SOCIAL PROTECTION OF POPULATION IN THE SOUTHERN REGIONS OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Fakhriddin Yormatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Positive Work ◽  
Made In

This article provides a comprehensive overview on the positive work carried out in the southern provinces of Uzbekistan during the years of independence and the achievements made in this area

scholarly journals Narrative review of EHDI in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvarani Moodley ◽  
Claudine Storbeck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Screening ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Made In

Background: With 17 babies born with hearing loss every day in South Africa, there is a pressing need for systematic Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) services. Progress is being made in offering newborn hearing screening and studies have been conducted to document these processes within South Africa. However, due to the lack of a national and holistic overview of EHDI services to date, an accurate picture of the current status of EHDI within the South African context is required. Objective: To document and profile what has been published within the field of EHDI in South Africa over the last two decades (Jan 1995–Sept 2014) in order to gain a comprehensive overview of the current status and practice of screening and diagnosis in the field of paediatric hearing loss. Method: A narrative review of peer-reviewed articles related to EHDI in South Africa was conducted by searching the EBSCOHOST, SCOPUS and JSTOR databases for the period January 1995 to September 2014. Results: Results indicate that over the last two decades research and publications in the field of EHDI have increased considerably. These publications have revealed extensive knowledge related to paediatric hearing screening and intervention services in South Africa; however, this knowledge seems to be limited primarily to the provinces of Gauteng and the Western Cape. Furthermore, studies pertaining to diagnosis have revealed that, although much has been written on the scientific aspects on tools for diagnosis of hearing loss, there is a lack of comprehensive information on diagnostic protocols and procedures. Conclusion: Despite the clear progress being made in South Africa in the field of early hearing detection and intervention, there is a need for comprehensive studies on protocols and procedures in diagnosing paediatric hearing loss. Finally, the narrative review revealed a clear need to ensure that development and growth in the field of EHDI is a national priority and extends beyond the two provinces currently showing growth.

The Oxford Handbook of Hope

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The Oxford Handbook of Hope provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the science and practice of hope. Hope has long been a topic of interest to philosophers and the general public, but it was only in recent decades that hope became a focus of psychological science. Rick Snyder defined hope as a cognitive trait that helps individuals to identify and pursue goals and consists of two components: pathways, the perceived capacity to identify strategies necessary to achieve goals, and agency, the willpower or motivation to pursue those pathways to achieve goals. Hope has become one of most robust and promising topics in the burgeoning field of positive psychology. This book reviews the progress that has been made in the past 25 years regarding the origins and influence of hope. Topics covered include current theoretical perspectives on how best to define hope and how it is distinct from related constructs, current best practices for measuring and quantifying hope, interventions and strategies for promoting hope across different settings and the lifespan, the impact that hope has on many dimensions and domains of physical and mental health, and the many ways and contexts in which hope promotes resilience and positive functioning. Experts in the field both review what is currently known about the role of hope in different domains and identify topics and questions that can help to guide the next decade of research. The handbook concludes with a collaborative vision on the future directions of the science of hope.

Social Protection and Vulnerability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Welfare Institutions ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
The Social ◽  
Racial Exclusion ◽  
Fair Wages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This chapter surveys the interlocking ensemble of public policy choices made in Australia around the beginning of the twentieth century, tracing the impact they have had over time. Policies of tariff protectionism, wage arbitration, racial exclusion, and social welfare were embedded in institutions. Using the framework of historical institutionalism, the chapter charts the gradual demolition of these policies, and of the distinctive pattern of social protection they attempted to develop. Shifting from a highly protected economy to one more exposed to global forces undermined the old system of ‘domestic defence’, placing significant pressure on a male breadwinner wages system and on the social welfare institutions built on the presumption of fair wages. In this scenario, it is remarkable that the welfare system has remained largely intact.

scholarly journals Inhibitors of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and Signal Transduction

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Rozhon ◽  
Sonia Akter ◽  
Atiara Fernandez ◽  
Brigitte Poppenberger
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Reverse Genetic ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Made In

Chemical inhibitors are invaluable tools for investigating protein function in reverse genetic approaches. Their application bears many advantages over mutant generation and characterization. Inhibitors can overcome functional redundancy, their application is not limited to species for which tools of molecular genetics are available and they can be applied to specific tissues or developmental stages, making them highly convenient for addressing biological questions. The use of inhibitors has helped to elucidate hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and here we review compounds that were developed for the plant hormones brassinosteroids (BRs). BRs are steroids that have strong growth-promoting capacities, are crucial for all stages of plant development and participate in adaptive growth processes and stress response reactions. In the last two decades, impressive progress has been made in BR inhibitor development and application, which has been instrumental for studying BR modes of activity and identifying and characterizing key players. Both, inhibitors that target biosynthesis, such as brassinazole, and inhibitors that target signaling, such as bikinin, exist and in a comprehensive overview we summarize knowledge and methodology that enabled their design and key findings of their use. In addition, the potential of BR inhibitors for commercial application in plant production is discussed.

scholarly journals Human rights and education for Gambian young women during COVID-19: Recommendations for social policy and practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-829
Author(s):  
Wisuwat Wannamakok ◽  
Oumie Sissokho ◽  
Trevor G Gates
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

COVID-19 is not only a global health disaster but a full-fledged social, economic, and political crisis that could disrupt the gains made in women’s education and empowerment. In The Gambia, issues of unequal access to educational resources determined by gender, geographical location, and social class; a disproportionate burden of household chores imposed on women and girls; and economic pressures have the potential to expose girls to more violence, exclusion, and abuse. In this article, we use a human rights framework, as conceptualized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), and discuss increases in educational inequality that young women in a poor, conservative, and patriarchal society will face during the COVID-19 pandemic. We propose solutions to mitigate these issues through social protection policies and practices that can ensure the right to education for the most vulnerable and marginalized.

Notwendige Sicherung menschlicher Würde im Alter- Sozialethische Überlegungen zur Rentenreform

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Siegtried Keil
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Made In

Abstract In view of the failures made in the past, the necessity of a reform of the old-age pension scheme is pointed out and biblically proved. The new positions of women and men demand ·the organization of an independent social protection of the housewife and mother, the decrease in births the further development of the two-generations-contract to a three-generations-contract. The commonly agreed old-age pension ·reform of 1992 is measured against these elaborated exigencies and criticized in crucial points at issue.

scholarly journals Ljós í myrkri: Saga kvikmyndunar á Íslandi

Ritið ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-42
Author(s):  
Björn Ægir Norðfjörð
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Subject Material ◽  
First Time ◽  
Typical Model ◽  
Made In

This essay offers a succinct but comprehensive overview of Icelandic cinema from its early 20th-century emergence to the present day. Split into two parts, the first half focusses on filmmaking in Iceland prior to the founding of the Icelandic Film Fund in 1978, which was to establish a continuous local film production for the first time. Prior to that filmmaking in Iceland boiled down to the occasional efforts of local amateurs, albeit often quite skilled ones, and professional filmmakers visiting from abroad. Indeed, the few silent feature films made in the country all stemmed from foreign filmmakers adapting Icelandic literature and taking advantage of its photogenic landscapes. The first Icelandic feature was not made until 1948 and although immensely popular, like those that followed in its wake, the national audience was simply too small to sustain filmmaking without financial support. Although this changed fundamentally with the Icelandic Film Fund, which instigated contemporary Icelandic cinema and the subject of the essay’s second half, the Fund’s support proved insufficient as the novelty of Icelandic cinema began to wear off at the local box office in the late 1980s. The rescue came from outside sources, in the form of nordic and European film funds, whose support was to transnationalize Icelandic cinema in terms of not only financing and production but also themes and subject material. These changes are most apparent in Icelandic cinema of the 1990s which also began to garner interest at the international film festival circuit. In the first decade of the twenty first century, however, American genre cinema began to replace the European art film as the typical model for Icelandic filmmakers. Hollywood itself also began to show extensive interest in Icelandic landscapes for its runaway productions, as did many other foreign film crews. In this way Icelandic cinema is increasingly characterized by not only national and transnational elements but also international ones.

scholarly journals Appraising Computing Self-Efficacy Emotions across a 5-Week Multimedia Authoring Project

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
C. A. DeCoursey ◽  
C. Bernal Sati
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Attitude Survey ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Multimedia Authoring ◽  
Class A ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Made In

<p>Emotion is a key aspect of how non-specialists learn computing. The emotions included in Computing Self-Efficacy (CSE) research were identified prior to the emergence of recent models of emotion. There has been no attempt to inventory attitudes elicited while learning computing, using contemporary psycholinguistic models of subjectivity. This study of 58 medical students in Saudi Arabia used Appraisal analysis of weekly written personal responses to gain a comprehensive overview of emotions elicited during five weeks’ instruction on website-building. A Before-After Survey identified gains made in reported frequency of tasks performed outside class. A Weekly Attitude Survey identified the strength of 6 previously-identified CSE emotions, framed as positive-negative pairs. Participant journals showed that many emotions included in previous CSE emotions are not frequently-realised, and attitudes are changeable across the learning process. Overall, most positive-negative pairs do not behave correlatively, some persist where others progress, and incidence is a better guide than polarity to an attitude’s significance. Capacity and confidence suggest three stages in learning a computing task.</p>

scholarly journals Measurements and Trends in Technological Eco-Innovation: Evidence from Environment-Related Patents

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Maria Urbaniec ◽  
Justyna Tomala ◽  
Sergio Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Environmental Technologies ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Made In

The concept of eco-innovation addresses a reduction in negative environmental impacts and the more efficient use of resources. As an integral part of eco-innovation, green technologies are receiving increasing attention due to growing environmental concerns. Patent data are one of the measures of the output of technological eco-innovation. However, understanding the patenting of eco-innovation comes with challenges. The aim of this study is to measure the output of eco-innovation and to analyse the trends in green technologies based on environment-related patents in the world’s leading countries from 2000 to 2017. For this research, a range of data collection techniques based on patent data from leading countries such as China, Korea, Japan, United States and Germany were employed. The study provides a comprehensive overview of changes and trends in the development of environmental technologies using different domains. In particular, significant progress has been made in the areas of environmental technologies and climate change mitigation technologies related to energy generation, transmission or distribution. These technologies are closely linked to international environmental policies such as climate change mitigation and green industry transformation. The study also contributes to the literature on measuring the output of eco-innovation.

scholarly journals Substrate polyspecificity and conformational relevance in ABC transporters: new insights from structural studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1475-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Wright ◽  
Stephen P. Muench ◽  
Adrian Goldman ◽  
Alison Baker
Keyword(s):  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Biological Membranes ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
New Information ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multidrug Resistance Transporters ◽  
Made In

Transport of molecules and ions across biological membranes is an essential process in all organisms. It is carried out by a range of evolutionarily conserved primary and secondary transporters. A significant portion of the primary transporters belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, which utilise the free-energy from ATP hydrolysis to shuttle many different substrates across various biological membranes, and consequently, are involved in both normal and abnormal physiology. In humans, ABC transporter-associated pathologies are perhaps best exemplified by multidrug-resistance transporters that efflux many xenobiotic compounds due to their remarkable substrate polyspecificity. Accordingly, understanding the transport mechanism(s) is of great significance, and indeed, much progress has been made in recent years, particularly from structural studies on ABC exporters. Consequently, the general mechanism of ‘alternate access’ has been modified to describe individual transporter nuances, though some aspects of the transport process remain unclear. Moreover, as new information has emerged, the physiological relevance of the ‘open-apo’ conformation of MsbA (a bacterial exporter) has been questioned and, by extension, its contribution to mechanistic models. We present here a comprehensive overview of the most recently solved structures of ABC exporters, focusing on new insights regarding the nature of substrate polyspecificity and the physiological relevance of the ‘open-apo’ conformation. This review evaluates the claim that the latter may be an artefact of detergent solubilisation, and we hypothesise that the biophysical properties of the membrane play a key role in the function of ABC exporters allowing them to behave like a ‘spring-hinge’ during their transport cycle.

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