scholarly journals Analisis Kekuatan Stabilizer Bar (Anti-Roll Bar) Pada Kendaraan Roda Empat Menggunakan Bantuan Software Solidworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Iwan Agustiawan ◽  
Ardi Adhiguna Riyadhi
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Model And Simulation ◽  
Body Roll ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstrak Stabilizer bar berfungsi mengurangi besarnya sudut rolling, sehingga diharapkan kendaraan lebih stabil. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kekuatan stabilizer bar akibat body roll kendaraan dengan pemodelan dan simulasi serta analisis menggunakan bantuan software solidworks. Metode yang digunakan adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik fisik, beban, tumpuan dan material yang digunakan untuk proses pemodelan serta simulasi sederhana menggunakan software solidworks sehingga dapat memperoleh tegangan geser dan faktor keamanan. Sebagai pembanding terhadap model dan simulasi solidwork, tegangan geser maksimum yang terjadi dihitung secara manual berdasarkan momen puntir dan momen lentur yang bekerja secara simultan dalam stabilizer bar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ketika kendaraan mengalami body roll sebesar 3,51° dimana stabilizer bar terpuntir 2,62° dan mengalami tegangan geser dan faktor keamanan dari perhitungan manual, yaitu 52,47 MPa dan 9,39 untuk beban statis, 104,94 MPa dan 4,69 untuk beban dinamis. Berdasarkan analisis menggunakan software solidwork tegangan geser dan faktor keamanan, yaitu 50,05 MPa dan 8,96 untuk kondisi statis, 100,1 MPa dan 4,48 untuk kondisi dinamis. Berdasarkan prediksi menggunakan persamaan regresi linier, maka sudut body roll kritis yang dapat dicapai adalah sebesar 45,99° ketika stabilizer bar mulai mengalami deformasi plastis.  Kata kunci : Stabilizer Bar, Anti-Roll Bar, Solidworks Abstract The stabilizer bar functions to reduce the amount of rolling angle, so that the vehicle is expected to be more stable. The purpose of this research is to determine the strength of the stabilizer bar due to vehicle body roll by modeling and simulation and analysis using Solidworks software. The method used is to identify the physical characteristics, loads, supports and materials used for the modeling process and simple simulations using solidworks software so as to obtain shear stress and safety factors. As a comparison to the solidwork model and simulation, the maximum shear stress that occurs is calculated manually based on the torsional moment and the bending moment that work simultaneously in the stabilizer bar. The results of this study indicate that when the vehicle experiences a body roll of 3.51 ° where the stabilizer bar is twisted 2.62 ° and experiences shear stress and safety factors from manual calculations, namely 52.47 MPa and 9.39 for static loads, 104.94 MPa and 4.69 for dynamic loads. Based on the analysis using solidwork shear stress software and safety factors, namely 50.05 MPa and 8.96 for static conditions, 100.1 MPa and 4.48 for dynamic conditions. Based on predictions using linear regression equations, the critical body roll angle that can be achieved is 45.99 ° when the stabilizer bar begins to undergo plastic deformation. Keywords : Stabilizer Bar, Anti-Roll Bar, Solidworks

Stresses in a Reinforced Monocoque Cylinder Under Concentrated Symmetric Transverse Loads

1944 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. A235-A239
Author(s):  
N. J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Normal Stress Distribution ◽  
Transverse Loads ◽  
Conventional Analysis ◽  
Analysis Application

Abstract The stresses in the sheet covering, stringers, and rings of a reinforced monocoque cylinder of circular cross section are calculated for the case of a loading consisting of concentrated symmetric forces applied to the rings in the planes of the rings. The conventional assumptions of a linear normal stress distribution and a corresponding shear-stress distribution in the bent cylinder are replaced by a least-work analysis. Application of the theory to the numerical example of a cantilever monocoque cylinder yields a maximum shear stress in the sheet covering and a maximum bending moment in the ring amounting to 900 per cent and 33 per cent, respectively, of the values obtained by the conventional analysis.

Study on the strength of glued laminated timber beams with round holes: difference in structural performance between homogeneous-grade and heterogeneous-grade timber

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigefumi Okamoto ◽  
Nobuhiko Akiyama ◽  
Yasuhiro Araki ◽  
Kenji Aoki ◽  
Masahiro Inayama
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Laminated Beams ◽  
Strength Grade ◽  
Glued Laminated Timber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Beam Height ◽  
Timber Beams

AbstractVarious design codes and design proposals have been proposed for glued laminated timber beams with round holes, assuming that the entire beam is composed of homogeneous-grade timber. However, in Japan, glued laminated timber composed of homogeneous-grade timber is rarely used for beams. In this study, the difference in the load-bearing capacity of glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade timber and heterogeneous-grade timber with round holes when fractured by cracking was investigated experimentally and analytically. The materials used in the tests were glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade Scots pine timber with a strength grade of E105-F345 and heterogeneous-grade Scots pine timber with a strength grade of E105-F300. Experiments confirmed that although the glued laminated beams composed of heterogeneous-grade timber have a lower material strength in the lamina with holes, its resistance to fracturing due to cracks associated with the holes is almost the same as that of the glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade timber. The stresses acting on the holes in the laminated timber with holes of less than half the beam height were lower in the glued laminated beams composed of heterogeneous-grade timber than in the glued laminated beams composed of homogeneous-grade timber. The ratio of the stresses was found to be approximately equal to the ratio of the maximum bending stress or the maximum shear stress acting on the inner layer lamina, as determined by Bernoulli–Euler theory.

scholarly journals Studying the performance of fully encapsulated rock bolts with modified structural elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhang Chen ◽  
Hongbao Zhao ◽  
Fulian He ◽  
Junwen Zhang ◽  
Kangming Tao
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Rock Bolt ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Rock Bolts ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Bolt Diameter

AbstractNumerical simulation is a useful tool in investigating the loading performance of rock bolts. The cable structural elements (cableSELs) in FLAC3D are commonly adopted to simulate rock bolts to solve geotechnical issues. In this study, the bonding performance of the interface between the rock bolt and the grout material was simulated with a two-stage shearing coupling model. Furthermore, the FISH language was used to incorporate this two-stage shear coupling model into FLAC3D to modify the current cableSELs. Comparison was performed between numerical and experimental results to confirm that the numerical approach can properly simulate the loading performance of rock bolts. Based on the modified cableSELs, the influence of the bolt diameter on the performance of rock bolts and the shear stress propagation along the interface between the bolt and the grout were studied. The simulation results indicated that the load transfer capacity of rock bolts rose with the rock bolt diameter apparently. With the bolt diameter increasing, the performance of the rock bolting system was likely to change from the ductile behaviour to the brittle behaviour. Moreover, after the rock bolt was loaded, the position where the maximum shear stress occurred was variable. Specifically, with the continuous loading, it shifted from the rock bolt loaded end to the other end.

Flow and Thermal Fields in a Pendant Droplet Moving on Lyophobic Surface

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basant Singh Sikarwar ◽  
K. Muralidhar ◽  
Sameer Khandekar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Wall Shear Stress ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Wall Shear

Clusters of liquid drops growing and moving on physically or chemically textured lyophobic surfaces are encountered in drop-wise mode of vapor condensation. As opposed to film-wise condensation, drops permit a large heat transfer coefficient and are hence attractive. However, the temporal sustainability of drop formation on a surface is a challenging task, primarily because the sliding drops eventually leach away the lyophobicity promoter layer. Assuming that there is no chemical reaction between the promoter and the condensing liquid, the wall shear stress (viscous resistance) is the prime parameter for controlling physical leaching. The dynamic shape of individual droplets, as they form and roll/slide on such surfaces, determines the effective shear interaction at the wall. Given a shear stress distribution of an individual droplet, the net effect of droplet ensemble can be determined using the time averaged population density during condensation. In this paper, we solve the Navier-Stokes and the energy equation in three-dimensions on an unstructured tetrahedral grid representing the computational domain corresponding to an isolated pendant droplet sliding on a lyophobic substrate. We correlate the droplet Reynolds number (Re = 10–500, based on droplet hydraulic diameter), contact angle and shape of droplet with wall shear stress and heat transfer coefficient. The simulations presented here are for Prandtl Number (Pr) = 5.8. We see that, both Poiseuille number (Po) and Nusselt number (Nu), increase with increasing the droplet Reynolds number. The maximum shear stress as well as heat transfer occurs at the droplet corners. For a given droplet volume, increasing contact angle decreases the transport coefficients.

Effect of glycocalyx on shear-dependent albumin uptake in endothelial cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (5) ◽  
pp. H2287-H2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinori Ueda ◽  
Manabu Shimomura ◽  
Mariko Ikeda ◽  
Ryuhei Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Tanishita
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Interface Barrier ◽  
Uptake Process ◽  
Static Conditions

The glycocalyx layer on the surface of an endothelial cell is an interface barrier for uptake of macromolecules, such as low-density lipoprotein and albumin, in the cell. The shear-dependent uptake of macromolecules thus might govern the function of the glycocalyx layer. We therefore studied the effect of glycocalyx on the shear-dependent uptake of macromolecules into endothelial cells. Bovine aorta endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress stimulus ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 Pa for 48 h. The albumin uptake into the cells was then measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the microstructure of glycocalyx was observed using electron microscopy. Compared with the uptake into endothelial cells under static conditions (no shear stress stimulus), the albumin uptake at a shear stress of 1.0 Pa increased by 16% and at 3.0 Pa decreased by 27%. Compared with static conditions, the thickness of the glycocalyx layer increased by 70% and the glycocalyx charge increased by 80% at a shear stress of 3.0 Pa. The albumin uptake at a shear stress of 3.0 Pa for cells with a neutralized (no charge) glycocalyx layer was almost twice that of cells with charged layer. These findings indicate that glycocalyx influences the albumin uptake at higher shear stress and that glycocalyx properties (thickness and charge level) are involved with the shear-dependent albumin uptake process.

A critical look at the Wallace-Bott hypothesis in fault-slip analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 184 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Homogeneous State ◽  
Slip Direction ◽  
Fault Surface ◽  
State Of Stress ◽  
Simultaneous Movement

AbstractThe assumption is widely made that slip on faults occurs in the direction of maximum resolved shear stress, an assumption known as the Wallace-Bott hypothesis. This assumption is used to theoretically predict slip directions from known in situ stresses, and also as the basis of palaeostress inversion from fault-slip data. This paper examines different situations in relation to the appropriateness of this assumption. Firstly, it is shown that the magnitude of the shear stress resolved within a plane is a function with a poorly defined maximum direction, so that shear stress values greater than 90% of the maximum occur within a wide angular range (± 26°) degrees. The situation of simultaneous movement on pairs of faults requires slip on each fault to be parallel to their mutual line of intersection. However, the resolved shear stresses arising from a homogeneous state of stress do not accord with such a slip arrangement except in the case of pairs of perpendicular faults. Where fault surfaces are non-planar, the directions of resolved shear stress in general give, according to the Wallace-Bott hypothesis, a set of slip directions of rigid fault blocks, which is generally kinematically incompatible. Finally, a simple model of a corrugated fault suggests that any anisotropy of the shear strength of the fault such as that arising from fault surface topography, can lead to a significant angular difference between the directions of maximum shear stress and the slip direction.These findings have relevance to the design of procedures used to estimate palaeostresses and the amount of data required for this type of analysis.

Shear stress induces hepatocyte PAI-1 gene expression through cooperative Sp1/Ets-1 activation of transcription

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. G26-G34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Nakatsuka ◽  
Takaaki Sokabe ◽  
Kimiko Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshinobu Sato ◽  
Katsuyoshi Hatakeyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Immediate Early ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Consensus Sequences ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Pai 1

Partial hepatectomy causes hemodynamic changes that increase portal blood flow in the remaining lobe, where the expression of immediate-early genes, including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), is induced. We hypothesized that a hyperdynamic circulatory state occurring in the remaining lobe induces immediate-early gene expression. In this study, we investigated whether the mechanical force generated by flowing blood, shear stress, induces PAI-1 expression in hepatocytes. When cultured rat hepatocytes were exposed to flow, PAI-1 mRNA levels began to increase within 3 h, peaked at levels significantly higher than the static control levels, and then gradually decreased. The flow-induced PAI-1 expression was shear stress dependent rather than shear rate dependent and accompanied by increased hepatocyte production of PAI-1 protein. Shear stress increased PAI-1 transcription but did not affect PAI-1 mRNA stability. Functional analysis of the 2.1-kb PAI-1 5′-promoter indicated that a 278-bp segment containing transcription factor Sp1 and Ets-1 consensus sequences was critical to the shear stress-dependent increase of PAI-1 transcription. Mutations of both the Sp1 and Ets-1 consensus sequences, but not of either one alone, markedly prevented basal PAI-1 transcription and abolished the response of the PAI-1 promoter to shear stress. EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed binding of Sp1 and Ets-1 to each consensus sequence under static conditions, which increased in response to shear stress. In conclusion, hepatocyte PAI-1 expression is flow sensitive and transcriptionally regulated by shear stress via cooperative interactions between Sp1 and Ets-1.

Study on Thermal Cycling of Sn0.7Cu Solder

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 362-365
Author(s):  
Li Yang ◽  
Ju Li Li ◽  
Jing Guo Ge ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Nan Ji
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Steady State ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Steady State Creep ◽  
Maximum Shear Strain ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
State Cycle

Thermal cycling of a unit Sn0.7Cu solder was studied based on the steady-state creep constitutive equation and Matlab software. The results show that there is a steady-state cycle for the thermal cycling of unit Sn0.7Cu eutectic solder. In steady-state thermal cycling, the shear stress is increased with the increase of temperature. There is a stage of stress relaxation during high temperature. A liner relationship between maximum shear stress and maximum shear strain is observed during thermal cycling. The metastable cycle number is declined greatly with the increase of maximum shear strain.

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