Frufous System: A Simple Water Purifier with Hydro Filter Tool

<em>Water pollution is a change condition in a water reservoir such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater due to human activities. This pollution causes many aquatic organisms to die and causes various diseases. Based on these problems, a solution is needed to deal with water pollution. The solution was given in the manufacture of a simple water purifier that can be used at home, namely the Frufous water purifier system. The method used in this research was research and development (R & D) with a level of difficulty at level 1, namely researching without testing the product. The product was researched and developed as an alternative water filter by applying the Frufous system (From Us For Us). Validation of this product was carried out internally in a Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The product had been repaired according to the judgment and suggestions of expert and practitioner opinions. The product design had been declared internally tested. The results of this research and product development showed products that are original, functional, complex, and authentic. The Frufous water purifier system was complex so that it could filter dirty water into clean and clear water, compared to being untreated/filtered. This research was expected to be used as an inspiration for research ideas to be applied at an advanced level of difficulty, which can be tested externally and applied en masse.</em>

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Belief System: A Barrier to the Use of Modern Contraceptives among the Idoma of Benue State, North Central Nigeria

Journal of Asian and African Studies ◽

10.1177/0021909619888774 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 600-616

Author(s):

Chiemezie Scholastica Atama ◽

Uzoma Odera Okoye ◽

Amelia Ngozi Odo ◽

Aloysius Odii ◽

Uche Teresa Okonkwo

Keyword(s):

Contraceptive Use ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Belief System ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Chi Square ◽

North Central ◽

System A ◽

Modern Contraceptives ◽

Depth Interview ◽

Modern Contraceptive Use

Despite the benefit of modern contraception, its use remains low in Nigeria. This study examined belief system as a barrier to the use of modern contraceptives among the Idoma of Benue State, North Central Nigeria. Questionnaire ( n = 1107), in-depth interview ( n = 6) and focus group discussion ( n = 52) were used to collect data from three local government areas (LGAs). The results showed high levels of knowledge (88.0%), however, only 37.8% used modern contraceptives. The male condom had the highest percentage use (56.7%). Chi-square results showed that LGA, education and occupation were significantly related to the use of modern contraceptives. Being of greater age increased the likelihood of use, whereas higher levels of education and income decreased the likelihood of modern contraceptive use ( p < 0.05). Qualitative data indicated that married women were expected to eschew modern contraceptives due to their belief in Alekwu, the community deity. Designing interventions that are culturally specific could promote use of modern contraceptives among the group.

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Determination of Filtration and Purification System for Flood Water Filter

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i2.15.11188 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2.15) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Nurul Aini Kamarudin ◽

Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin ◽

Rosalan Umar ◽

Abdul Rahman Hassan ◽

Fathurrahman Lananan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Water ◽

Clean Water ◽

Pathogenic Microorganism ◽

Flood Water ◽

Water Filter ◽

Dirty Water ◽

Water Problem ◽

Purification System ◽

Water Well

Water is one of the basic needs which essential to life but cannot take it easy, it becomes more concern when a flood, there is plenty of dirty water than clean water, and the sources of the water are not approved to use. There are many kinds of waterborne pathogens which can donate diseases also death if not treating the water well before use. The treatment can be utilized based on the size of the microorganism. By identifying the size of the smallest bacteria will make easier to find the filtration based on the size of filter pores and other processes to ensure all the bacteria is removed and the water safe to use. Even there are many kinds of bacteria or microorganisms in the contaminated water, but the pathogens need to deal. The water will become clean and safe to use when the colour is clear and there is any pathogenic microorganism in there. This study is to ensure water is clean from pathogen after the flood water is filtered by know for sure the organism’s size and to overcome the lack of clean water problem during the flood and others purpose.

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Environmental impacts of livestock production

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500040930 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 13-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. R. Cumby ◽

V. R. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Management Practices ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Good Management ◽

Dirty Water

AbstractLivestock production under Northern European conditions can affect water, air and soil. Examples of the possible environmental effects on water are fish kills or microbial contamination, if solid manure, slurry, “dirty water” or silage effluent are collected, stored, handled or spread inappropriately. Examples of the possible environmental effects on air are emissions of ammonia (which can lead to acidification and, after subsequent deposition, to eutrophication), the greenhouse gases methane and nitrous oxide, odours and particulates.In the case of water pollution, good management practices using existing technology are usually adequate for preventing most environmental impacts. This often requires storage during periods when conditions are unsuitable for spreading, followed by carefully controlled application. However, for relatively dilute effluents (such as dairy farm “dirty water”), it may be more cost-effective to use different approaches, such as waste minimisation and/or continuous treatment and land spreading. Recent research results are reviewed and compared in this paper, to identify ways in which farmers can prevent water pollution at least cost. The potential implications of such measures on further reductions in the annual numbers of pollution incidents are discussed in conjunction with the impacts of different regulatory and punitive approaches.In the case of preventing air pollution, although good management can achieve much, there is a need for new technology to back it up. Existing ammonia abatement techniques are mostly expensive and farmer-unfriendly. In the longer term, changes to the animals' diet should hold the greater potential for abatement, not only of ammonia emissions but also of methane emissions. Reducing one form of pollution can often increase another, so an integrated approach to solving pollution problems is necessary.

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Can thiol compounds be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem contamination by cadmium?

Interdisciplinary Toxicology ◽

10.2478/v10102-009-0013-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jana Kovářová ◽

Zdeňka Svobodová

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Molecular Mass ◽

Aquatic Ecosystem ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Aquatic Animals ◽

Thiol Compounds ◽

Potential Use

Can thiol compounds be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystem contamination by cadmium?Due to anthropogenic activities, heavy metals still represent a threat for various trophic levels. If aquatic animals are exposed to heavy metals we can obviously observe considerable toxicity. It is well known that an organism affected by cadmium (Cd) synthesize low molecular mass thiol compounds rich in cysteine (Cys), such as metallothioneins (MT) and glutathione (GSH/GSSG). The aim of this study was to summarize the effect of Cd on level of thiol compounds in aquatic organisms, and evaluate that the concentrations of thiol compounds are effective indicators of Cd water pollution and explain their potential use in biomonitoring applications.

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Effects of Dumping Solid Waste on Water Quality of Surface Water Bodies

Journal of Plant and Environment ◽

10.33687/jpe.001.01.3575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Afshan Urooj ◽

Rida Ilyas ◽

Nimrud Humayun Humayun

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Waterborne Diseases ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Surface Water Bodies

Water pollution has been a hot debate for government and scientists. in addition, protecting river water quality is exceedingly immediate because of serious water pollution and global scarcity of water reservoir. This study was conducted to assess the effect of solid waste dumping on surface water quality. In return to achieve this, water samples were obtained in different months from site. Below site was selected due to the dumps on surface water. Water parameters pH, turbidity conductivity and temperature were determined using pH/conductivity meter, Most the values are within the permissible limits, but all the samples do not fulfill WHO requirements, site may have effects on human health due to waterborne diseases and on soil fertility.

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The second strategic plan of medical ethics: a national report

Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine ◽

10.18502/jmehm.v14i17.8177 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Parsapour ◽

Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki ◽

Hossein Malekafzali ◽

Farzaneh Zahedi ◽

Bagher Larijani

Keyword(s):

Medical Ethics ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Strategic Plan ◽

Comprehensive Plan ◽

System A ◽

National Strategic Plan ◽

National Report ◽

Supreme Council ◽

Research And Education

Medical ethics faces several challenges in different aspects of education, research, and treatment in medicine and healthcare practice. Design and implementation of a national strategic plan can pave the way for the development of a roadmap in various countries to strengthen ethics and address these challenges. To create a comprehensive plan compatible with the Iranian healthcare system, a multidisciplinary team of main stakeholders compiled a national strategic plan of medical ethics following several focus group discussion sessions and two workshops (2014-2017). Ultimately, the plan was confirmed by the Supreme Council for the Medical Ethics of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The current paper is a national report of the process and the medical ethics strategic plan in Iran. We have also tracked signs of progress and achievements in the country. In conclusion, this valuable effort has led to significant success in the implementation of medical ethics in clinical medicine, medical research, and education by using all the resources in our country. The participation of all the stakeholders, especially healthcare professionals in this way is required.

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Effects of Seasonal Thermal Stratification on Ammonia Nitrogen Transformation in a Source Water Reservoir

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9122218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2218

Author(s):

Jianchao Shi ◽

Lianxiang Wang ◽

Yongrui Yang ◽

Tinglin Huang

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Thermal Stratification ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Experimental Chamber ◽

Source Water ◽

Overlying Water ◽

High Tendency ◽

Ammonia Accumulation

Seasonal thermal stratification has a significant impact on water quality. In this paper, the variation of vertical distribution of ammonia nitrogen in a source water reservoir was studied, on the base of field monitoring data. The dominant factor of the variation in ammonia nitrogen is the anaerobic environment caused by the seasonal thermal stratification, which leads to the degradation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in the sediments. To determine the rates of ammonia accumulation, an in situ experimental chamber was used. The results showed that, before the formation of thermal stratification in the reservoir, sediments in the bottom of the water have a high tendency to release ammonia; the rates of ammonia accumulation in the overlying water are 40.31–111.41 mg·m−2·d−1. However, thermal stratification causes changes in the physical and chemical properties of the sediment and reduction in the degradability of the nitrogen-containing compound in the sediment. The rates of ammonia accumulation (39.44–44.65 mg·m−2·d−1) after thermal stratification are lower than before. Considering the water pollution hazards caused by seasonal thermal stratification, it is necessary to take corresponding emergency response measures to cope with the possibility of water pollution risk.

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The Relevance of deep ecological principles in Aquatic Crisis: A philosophical Analysis

Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics ◽

10.3329/bioethics.v11i2.50392 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 35-41

Author(s):

Osebor Ikechukwu Monday

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Human Activities ◽

Mass Extinction ◽

Common Good ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Philosophical Analysis ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Ecological Principles ◽

The Common

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that analyzes right or wrong of an action. Ethics studies all aspect of human activities; which water pollution is one. Water pollution is the emission of waste or chemicals into water bodies at a quantity that is harmful to man and the aquatic organisms. The Effects of water pollution include mass extinction species, decrease in the biodiversity, and scarcity of fresh water. The question to ask is “how can water pollution be ameliorated if not totally eradicated?” Using the method of philosophical analysis, the paper suggests that the implementation of deep ecological principles by policy makers would be abatements and environmental consciousness for the common good of the society.

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Training on Making Environmentally Friendly Clean Water Filters Using Used Bottles for Residents of Tegallega Village in Cianjur Regency

International Journal of Research in Community Services ◽

10.46336/ijrcs.v2i3.221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 10-114

Author(s):

Rina Rindiani

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Clean Water ◽

Water Filter ◽

Dirty Water ◽

Service Activity ◽

Dug Wells ◽

Activity Method ◽

Water Filters

Tegallega Village, Warung Kondang District, Cianjur Regency has a problem regarding the availability of clean water, the water used by residents comes from the Cimanceuri River or dug wells where the water is relatively cloudy, even though the use of dirty water has the potential to cause various health problems, such as cholera, dysentery, typhus, and tuberculosis and other diseases. The availability of clean water has always been one of the characteristics of community welfare. How not without clean water it is impossible to realize a prosperous society, a physically and mentally healthy society as a form of participation in developing public health. This activity method in community service uses a follow-up study method with a participatory approach in community service, the team conducts training on how to make simple water filtration that can be used as a source of clean water for families by using plastic bottle waste and other environmentally friendly materials that residents can find around environment in making the dirty water filter. The results of this Community Service Activity went smoothly and were greeted with great enthusiasm by the residents because the practice of making water purification equipment made with materials such as pebbles, coconut fiber, charcoal, fibers, and sponges functioned well from the water which was originally colored cloudy turns to be clearer and odorless.

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