Dissociated forms of moraxella isolated from the affected eyes of cattle

The dissociation phenomenon of epizootic cultures of Moraxella was studied. The study was conducted in economic entities of Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 233 heads of cattle with clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis. Isolation of the causative agent of Moraxella was performed by bacteriological washes from the conjunctival sacs of the eyes of animals. The laboratory study was carried out according to the approved methodological guidelines. It was found that bacteria of the genus Moraxella dissociate when grown on a solid nutrient medium for more than 6 hours in a thermostat at 37 °C. The bacteria were studied by the following methods: staining according to White-Wilson, thermoagglutination and acriflavine assay. When evaluating the grown colonies according to White-Wilson, the optimal dilution for crystal violet was found to be 1 : 2000, and for gentian violet stain 1 : 1000. In this case, the colonies in the S-form have a dark purple color with a metallic tint, and the dissociated colonies in the R-form do not stain. In the presence of dissociated cells, precipitation (thermoagglutination), sediment formation and clearing of the supernatant fluid at 90 °C for 30 minutes were noted. The suspension of undissociated colonies remained cloudy. When weighing microbial cells isolated by a bacterial loop from individual grown colonies in a solution of acriflavine, dissociated bacteria stick together to form conglomerates. When studying the antigenic activity of the S-, R- forms of Moraxella, it was revealed that the activity of the S-antigen significantly exceeded that of the R-forms. Data on the dissociation of Moraxella cultures can be used for the development of diagnostic and prophylactic drugs against moraxellosis in cattle.

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REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

Innovations and Food Safety ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2021-32-2-73-81 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

O. B. Badmaeva

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Natural Focus ◽

Regional Features ◽

Focal Infection ◽

Natural Foci ◽

The Republic ◽

Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

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Fasciolosis disease in cattle and sheep in Karakalpakstan in 2015-2020, prevalence, epizootology and treatment methods and results obtained

International Journal on Integrated Education ◽

10.31149/ijie.v3i12.924 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 83-86

Author(s):

Shаvkat Avezimbetov ◽

Odilbek Dosumbetov

Keyword(s):

Definitive Host ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Treatment Methods ◽

The Republic ◽

Cattle And Sheep

Fastioliosis in the Republic of Karakalpakstan in acute, chronic and mixed course, acute course of F. gigantica-induced fasciolosis in sheep, clinical signs of fasciolosis, adult fasciolia, definitive host-infected fasciola larvae, possible factors, diagnosis, results of complete dissection of the liver in animals that died from the disease, drugs for the treatment of fasciolosis are described.

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TBE in Serbia

Tick-borne encephalitis - The Book ◽

10.33442/26613980_12b28-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vladimir Petrović ◽

Elizabeta Ristanović ◽

Aleksandar Potkonjak

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Encephalitis Virus ◽

Former Yugoslavia ◽

Serological Testing ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽

The Republic ◽

Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was first isolated in the former Yugoslavia in 1953 from the blood of infected human patients in Slovenia.1 The virus was isolated from ticks in 1954, also in Slovenia.2 Thereafter a number of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) foci were registered in the western part of the country, while in the Republic of Serbia such foci were not registered. In the period following 1969, no new infections with TBEV could be confirmed in the Republic of Serbia through the routine serological testing of samples from more than 1,000 patients with clinical signs of meningitis and encephalitis, as conducted in laboratories of the Institute of Immunobiology and Virology “Torlak” in Belgrade.3

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Detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from cattle in several provinces of the Republic of Guinea

Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases (Russian Journal) ◽

10.17816/eid34806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (5-6) ◽

pp. 234-239

Author(s):

Yulia A. Panferova ◽

Olga A. Freylikhman ◽

Nikolay K. Tokarevich ◽

Ekaterina V. Naydenova ◽

Kirill S. Zakharov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Q Fever ◽

Local Population ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Republic Of Guinea ◽

Plasmid Analysis ◽

The Republic ◽

Almost All

Background. Q fever, or coxiellosis, is a natural focal disease characterized by polymorphism of clinical signs and can affect not only humans but also many species of animals. This infection is spread almost all over the world. On the African continent, the foci of coxiellosis infection endanger the local population and people arriving for temporary stay. Given that sick agricultural animals and their ectoparasites are markers of the presence of infection in the region, a study of the latter may be relevant to identify the potential foci of Q fever. This work aimed to identify Coxiella burnetii DNA from ixodic ticks collected from cattle in several provinces of Republic of Guinea and to type isolates using genetic markers (plasmid type) to enable their comparison with strains of different geographical origin. Methods. Using amplification technologies, we investigated the ticks obtained from cattle in the provinces of Boke and Kindia to detect Coxiella DNA. Results. The genetic material of the Q fever causative agent was detected in no more than 5% of the total number of samples studied. For positive samples, typing was performed using plasmid analysis. The isolates with the plasmid type QpH1 circulate in the Republic of Guinea. Conclusion. The findings were analyzed along with data from other researchers on the spread of Q fever in subequatorial Africa. The differences in the levels of prevalence of Coxiella in ticks in the territories of not only different countries but also within the same state can be determined by the prevalence among the hosts within herds. The risk of contamination with Q fever in endemic regions should be considered.

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HYDROLYTIC REGULATION OF COMPONENT PROPERTIES

NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan ◽

10.32014/2020.2518-170x.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (444) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

V. A. Asafov ◽

◽

N. L. Tankova ◽

E. L. Iskakova ◽

T. N. Golovach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Animal Origin ◽

Enzyme Preparations ◽

Global Trends ◽

Antigenic Activity ◽

The Republic ◽

Protein Components ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Plant Sources

. The article provides an assessment of the dairy farming need in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in calves feed. The main global trends aimed at providing young animals with high-quality food means are considered. Various variants of directed hydrolysis of calf milk replacer (CMR) protein components intended for feeding young animals in the first months of life are analyzed. The possibilities of reducing the soy proteins antigenic activity, which are widely used at present in the CMR formulations for feeding young farm animals, are discussed. The results of experimental work and patents are presented, which describe the most widely used approaches to the production of enzymatic hydrolysates of proteins with desired properties, as well as the assessment of their biological activity and immunochemical properties. The issues of using various enzyme preparations of bacterial, fungal and animal origin for hydrolysis of colostrum proteins and plant sources of protein raw materials for the CMR production are considered.

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The Main Clinical Signs and Early Diagnosis of Canine Dirofilariosis in the Veterinary Practice of Farms in the Republic of Armenia

Russian Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.31016/1998-8435-2020-14-3-63-68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 63-68

Author(s):

R. V. Slobodyanik ◽

A. L. Kryazhev

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Visual Detection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Immunochromatographic Test ◽

Test Systems ◽

One Step ◽

Rapid Tests ◽

The Republic

The purpose of the research is to determine the main clinical signs of dirofilariosis in dogs, taking into account the peculiarities of animal exploitation and to analyze the efficacy and convenience of using some diagnostic techniques. Materials and methods. The main clinical signs of dirofilariosis in dogs on the farms of Armenia have been studied. The presence of microfilariae was determined in native smears and using a modified Knott method. We also used the Asan Easy Test Heartworm and SNAP 4Dx Plus Test one-step cassette rapid tests for visual detection of Dirofilaria spp. antigen in blood serum. Results and discussion. 8.5% of dogs in the farms of the Republic of Armenia are infected with Dirofilaria sp. The most infected were dogs aged 5–8 years (75%). The main symptomatic signs of dirofilariosis in dogs were established in the specific conditions of the studied region and the specifics of the specific exploitation of animals. It has been established that the immunochromatographic test systems Asan Easy Test Heartworm and SNAP 4Dx Plus Test for visual detection of canine Dirofilaria spp. antigen in blood serum are the most effective for the diagnosis of dirofilariosis.

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Absence of Resistance Mutations in the Integrase Coding Region among ART-Experienced Patients in the Republic of the Congo

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9112355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2355

Author(s):

Ferdinand Emaniel Brel Got ◽

Patricia Recordon-Pinson ◽

Ghislain Loubano-Voumbi ◽

Dagene Ebourombi ◽

Marie-Lise Blondot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

University Hospital ◽

Integrase Inhibitors ◽

Resistance Mutations ◽

Drug Resistance Mutations ◽

Republic Of The Congo ◽

The Republic ◽

Hiv 1 ◽

High Diversity

Background: HIV infects around one hundred thousand patients in the Republic of the Congo. Approximately 25% of them receive an antiretroviral treatment; current first-line regimens include two NRTIs and one NNRTI, reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Recently, protease inhibitors (PIs) were also introduced as second-line therapy upon clinical signs of treatment failure. Due to the limited number of molecular characterizations and amount of drug resistance data available in the Republic of the Congo, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of circulating resistance mutations within the pol region. Methods: HIV-positive, ART-experienced patients have been enrolled in four semi-urban localities in the Republic of the Congo. Plasma samples were collected, and viral RNA was extracted. The viral load for each patient was evaluated by RT-qPCR, following the general diagnostic procedures of the University Hospital of Bordeaux. Finally, drug resistance genotyping and phylogenetic analysis were conducted following Sanger sequencing of the pol region. Results: A high diversity of HIV-1 strains was observed with many recombinant forms. Drug resistance mutations in RT and PR genes were determined and correlated to HAART. Because integrase inhibitors are rarely included in treatments in the Republic of the Congo, the prevalence of integrase drug resistance mutations before treatment was also determined. Interestingly, very few mutations were observed. Conclusions: We confirmed a high diversity of HIV-1 in the Republic of the Congo. Most patients presented an accumulation of mutations conferring resistance against NRTIs, NNRTIs and PIs. Nonetheless, the absence of integrase mutations associated with drug resistance suggests that the introduction of integrase inhibitors into therapy will be highly beneficial to patients in the Republic of the Congo.

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Study of the prevalence of antibodies to some arboviruses in the population of the Republic of Guinea

Voprosy Virusologii ◽

10.36233/0507-4088-74 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 346-353

Author(s):

E. V. Naidenova ◽

M. Yu. Kartashov ◽

K. S. Zakharov ◽

A. P. Shevtsova ◽

M. G. Diallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Serum Samples ◽

African Region ◽

Republic Of Guinea ◽

Disease Patterns ◽

Urgent Task ◽

The Republic ◽

Total Structure ◽

Batai Virus

Introduction. Acute febrile diseases kill more than 250,000 people annually in West Africa. Malaria and typhoid fever traditionally occupy most of the total structure of registered fevers. However, these data do not fully reflect the true overall disease patterns in the West African region. This is due to the fact that diagnosis is mainly based on the clinical signs of the infectious process, suggesting that a certain number of diseases may be caused by arboviruses. The detection of specific antibodies (ABs) to infectious pathogens in the blood sera of residents of a particular area is a reliable indicator of the circulation of these pathogens in a particular territory.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to a number of arboviruses: Dengue (DENV), West Nile (WNV) (family Flaviviridae), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (orthonairo)virus (CCHFV), Batai (Batai virus), Bhanja (BHAV) (order Bunyavirales), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Sindbis (SINV) (family Togaviridae) in the population of the Republic of Guinea.Material and methods. In total, a panel of 2,620 blood serum samples from people living in all landscape and geographical areas of Guinea was collected for the study. Detection of IgG antibodies was performed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).Results. In total, ABs to Batai virus were detected in 144 samples (5.5%), BHAV in 58 (2.2%), WNV in 892 (34.0 %), DENV in 659 (25.2 %), CCHFV in 58 (2.2 %), CHIKV in 339 (12.9 %), and SINV in 52 samples (2.0 %).Discussion. The obtained results indicate serological evidence of the spectrum of arboviruses in the population of all landscape and geographical zones of the Republic of Guinea, confirming their active circulation in this territory.Conclusion. Given the high epidemiological significance of arbovirus infectious diseases, it is an urgent task to continue studying its share in the structure of febrile diseases in the territory of the Republic of Guinea.

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Nodular dermatitis (review)

BULLETIN of the L N Gumilyov Eurasian National University BIOSCIENCE Series ◽

10.32523/2616-7034-2021-134-1-46-59 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 46-59

Author(s):

I.A. Puntus ◽

◽

V.A. Babak ◽

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

High Growth ◽

Viral Disease ◽

High Growth Rate ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Lumpy Skin Disease ◽

Attenuated Virus ◽

Heterologous Virus ◽

The Republic

The paper discusses the topic of the spread of a highly contagious transboundary emergent viral disease of cattle, nodular dermatitis; describes its etiology, epizootological data, pathogenesis, clinical signs and pathological changes, features of the course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment; the high growth rate of countries where the disease is registered is noted. The Republic of Kazakhstan is among them. The authors paid special attention to the significant economic damage caused by lumpy skin disease, as well as to the effectiveness of various schemes and methods of combating the disease, including stamping out, and in particular to specific prevention using two types of vaccines: heterologous virus vaccines, containing strains of sheeppox virus, and live attenuated virus vaccines from the Neethling strain.

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