Olivas ◽  
Bladimir de la Hoz-Rosales ◽  
Rafael Cano-Guervos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Employment Quality ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to contribute new information on how and through which factors employment quality and housing quality can be improved from a human development approach so that people can live the life they want. Using the human capabilities approach as a theoretical reference framework, the article analyses the effect of involuntary part-time employment and overcrowded housing on the Human Development Index (HDI). The empirical analysis is based on the panel data technique, which is applied to data from the European Statistical Office (Eurostat) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the 28 member countries of the European Union. The results shed new evidence on how involuntary part-time work and overcrowded housing limit or hinder people from living the lives they want, at least in the dimensions measured by the HDI.

Human Capabilities and Economic Development:The Extreme Outlier Societies

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-390
Author(s):  
Robert M. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Extreme Outlier ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Abstract One of the problems Amartya Sen raised in his capabilities approach was: why do people in some societies realize a much lower level of various kinds of human capabilities than would be expected on the basis of their GDP per capita, while other societies do better than expected? This paper focuses on six capabilities and functionings: life expectancy, schooling, living in a society with less income inequality and less gender inequality, political freedom and life satisfaction. Empirically I start with data on 156 societies and use regression analysis and case diagnostics to identify societies that are extreme outliers. These are identified as Singapore, Saudi Arabia and South Africa, each of which does significantly worse than expected (given their relatively high level of economic development) on two or more of the six capabilities. I then use qualitative analysis to specify, through “process-tracing”, the causal mechanisms that explain why these particular societies are so “unbalanced” in the relationship between their economic development and their human capabilities.

scholarly journals The impact of inflation in the human levels of poverty and its impact on the performance of human capital In Iraq, for the period 2010- 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rebar Fatah Mohammed ◽  
Ismail Aziz Asad ◽  
Abduallah Al-Dabash
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poor People ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrates the concept of poverty to deny the poor access to basic basket of goods consisting of food, clothing and housing, in addition to a minimum of other needs, such as health care, transportation and education .and human capital in Iraq suffers from poverty capacity that qualify to contribute to economic development. Research has adopted a hypothesis: that inflation lowers the value of the currency and thus raise the poverty line, which contributes to the increase in the number of poor in the country, which contributes to reducing the skills and abilities of young people to contribute to economic development . The research aims to study the effect of inflation in increasing the number of poor people in Iraq through the study of the impact of inflation and its impact on the poverty line on human capital in Iraq. The research has come to conclusions which: : The poverty line in Iraq, equivalent to about $ 100 a month, less than the rate of $ 2 per day, and this means that Iraq's poor live in deprivation and extreme poverty compared to poor African countries, non-oil, which constitutes the poverty line, up to $ 30-60 per month. The reasons for the high rates of inflation in Iraq due to the absence of a clearly . The spread of financial and administrative corruption, according to a report in the governance of the international organization which ranked Iraq the last state in transparency. Some styles of gatekeepers and decision-makers to adopt Gatekeepers  currency and pumped into the market or hard currency smuggling to neighboring countries . The research was presented proposals including: the development of macroeconomic policy include the ways and methods of reducing poverty in Iraq, and to benefit from the experiences of other countries such as Malaysia, Turkey and Singapore. Reduce the financial and administrative corruption through the dimensions of the corrupt and thieves for managerial positions and refer them to the courts . Open foreign direct investment in all areas of economic and service sectors to provide job opportunities contribute to the reduction of unemployment and poverty reduction.

scholarly journals The Russian Socio-Demographic Outlook: Problems and Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
A. A. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Income Poverty ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Female Population ◽  
National Project ◽  
Absolute Income ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Capital Development

The subject of the research is the goals and targets of the Demography national project and related national and federal projects aiming to resolve the problems of the socio-demographic development of Russia, primarily, elimination or at least reduction of poverty of a significant part of the country’s population. The purposes of the research were to identify and substantiate ways to solve socio-demographic problems defined in the national project, and estimate the scope of its financing planned by the Russian Federation Government. The paper proves that until now the lack of sufficient livelihood is monitored in Russia only by the absolute income poverty index, which makes it impossible to compare the poverty dynamics correctly in both time and space. The paper focuses on national projects aimed at increasing the human capital based on long-term forecasts of indicators to be achieved. It might happen that the planned significant contribution of the Russian Federation regions to the Healthcare national project will hamper the effective implementation of the Demography national project due to the lack of regional funds. It is proposed that reports on poverty reduction are submitted annually to the UNICEF to inform this international organization on measures taken to achieve the goal of twofold poverty reduction, particularly measures to ensure safe, healthy and happy childhood, in order to be aware of the poverty reduction progress. The issue of increasing life expectancy cannot be solved without taking measures specific for the male and female population. Therefore, the target statistics indicator ignoring the gender differences cannot be correct in respect of the entire population. It is concluded that if the national projects aimed at the human capital development have been implemented successfully the Russian socio-demographic policy will contribute to the growth of the economy.

scholarly journals A Contraditória Relação entre Livre-Mercado e Desenvolvimento Humano: Possíveis Soluções a partir do Conceito de Capacidades em Amartya Sen / The Contradictory Relationship between Free Market and Human Development: Possible Solutions from the Concept of Capabilities in Amartya Sen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Veras Castro Melo ◽  
Gina Vidal Marcílio Pompeu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
State Action ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The People ◽  
State Interference

Resumo: Investiga-se, por meio desse artigo, a relação entre livre-mercados e desenvolvimento humano, na perspectiva de coadunar tais mecanismos, com ênfase no pensamento de Amartya Sen. A metodologia aplicada é descritivo-analítica, além de qualitativa. Para tanto, parte da análise do mercado livre, com seu conceito e implicações, além da visão pautada no desenvolvimento. Sublinha-se a competência do mercado em promover o crescimento. Demonstra que o livre-mercado é a possibilidade de as pessoas realizarem trocas livremente, sem ingerência do Estado. Observa que tais interferências estatais na economia, muitas vezes, prejudicam o desenvolvimento, pois os agentes de mercado têm mais perícia para realizarem os cálculos econômicos. Empós, são estudadas as críticas ao livre-mercado, notadamente a sua incapacidade de combater as mazelas sociais sozinho, especialmente o desemprego, a fome, a pobreza e outros tipos de privação. Aborda a necessidade de coadunar o livre-mercado e o crescimento econômico com desenvolvimento humano, com o fito de proporcionar aos agentes envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento a participação nos ganhos econômicos, revertendo-os em conquistas sociais. Nessa perspectiva, apresenta a análise de Amartya Sen para essa relação e se enumera os dois polos por meio da concepção de capacidades. Por fim, avalia-se, por intermédio do autor, se o livre-mercado é o melhor meio de crescimento econômico e conclui-se pela incapacidade do mercado, sem a conjunção da atuação estatal, de resolver o desequilíbrio econômico-social. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de uma perspectiva que consiga concatenar livre-mercado e desenvolvimento humano, pelo incremento das capacidades humanas. Abstract: This article aims to address the issue of relationship between free markets and human development, especially in view of the possibilities of such consistent mechanisms, emphasizing the thought of Amartya Sen. The methodology is descriptive-analytic and qualitative. Therefore, it starts with an analysis of the free market, including its concept and practical implications, as well as its vision based on the perspective of development, stressing the responsibility of the market to promote economic development. It demonstrates that the free market is the possibility for the people to make trade freely, without State interference. It is noted that such State interference in the economy often hinders development, because market participants have more expertise to carry out the economic calculations. After, criticism of the free market will be studied, especially their inability to combat social ills alone, especially unemployment, hunger, poverty and other deprivation which people go through. Address the need for consistent free-market and economic growth with human development, provided the human agents involved in the development process participation in economic gains, reversing them in social achievements. Within this perspective, Amartya Sen’s analysis of this relationship will be presented, linking the two ends through the concept of capabilities. Finally, the paper will evaluate, by means of the work of the aforementioned author, if the free market is the best means of economic development, concluding that, without the conjunction of State action, the market fails to solve all the problems of the economy. The need for a perspective that can connect free market and human development through the analysis of human capabilities is emphasized.

The contribution to human development of social policies in the Central American Integration System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Bornemann-Martínez ◽  
Pedro Caldentey ◽  
Emilio J. Morales-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Central American ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Integration System ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the contribution to human development of social policies in the Central American Integration System (SICA), a tool for designing and implementing regional initiatives complementary to national policies. It considers whether the conceptual foundations of the social dimension in SICA are adequately defined and offers suggestions for redefining the social dimensions on the paradigm of human development and the capability approach. After providing an overview of the extent of human development and capability approaches in Central American development plans, the chapter discusses the progress of national social indicators in the region in terms of of the effectiveness of policies and indicators associated with human capabilities. In terms of regional policies, one proposal is to adjust the focus of the strategic approach of social integration in the SICA framework to the human development capabilities approach in member countries.

scholarly journals ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ СФЕРЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ СТРАНЫ

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Ахмедова Эсмира М.
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Development

This article indicates the results a comparative analysis the financing of the advanced countries of the world and similar indicators of Azerbaijan during the period active development of education and modernization of the economy. The methodology work is the fundamental works of foreign scientists, such as reports of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), human development index indicators in the field of determining and assessing the dependence of socio-economic development on public investment in education. It is displayed that Azerbaijan has resources and potential for growth of human capital, for social and economic development of the country. On the basis of the research, some conclusions and proposals are presented that contribute to improving the prospects for the economic development of Azerbaijan.

scholarly journals Can Health Human Capital Help the Sub-Saharan Africa Out of the Poverty Trap? An ARDL Model Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Su Wang ◽  
Yu-Fei Hua ◽  
Ran Tao ◽  
Nicoleta-Claudia Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Poverty Trap ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

This article explores the impact of health human capital on the poverty trap in Sub-Saharan Africa by autoregressive distribution lag model. In the long run, there is no evidence that health human capital can help the Sahara out of the poverty trap. While health human capital has a significant effect on poverty reduction in the short term. There is a threshold effect in the poverty reduction model of healthy human capital. When the economic development level reaches the threshold, the effect of poverty reduction is more obvious and deeper. The extended Solow economic growth model also proved that if the external human capital breaks through the threshold, it can make developing countries get rid of the poverty trap. Therefore, the economic development brought about by health care expenditure must benefit the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa and allow them to enjoy the welfare of social security.

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