scholarly journals Update of the technical equipment of the grain-harvesting complex

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
S. I. Chemodanov ◽  
Yu. V. Burlakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Operational Decision Making ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Many options have been developed for the implementation of the algorithm for updating the fleet of grain harvesters to date. In accordance with the yield and other indicators, recommendations for the formation and renewal of the harvester fleet are proposed discretely in the form of tables or charts. This form of information does not always meet the requirements of operational correction and does not allow assessing the technological capabilities of the harvesting units, depending on the harvesting conditions. The method to improve the formation of the initial information for operational decision-making on the effective upgrading of technical means of grain harvesting complex taking into account the zonal features of a particular agricultural enterprise is proposed. A graph-analytical method for determining the main parameters of the basic harvesting tools depending on the predicted yield level is developed and the influence of the factors determining the composition of the grain harvesting fleet is assessed. This method makes it possible to identify the most rational basic parameters of alternative basic harvesting tools for a specific agricultural enterprise. The first step is to determine the basic parameters of the basic equipment, then select the appropriate size series of self-propelled threshers for combine harvesters and reapers. Further, alternative versions of various models of grain harvesting units and complexes are formed. For the subsequent selection of rational types of cleaning agents and their criterion assessment, technical and technological, environmental and other indicators are used. The expert-logical analysis of information resources makes it possible to identify and assess the factors that determine the quantitative composition of the technical means of the grain harvesting complex. The final stage in the formation of the initial information for making a decision on updating the technical means of the grain harvesting complex should be their economic assessment, which makes it possible to predict the competitiveness of the threshed grain.

scholarly journals Justification Of The Modes Of The Working Socket Of The Reinforcement Device

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pustovit ◽  
V. Kotkov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Near Future

The key task of the agroindustrial complex of the country is the steady increase of grain production, which is necessary for the formation of sowing funds, the provision of foodstuffs for the population and animal husbandry with feed, which is achieved due to the improvement of the process of grain separation on combine harvesters. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to substantiate the operating modes of the sieve prethreshing device, which affects the process of separation of grain from spiked pile. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the mechanization of grain harvesting, it has been shown that combine harvesting methods for grain crops will remain dominant in the near future. Therefore, we investigated the basic mode parameters of cleaning, which are aimed at further increasing the capacity of the combines. According to the results of the research, mathematical models were obtained, which will allow to estimate the degree of independent and joint influence of the basic parameters of the process of separation of spikelets on the initial parameters - the completeness of separation from the spiked heap of free grain and the passage through the sieve of grain with uncoated spikelets. Accordingly, a compromise problem was solved, in which it was necessary to find the values of the factors that ensure the maximum completeness of separation from the spiked heap of free grain with minimal passage through the sieve of grain with uncoated spikelets. The method of planning of multifactor experiments for the substantiation of the modes of operation of the sieve of the pre-threshing device is presented, and the essential requirements in the selection of factors for carrying out studies of these processes are presented. Cross sections of the response surfaces are constructed, which characterize the indicators of the completeness of discharge of free grain from a colossal heap and the passage through the sieve of grain with uncoated spikelets depending on the opening of the sieve louvers and the frequency of its oscillations.

Video Control Application for Increasing of Materials Spectral Analysis Accuracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1373-1379
Author(s):  
A.A. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.S. Bryukhova
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Radiation Control ◽  
Control Application ◽  
The Given ◽  
Video Control

The article shows ways to improve spectral analysis of materials accuracy. It is proposed to perform image processing of a low-temperature plasma cloud during the analysis of the quantitative composition of materials. The experiment and addition of technical equipment of the spectrometer with a video surveillance system are described. An algorithm data processing is given that obtained during by testing of standard samples in various regimes in which the quantitative composition of various materials is determined This paper describes the addition of radiation control sensors to modern spectrometer. The given conditions and standard samples used to obtain the main results.

scholarly journals Improving the technical potential of agrarian enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
Oksana Mamai ◽  
Anna Volkonskaya ◽  
Velta Parsova
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Maintenance And Repair ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Technological Potential

The technological potential of agricultural enterprise is complex system consisting of various elements with different functional capabilities and features, which are characterized by the characteristics of complex systems. The complexity of technological potential lies in the presence in structure of its several elements - technological preparation of production, equipment and technology. There is no doubt that the basis of technological potential is an active part of main production assets, namely the equipment park. Working machines and equipment, instrumentation, transmission devices and tooling - this is exactly what primarily determines the level of labour productivity. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for efficient use of machinery of agrarian enterprises as part of their technological potential, to solve important task of developing them and improving quality and competitiveness of their products. In methodological basis of this research various methods were used: an analytical method, abstract and logical method, system approach, statistical and economic analysis, method of analogies, and method of comparative and expert estimates. The study showed that in order to increase the efficiency of use of technical equipment and more fully satisfy agricultural producers in technical services, it is necessary to create the technical centre for maintenance and repair of agricultural machines. As result, implementation of preventive strategy of technical maintenance and repair of equipment will reduce the number of machine failures by 2 - 2.5 times, increase the use of resource of their components and mechanisms by 30%, and significantly reduce the loss of agricultural products due to long downtime of mechanization equipment and crop shortages while increasing agro-technical timelines for field work.

scholarly journals The market of agricultural production services in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (97) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
H. Vyslobodska
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Definition Of

The article defines the role of the market of agricultural production services in the process of agricultural production. The works of domestic scientists devoted to the efficiency of agricultural production, services sphere and the market of agricultural production services are analyzed. A number of methods have been selected for this study. The essence of the concepts of production service and the market of agricultural production services is defined. There are established that the volume of use of production services in the agricultural production process depends on the area under crops in crop production and the number of heads in animal husbandry. The dynamics of changes in sown areas and livestock in Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined that all production operations in agriculture are carried out in accordance with the technological maps. The definition of the concept of “technological map” is given. Information on the composition of agricultural production services in the field of crop production is given. It is established that agricultural production services in crop production can be carried out both manually and mechanized. The importance of technical equipment of the agricultural enterprise for the implementation of the production process was showed. The presence of the main types of agricultural machinery in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine and households is analyzed. The peculiarities inherent only in production services in the field of agriculture are highlighted. The dependence of the volumes of production services on the total volumes of sown areas in crop production and animals in animal husbandry were shown. The concept of production outsourcing is defined and its place in the activity of agricultural producers is defined. The results of a sociological survey of consumers of agricultural production services are shown and analyzed.

scholarly journals Trends in machinery availability in Agro-Industrial Complex of Omsk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
M. S. Chekusov ◽  
A. A. Kem ◽  
E. M. Mikhal'tsov ◽  
A. N. Shmidt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Annual Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Tractors ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The results of the analysis on the assessment of technical equipment of agricultural producers with mobile power facilities and technological machines depending on the area of cultivated crops in the Omsk region are presented. The state statistics data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Omsk Region were studied for the period of 2008-2020. The total cultivation area of the region is 2881.2 thousand hectares. There was a slight decrease in the area under grain crops by 2.9 thousand hectares, under fodder crops by 75.2 thousand hectares, or by 0.14 and 13.2%, respectively. A significant change in the quantitative composition of the machine and tractor fleet is shown. An annual reduction in the number of tractors, forage harvesters and grain harvesters was noted. The number of tractors decreased by 2811 units, or by 26.6%. As of December 2020, the operation of 30.6% of grain harvesters and 56.7% of self-propelled forage harvesters does not exceed 10 years. A decrease in the number of agricultural tractors is connected with the use of a minimum tillage technology, a reduction in energy costs and funds for carrying out agrotechnical operations in comparison with traditional technology. Reducing the number of tractors and combines leads to an increase in the average load on the machine. This tendency leads to increasing the terms of the main agrotechnical operations, which affects the quantity and quality of the final product. The determination of the optimal composition of the tractor fleet should be carried out for each specific farm, taking into account local conditions, the structure of economic activity and its specialization.

APPLICATION OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF PROTECTION AND SUPERVISION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND ABROAD: COMPARATIVE LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Олег Игоревич Денисенко
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

Статья посвящена рассмотрению зарубежного опыта использования инженерно-технических средств охраны и надзора в пенитенциарных учреждениях, который может быть использован для повышения эффективности и оптимизации технического обеспечения исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. В частности, рассматриваются особенности технической оснащенности исправительных учреждений США, Великобритании, Франции и Германии. В статье раскрываются вопросы, связанные с использованием системы видеонаблюдения, применяемой для дистанционного наблюдения за обстановкой в охраняемых зонах, на территории объекта, в режимных зданиях и помещениях, на подступах к территории учреждения. Также в статье проанализированы особенности несения службы отделом охраны зарубежных стран, экипировка лиц из числа караула, количественный состав караула при несении службы за постом видеонаблюдения. Отдельное внимание уделено инженерным заграждениям тюрем США, многообразию типов пенитенциарных учреждений в зависимости от категории преступников, отбывающих там наказание. Автор проводит аналогию с особенностями инженерного оснащения российских исправительных учреждений, акцентирует внимание на их различия. В статье раскрываются особенности биометрической идентификации осужденного, которая представляет собой автоматизированный способ распознавания личности путем проверки ее уникальных параметров. В заключение автор отмечает важность анализа положительного зарубежного опыта с целью рассмотрения возможности его внедрения в отечественную пенитенциарную систему. The article is devoted to the consideration of foreign experience in the use of engineering and technical means of protection and supervision in penitentiary institutions, which can be used to increase the efficiency and optimize the technical support of correctional institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation. In particular, features of the technical equipment of correctional institutions in the USA, Great Britain, France and Germany are considered. The article discusses issues related to the use of a video surveillance system, which is used for remote monitoring of the situation in protected areas, on the territory of the facility, in secure buildings and premises, on the approaches to the territory of the institution. The article also analyzes the features of the service by the security department of foreign countries, the equipment of persons from among the guard, the quantitative composition of the guard when serving at the video surveillance post. Special attention is paid to the engineering barriers of US prisons, the variety of types of penitentiary institutions, depending on the category of criminals serving a sentence there. The author draws an analogy with the peculiarities of the engineering equipment of Russian correctional institutions and focuses on their differences. The article reveals the features of the biometric identification of a convict, which is an automated way of recognizing a person by checking its unique parameters. In conclusion, the author proposes to draw attention to the positive foreign experience, since a wider range of technical means to ensure security is used in the penitentiary systems of developed countries.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of social liability formation in agricultural enterprise

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
A. Diuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Definition Of

The article assesses the formation of social responsibility in agricultural enterprise. The theoretical vision of the signs of social responsibility of agricultural enterprises in carrying out their production activity is formed. The definition of social responsibility as a criterion of social production efficiency is proposed. The directions and criteria of the methodological foundations of the assessment of enterprises’ social responsibility in relation to which aspects of the level of socially directed production costs are determined. The dynamics of socially directed expenditures, the dynamics of employment and the sectoral structure of production in the context of their use as indicators of levels of social responsibility are analyzed. The economic features of the character of social responsibility of agricultural enterprises at the present stage of their development are established.

scholarly journals Innovative developments and modern technical means for seeded hemp harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
R.A. Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Hemp growing is becoming a promising direction for the development of agriculture in Russia in the coming years due to the tasks of import substitution of cotton for domestic fiber from hemp and flax. The most important technological process in the cultivation of seeded hemp is its harvesting, which requires the use of specialized equipment and equipment due to the peculiarities of the structure of the stem and the significant height of the crops. The purpose of this work is to study the issue of technical equipment of domestic hemp growing and to find modern machines and technical solutions for hemp harvesting. Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated for seeds, fiber, and two-way use. Hence, various technologies are used for its harvesting. In our country, hemp harvesting equipment has not been produced for a long time; classic combines and general-purpose machines are used for harvesting crops. The technique used in hemp growing farms in Russia is considered. Combine harvesters such as PALESSE – GS12, ACROS – 585/595, Don – 1500B, etc., are adapted to collect hemp seeds; the flow of the process and high-quality threshing are ensured. However, an uncut stem with a height of 1.2 meters remains in the field. For harvesting crops for fiber (‘zelenets’), innovative machines have been developed based on domestic forage harvesters Don – 680M and RSMF – 2450 with a set of conversions for hemp. Field tests of prototypes have shown a positive result. Harvesters completely cut the stems, chop them into 50 cm lengths and put them in a swath, but do not comb them from green leaves and inflorescences. Based on the results of the work, a scheme of an innovative universal hemp harvester was proposed for harvesting sowing hemp in all directions of cultivation. Its application will fully mechanize the process of sowing hemp harvesting, collecting seeds and stems and obtaining high-quality hemp raw materials.

scholarly journals Proximate Design of Onion Harvester Separating Surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Sibirev ◽  
A. G. Аksenov ◽  
A. S. Dorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Fine Soil ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Separation Mechanisms ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Secondary Separation

High variability of soil and climatic conditions in Russia requires to develop and use appropriate technologies and technical means to harvest root crops. The authors have determined input parameters that depend on physical and mathematical characteristics of harvested crops, soil type and condition and have a critical impact on developing crop harvesters and harvesting technologies.(Research purpose)The research aims at determining the separation intensity of onion-­soil heap on the rod elevator, as well as onion heap supply from the surface of the rod elevator trails to the secondary separation mechanisms – all relating to onion harvesting machines.(Materials and methods)The size and mass parameters of the studied material are limitative for designing basic parameters of the working elements of technical equipment. The issue of increasing quality indicators of onion picker separators is considered on condition that basic input parameters should be precisely defined as they determine technological process of onion cleaning from soil and plant impurities. The authors have determined the amount of onion heap supply to the onion harvester lifting share in accordance with onion dimensional and mass characteristics.(Results and discussion)The onion fraction in the total lifted heap has been determined as well as the weight of onion heap and impurities on the rod elevator trails and onion heap supply from the surface of the rod elevator trails to the secondary separation mechanisms. The authors have also specified separation intensity as well as interdependencies describing a possibility of loss prevention in onion heap fractional composition passing through the rod elevator slots. The influence of design and technical parameters of the rod elevator as well as the influence of fine soil fraction mass on the onion heap separation intensity of the rod elevator have been revealed as well.(Conclusions)The formula has been obtained to determine onion heap supply from the rod elevator surface to the secondary separation mechanisms depending on design and technical parameters of the rod elevator as well as the onion heap weight.

scholarly journals Methodological foundations of economic assessment of yield of agricultural crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
D. M. Parmacli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Breakeven Point

The methodology for assessing levels of land productivity in terms of cost recovery is presented in theoretical and practical aspects. Based on the method for grading the yield of agricultural crops, methodological approaches have been proposed to substantiate the indicators of four productivity levels, which form four zones: unprofitable, moderate, rational and optimal yield. At the breakeven point, whereby revenue from sales and total production and sales costs are equal, the company does not incur losses, but does not receive profit either. After overcoming the breakeven point, the enterprise begins to make a profit with each subsequent unit of production. In the zone of moderate productivity, the company makes a profit which allows simple reproduction. In the zone of rational productivity of land, the profit of the enterprise provides for a partial upgrade of production, necessary in conditions of expanded reproduction. To conduct an extensive upgrade of the production base in conditions of expanded reproduction, the enterprise should reach the optimal level of yield. Formulas are given by which enterprises can forecast their profit per unit of area as a multiple of fixed costs. A number of examples for calculating different levels of crop yield based on a case study of a particular enterprise in 2018 are presented. The suggested method will allow researchers to substantiate economic evaluation of yield levels achieved for each type of crop cultivated at any given agricultural enterprise. This methodology will also provide specialists of agricultural enterprises, teachers and students of higher educational institutions with modern methodological tools for the economic assessment of yield levels for cultivated crops.

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