scholarly journals Risco de Desabastecimento Hídrico na Região Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 3711
Author(s):  
Yuri Marques Macedo ◽  
Adriano Lima Troleis ◽  
Lutiane Queiroz de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
State Planning

Este trabalho tem como propósito analisar o risco de desabastecimento hídrico urbano municipal em uma região do estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN), a partir dos resultados do Índice de Risco de Desabastecimento Hídrico (IRDH). A pesquisa foi direcionada pela hipótese de que a relação entre fatores ambientais, infraestruturais, socioeconômicos e de planejamento estatal, produz territórios de risco de desabastecimento hídrico. Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos estão baseados em Welle e Birkmann (2015); Almeida, Welle e Birkmann (2016); Medeiros (2018); Oliveira (2018); Macedo e Troleis (2020). Neste contexto, o IRDH foi estruturado em uma perspectiva sistêmica, onde os territórios de risco de desabastecimento hídrico foram identificados a partir de indicadores ambientais, infraestruturais, socioeconômicos e de planejamento estatal, utilizando como instrumentos de análise 19 variáveis. Como resultado o artigo apresenta a região de abastecimento hídrico Seridó, com 23 municípios, dos quais 20 foram classificados como ‘alto risco’ de desabastecimento hídrico (87%); 3 com ‘médio risco’ (13%) e nenhum com ‘baixo’, ‘muito baixo’ e ‘muito alto’ risco conforme a classificação do IRDH. A região apresentou-se extremamente vulnerável ao desabastecimento hídrico, principalmente pelas características ambientais e infraestruturais destacados por períodos de estiagem prolongada, baixa disponibilidade de abastecimento dos mananciais superficiais e subterrâneos, além de fragilidade na infraestrutura de saneamento básico, a partir da exposição dos mananciais à contaminação. Foram propostas a transposição de bacias, integração de sistemas de abastecimento, pesquisa hidrogeológica entre outras, para mitigação do risco de desabastecimento hídrico resultante para esta região.Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade; Índice; Seridó, Colapso Hídrico.  Risk of Water Shortage in The Seridó Region of Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil A B S T R A C TThis paper aims to analyze the risk of municipal urban water shortages in a region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), based on the results of the Water Supply Risk Index (IRDH). The research was guided by the hypothesis that the relationship between environmental, infrastructural, socioeconomic and state planning factors produces territories at risk of water shortages. The theoretical-methodological assumptions are based on Welle e Birkmann (2015); Almeida, Welle and Birkmann (2016); Medeiros (2018); Oliveira (2018); Macedo and Troleis (2020). In this context, the IRDH was structured from a systemic perspective, in which the territories at risk of water shortages were identified through environmental, infrastructural, socioeconomic and state planning indicators - as instruments of analysis, nineteen variables were used. As a result, the article presents the Seridó water supply region, with 23 municipalities, of which 20 were classified as 'high risk' of water shortages (87%); 3 as ‘medium risk’ (13%) and none as ‘low’, ‘very low’ and ‘very high’ risk as per the IRDH rating. The region is extremely vulnerable to water shortages, the main reasons are the environmental and infrastructural characteristics highlighted by periods of prolonged drought, low availability of supply of surface and underground water sources, in addition to shortcoming in basic sanitation infrastructure, which caused by the exposure of water sources to contamination. Watershed transposition, integration of supply systems, hydrogeological research, among others, were proposed to mitigate the risk of resulting water shortages for this region.Keywords: Vulnerability; Index; Seridó, Water Collapse

scholarly journals Assessment of Future Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Water Supply Capacity in Geum River Basin Using SWAT and MODSIM-DSS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Sehoon Kim ◽  
Chunggil Jung ◽  
Jiwan Lee ◽  
Jinuk Kim ◽  
Seongjoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Agricultural Water Supply ◽  
Supply Capacity

This study is to evaluate future agricultural water supply capacity in Geum river basin (9,865 km<sup>2</sup>) using SWAT and MODSIM-DSS. The MODSIM-DSS was established by dividing the basin into 14 subbasins, and the irrigation facilities of agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations, diversions, culverts and groundwater wells were grouped within each subbasin, and networked between subbasins including municipal and industrial water supplies. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using 11 years (2005-2015) daily streamflow data of two dams (DCD and YDD) and 4 years (August 2012 to December 2015) data of three weirs (SJW, GJW, and BJW) considering water withdrawals and return flows from agricultural, municipal, and industrial water uses. The Nash−Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of two dam and three weirs inflows were 0.55∼0.70 and 0.57∼0.77 respectively. Through MODSIM-DSS run for 34 years from 1982 to 2015, the agricultural water shortage had occurred during the drought years of 1982, 1988, 1994, 2001 and 2015. The agricultural water shortage could be calculated as 197.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, 181.9 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, 211.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, 189.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> and 182.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> respectively. The big shortages of agricultural water were shown in water resources unit map number of 3004 (Yeongdongcheon) and 3012 (Geumgang Gongju) areas exceeding 25.1 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> and 47.4 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. From the estimation of future agricultural water requirement using RCP 8.5 INM-CM4 scenario, the 3004 and 3012 areas showed significant water shortages of 26.1 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> (104.1%) and 50.9 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> (107.4%) in 2080s (2070∼2099) compared to the present shortages. The water shortages decreased to 23.6 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> (94.0%) and 43.3 × 10<sup>6</sup> m<sup>3</sup> (91.4%) below of the present shortages by developing irrigation facilities.

An Integrated Decision-Making Framework to Appraise Water Losses in Municipal Water Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 1293-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaher H. Zyoud ◽  
Daniela Fuchs-Hanusch
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Individual

To mitigate the acute water shortage problems, water utilities are combating to find potential solutions. Water losses management in Water Supply Networks (WSNs) is amongst the prominent solutions. This work intends to develop a decision support framework to diagnose the criticality of WSNs according to an associated Water Loss Risk Index (WLRI) at pipe and zone levels. It utilized the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to evaluate the influential factors that contribute to water losses. The Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation Technique (FSET) has been utilized to assess WLRI at pipe level and Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator has been used to aggregate the individual WLRI values for each zone. The framework is extended by incorporating Monte Carlo simulation model to generate the final ranking of zones. The outcomes of this simulation showed fair stability in terms of ranking the scrutinized zones. The integration of this framework in water losses management practices and planning policies of water utilities has a large potential in improving water supply services and the performance of WSNs.

scholarly journals Estimation of Prevalence of Osteoporosis Using OSTA and Its Correlation with Sociodemographic Factors, Disability and Comorbidities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peizhi Wang ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
Siow Ann Chong ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevention Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Health Organization

Osteoporosis is a growing concern for an aging society. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of older adults who were at risk of osteoporosis and explore factors associated with osteoporosis. The relationship between the risk of osteoporosis, chronic conditions and disability was also explored. We hypothesized that respondents with high risk index of osteoporosis would be associated with greater disability. Participants aged 60 years and above (N = 2565) who were representative of Singapore’s multiethnic population were recruited. The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) was used to classify the risk of osteoporosis. Information on sociodemographic details and chronic diseases were collected, while severity of disability was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. The overall prevalence of the respondents who were at risk of osteoporosis was 52%. Those belonging to an older age, Chinese, female, never married or widowed, lower education and retired were associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis. A diagnosis of diabetes or hypertension was a protective factor against the risk of osteoporosis. High risk of osteoporosis was not associated with disability. Our findings highlighted specific factors associated with the risk of osteoporosis that could be useful for the prevention of osteoporosis and fractures.

scholarly journals Research on Hedging Rules Based on Water Supply Priority and Benefit Loss of Water Shortage—A Case Study of Tianjin, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohui Men ◽  
Zhijian Wu ◽  
Huanlong Liu ◽  
Yangsong Li ◽  
Yong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Hedging Rules

When a city’s water demand cannot be fully satisfied, the hedging rule can reduce water loss by limiting water supply in advance. Based on water supply priority and benefit loss of water shortage for different users, this paper improved the objective function of hedging rules considering the benefit loss of water shortage. At the same time, according to the idea of restricting water supply by water users in turn, improved hedging rules (IHR) are applied to the urban water supply in Tianjin. The conclusions achieved from this study are as follows: (1) IHR increased water supply assurance rates for domestic water with high-priority and avoided destructive water shortages in agricultural water with low-priority. (2) IHR can better reduce the destructive loss caused by a large number of water shortages and the loss of production caused by a small numbers of water shortages than traditional hedging rules, which ensures high efficiency of water supply during the dry period. The results show that the IHR can improve the operational performance of the urban water supply.

scholarly journals Potential infiltration and morphometry in the Arroyo Grande basin, Sucre Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Felix Antonio Dominguez-Pérez ◽  
Teobaldis Mercado-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Surface Currents ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Gis Tools

For areas that supply underground water sources, it is important to identify the conditions of circulation and infiltration of surface water as a fundamental contribution to the recharge, sustainability and protection of aquifers. A study of the potential infiltration capacity considering the geomorphological aspects in the Arroyo Grande basin, Sucre, Colombia is presented. The aquifers of the study area are at risk of water supply due to the intense extraction and contamination by urban discharges in the surface currents of the basin. Morphometric indicators were applied to study the forms and dynamics of currents; For the estimation of the potential infiltration, the curve number method (CN-SCS) was used; all analyzes were performed with GIS tools. The results described the drainage conditions of the surface, identified the areas with the highest Infiltration potential over the Morroa aquifer, and the factors that directly influence the water regulation process.

scholarly journals Clean Water Supply Development Model in Sentul City

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Suheri ◽  
C Kusmana ◽  
MYJ Purwanto ◽  
Y Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Development Model ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Community Based

This study aims to predict the current and future demand for clean water, and efforts to develop clean water supply from a social aspect in Sentul City (SC). To estimate the need for clean water, it is predicted from the total population from year to year. Forecasting population in this study uses arithmetic and geometric methods, while Stella software is used to facilitate the analysis. Starting in 2030, it is estimated that SC will experience water shortages. The Community Based Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation or PAMSIMAS program and installation of smart tanks are proposed to overcome the problem water shortage of rural residents in SC. Meanwhile, for urban residents, they can collect rainwater that falls on the roofs of houses and collect it in smart tanks. The implementation of PAMSIMAS program and the installation of smart tanks in SC has an important function as a supplier of backup raw water sources to overcome current and future shortages of clean water.

Mitigating impacts of water shortage on Egyptian agriculture: a catchment scale analysis

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz A. Gohar ◽  
Frank A. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Trading ◽  
The Face ◽  
Flexible Measure ◽  
On Farm

The impacts of water shortages on Egypt's agriculture continues to receive widespread attention. Several mitigation schemes have been proposed to reduce the potential economic impact of supply reductions of the Nile's waters into Egypt. This paper examines the economic consequences for the Egyptian agricultural economy of application of limited water markets to mitigate the impacts of potential water supply shortages. We address this aim by assembling detailed data on farm budgets, hydrology, institutions and culture in order to develop an integrated catchment framework for analyzing Egypt's use of the Nile. The results of our policy analysis illustrate that a limited form of water trading is one institutionally flexible measure that can mitigate the impacts of water shortages. When water supplies flowing into Egypt are reduced by 10 and 20% per year, adopting limited water trading reduces national farm income losses by 32 and 33% per year, respectively, compared to income losses borne without trading. So water trading grows in importance as a measure to sustain farm income in the face of more severe water shortages. Our findings provide insight for Egyptian policymakers to enable examination of options to mitigate the economic impacts of water supply shortages resulting from drought, climate change, or renegotiated arrangements for sharing the Nile's waters.

scholarly journals Mitigate water shortage by improving hydropower generation strategy of the cascade reservoir system in the Be River Basin, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3216-3232
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ◽  
Frederick N.-F. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Reservoir System

Abstract To meet increasing water consumption with limited water resources, management approaches that transfer water between purposes must be improved for sustainable development. This entails an urgent requirement for appropriate water resources management within water–energy interaction if severe water shortage occurs occasionally. This study evaluates hydropower generation policies of a cascade reservoir system in the Be River Basin in terms of security of water supply and energy production. The Generalized Water Allocation Simulation Model (GWASIM) was applied to simulate the water use of a complex system of hydropower generation and water supply. Two water allocation scenarios and six alternatives defined by varying monthly generating hours were modeled and compared. The results demonstrate that a compromise between hydropower generation and water supply can be negotiated to reduce the severity of water shortages. Different monthly hours of hydropower generation among alternatives show an effect on improving power production and reliable water supply. This study provides overall insight into the performance of a multi-purpose cascade reservoir system. It will provide a foundation for improving future study of reservoir operations in meeting the increasing demands of water and energy in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Management Strategies of a Multi-Purpose Multi-Reservoir System in Vietnam

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Frederick N.-F. Chou ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ◽  
Chia-Wen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
System A

Resource shortages are having an increasingly severe impact as global trends like rapid population growth, urbanization, economic development, and climate change unfold. Moreover, rising living standards across many regions are also affecting water and energy resources. This entails an urgent requirement to improve water resources management. An important improvement is to transfer water between the different uses of the reservoir system. A compromise between the needs of hydropower generation and the water supply can be negotiated for the reservoir system to reduce the severity of water shortages. The Be River basin in Vietnam was selected as a case study to investigate. The combination of the generalized water allocation simulation model (GWASIM) and the bounded optimization by quadratic approximation (BOBYQA) algorithm was applied to optimize hydropower generation in various water shortage scenarios. The results present optimized hydropower generation policies for cascade reservoirs that would significantly improve the present operating policy in terms of both the water supply and hydropower generation. Moreover, multiple scenarios will provide flexibility to the reservoir operator by giving the relationship between water and energy. Given water supply conditions, the operator will be able to choose among several optimal solutions to ensure greater water resource efficiency in the Be River basin.

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