PALYNOLOGICAL PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALLERGENIC AND INVASIVE WEEDS PLANTS FOR BIODIVERSITY IN DISTRICT LAKKI MARWAT USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
KHUSHDIL Khan ◽  
Fawad Khan ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
KHAN BAHADAR Marwat
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Weed Plants ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
Asteraceae Family

A total of 16 different allergenic and invasive weed species belonging to 12 different families collected from different areas of study area. Among the studied plants, most of the species belong to the Asteraceae family. For morphological studies of pollen through LM and SEM the samples were acetalized. We done the fieldwork for the collection of weed plants and also performed the experimental work i.e. SEM and LM for the pollen morphology. Most of the species recorded with pollen of tricolporate and echinate. Species belonging to Asteraceae were considered as most abundant and allergenic as compared to others. The maximum polar diameter was noted in the Convolvulus arvensis is 40.00 µm and the minimum were noted in Oxalis corniculata is 6.15 µm. Maximum exine thickness was noted in convolvulus arvensis is 3.70 µm and Minimum were noted in Sorghum halepense is 1.65 µm. It was noticed that most of the allergenic and invasive weeds found in plain areas of Lakki Marwat during September and April. Present study provides information about the allergenic and invasive weeds plants and their threats to biodiversity. The pollen of such weed plants causes asthma and atopy disease in humans.

The effect of wilting or soaking on the nutritive value of two invasive weed species in Nepal

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 143-143
Author(s):  
C. Rymer ◽  
D.I. Givens
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Goats are an important component of the livelihoods of resource poor livestock keepers (RPLK) in Nepal. A major constraint is the poor health (and low economic value) of goats in the early part of the wet season, and this is partly brought about by the shortage of available forage in the dry season. Two invasive weeds (Eupatorium adenophorum, EA, and Chromolaena odorata, CO) now grow throughout Nepal. The plants grow year round, and so could be used as a source of forage, but their voluntary intake and perceived nutritive value by goats is low. If an appropriate means of treating EA and CO could be developed, their nutritive value may increase. EA and CO could then be included in the forage harvested for goats. The objective of this experiment was therefore to determine the effect on the nutritive value of EA and CO of either wilting or soaking these plants.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF EXTRACT Cannabis sativa L. ON LIPID PEROXIDATION ACTIVITY Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-643
Author(s):  
Bojan Konstantinović ◽  
Jovana Šućur ◽  
Mirjana Kojić ◽  
Nataša Samardžić ◽  
Senka Vidović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Variant

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. belongs to highly invasive weed species. In mid-1900s, the cultivation of this species as a forage crop led to its invasiveness (Peerzada et al., 2017). Yield losses it causes are up to 57-88% on very important agricultural and horticultural crops (Peerzada et al., 2017). It is highly tolerant to herbicides and rapid vegetative growth makes it difficult to control. Finding new methods that will help combat invasive species with less environmental impact is gaining importance. Allelopathy is very important for finding new compounds that can be used to combat invasive weeds (Arora et al., 2015). Allelochemicals are very important in relationship between plants and their environment (Cespedes et al., 2014). McPartland (1997) points to repellent and pesticidal properties of Cannabis sativa L.The aim of this study is to investigate allelopathic effect of C. sativa L. extract on lipid peroxidation activity in leaves of treated plants of S. halepense (L.) Pers.Extract obtained by the classical extraction process was applied at concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25% and 10%, while the control variant was not treated. Plants of S. halepense L. (Pers.) were in the initial stages of growth when extract was applied. Experiment was performed under field conditions. Plants respond to adverse environmental effects by changes in biochemical processes (Sunmonu & Van Staden, 2014). Sampling of treated plants was performed after 6h and 24h. Biochemical analyzes of fresh leaves of S. halepense (L.) Pers. lipid peroxidation activity was determined.C. sativa L. extract caused changes in the lipid peroxidation activity of S. halepense (L.) Pers. Increased activity was only in variant of application of the highest concentration of extract with a statistically significant difference in both sampling moments. Value of monitored activity in control variant was 73.18 nmol MDA / g SBM while in variant with 100% application of the extract it was 99.36 nmol MDA / g SBM after 6h. After 24 h, a value of 100% extract of 80.02 nmol MDA / g SBM was obtained, as opposed to control with a lipid peroxidation value of 68.27 nmol MDA / g SBM. Other variants of application did not show statistically significant differences with respect to control after 6 h from moment of treatment. Less pronounced differences in obtained values were observed in variants with 50%, 25% and 10% compared to control after 24 h.An increase in lipid peroxidation activity in variants using 100% C. sativa L. extract is a response to plant exposure to stress, thus proving an allelopathic effect on treated plants.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of croton bonplandianus bail

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
H.S. Patil ◽  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

An extensive survey of floristic of native and invasive weed species was carried out during 2016 to 2019 in the semiarid agro ecosystem of Baramati Tahsil, Dist- Pune (M.S.). About 18 dominant invasive weeds such as Ageratum, Alternanthera, Croton., Xanthium, Parthenium and Tridax were encroaching the natives, becoming a serious threat to the major crops of this area such as wheat, sorghum, pearl millet, mung bean, pigeon pea, chillies and tomato. Amongst these Croton bonplandianus was highly dominant and wide spreading. Hence, its allelopathic potential was investigated. The allelopathic influence of leaf and root leachates as well as extracts of Croton bonplandianus Bail. was examined on seed germination of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.). The germination assay revealed that allelopathic potential and other factors are responsible for its dominance and successful invasion. The allelopathic influence of rhizosphere soil and its aqueous leachates indicated that both are responsible for inhibiting the seed germination and seedling growth of mungbean. Both the experiments have clearly confirmed the allelopathic potential of Croton bonplandianus. The HPTLC analyses confirmed the existence of a broad groups of allelochemicals like terpenoides, steroids, flavonoids, pungent and bitter essential oils and phenolics in its leaves and roots, which confirmed its allelopathic potential. Further characterization of above mentioned allelochemicals is in progress.

scholarly journals Propane Flaming as a New Approach to Control Mediterranean Invasive Weeds

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Horesh ◽  
Yaakov Goldwasser ◽  
Karam Igbariya ◽  
Zvi Peleg ◽  
Ran Nisim Lati
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Invasive Weeds ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Invasive Weed

In recent decades, anthropogenic activity and climate changes have reshaped global weed dispersal and establishment in new territories. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of propane flaming approach in the control of perennial invasive and native Mediterranean broadleaf and grass weeds. The invasive weeds, Cyperus rotundus, Sorghum halepense, and Ecballium elaterium, were treated multiple times with a single propane dose (2.5 kg propane km−1), using the broadcast technique. The local annual weeds, Sinapis arvensis, Lavatera trimestris, and Avena sativa, were treated once at five propane doses (0–2.5 kg propane km−1), using the cross-row technique. Dose-response analysis was performed. Three applications provided effective control (up to >90%) for all tested perennials, and affected seed and flower production in Sorghum halepense and Ecballium elaterium, respectively. However, the timing of the sequential application had a significant impact on the degree of control, in terms of dry weight reduction and seed production. Weed density had an impact on control efficacy but was only a significant determinant for Ecballium elaterium. Cross-row application was effective during early growth stages of broadleaf weeds (ED50 < 1.2 kg propane km−1), but was less effective during later growth stages (ED50 > 2.6 kg propane km−1). For grass weeds, both early and late application were ineffective (ED50 > 4.1 kg propane km−1). More research is needed to optimize this weed control tactic for various cropping systems and weed species. Implementation of this novel approach into integrated weed management programs will increase the control efficacy of invasive weed under the projected climate changes and reduce the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides on the Management of the Invasive Weed Solanum rostratum Dunal (Solanaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Jackline Abu-Nassar ◽  
Maor Matzrafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Solanum Rostratum ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Late Growth

Solanum rostratum Dunal is an invasive weed species that invaded Israel in the 1950s. The weed appears in several germination flashes, from early spring until late summer. Recently, an increase in its distribution range was observed, alongside the identification of new populations in the northern part of Israel. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of herbicide application for the control of S. rostratum using two field populations originated from the Golan Heights and the Jezreel Valley. While minor differences in herbicide efficacy were recorded between populations, plant growth stage had a significant effect on herbicide response. Carfentrazone-ethyl was found to be highly effective in controlling plants at both early and late growth stages. Metribuzin, oxadiazon, oxyfluorfen and tembutrione showed reduced efficacy when applied at later growth stage (8–9 cm height), as compared to the application at an early growth stage (4–5 cm height). Tank mixes of oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen with different concentrations of surfactant improved later growth stage plant control. Taken together, our study highlights several herbicides that can improve weed control and may be used as chemical solutions alongside diversified crop rotation options. Thus, they may aid in preventing the spread and further buildup of S. rostratum field populations.

Aminocyclopyrachlor Absorption, Translocation and Metabolism in Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bradley Lindenmayer ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Philip P. Westra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Galen Brunk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Field bindweed is extremely susceptible to aminocyclopyrachlor compared to other weed species. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if absorption, translocation, and metabolism of aminocyclopyrachlor in field bindweed differs from other, less susceptible species. Field bindweed plants were treated with 3.3 kBq14C-aminocyclopyrachlor by spotting a single leaf mid-way up the stem with 10 µl of herbicide solution. Plants were then harvested at set intervals over 192 h after treatment (HAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor absorption reached a maximum of 48.3% of the applied radioactivity by 48 HAT. A translocation pattern of herbicide movement from the treated leaf into other plant tissues emerged, revealing a nearly equal aminocyclopyrachlor distribution between the treated leaf, aboveground tissue, and belowground tissue of 13, 14, and 14% of the applied radioactivity by 192 HAT. Over the time-course, no soluble aminocyclopyrachlor metabolites were observed, but there was an increase in radioactivity recovered bound in the nonsoluble fraction. These results suggest that aminocyclopyrachlor has greater translocation to belowground plant tissue in field bindweed compared with results from other studies with other herbicides and other weed species, which could explain the increased level of control observed in the field. The lack of soluble metabolites also suggests that very little metabolism occurred over the 192 h time course.

scholarly journals EXAMINATION OF THE WEED FLORA OF RUDER HABITATS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF SUPPRESSION WITH HERBICIDES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Sanja Perić ◽  
Miroljub Aksić
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Vegetation Complex ◽  
Selection Of

Ruderal flora, as well as the vegetation that flora forms, represent an extremely dynamic floristic-vegetation complex and arean integral part of the most immediate living and working environment of human. It is formed and developed mainly in human settlements, as well as in the other anthropogenic environments that are occasionally or permanently under direct or indirect influence of various forms of human activity. Ruderal vegetation is found not only directly around the settlements, but also around all urban and accompanying facilities: along roads, paths and fences around houses, yards, walls and roofs, in avenues, on ruins, construction sites, landfills, along railway tracks, road and defense embankments, on wet and nitrified banks of rivers, near human settlements, in abandoned lawns, on the street walks with sandy areas, cemeteries, in degraded pastures, forests, etc. This essay presents the distribution and representation of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrumrepens, Amaranthusretroflexus, Calystegiasepium, Cirsiumarvense, Chenopodium album, Chenopodiumhybridum, Convolvulus arvensis, Cynodondactylon, Daturastramonium, Sonchusarvensis, Sorghum halepense, Xanthium strumarium…) at ten sites in the Nisava district. The assessment of species representation was done in two shootings (May and August) according to scale 1-4. The proper selection of herbicides depends, in a large extent, on the presence of dominant weed species and on the time of application.

scholarly journals Weed Management Potentials of Identified Invasive Weed Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabella T. Carcusia ◽  
Pet Roey L. Pascual ◽  
James Francienne J. Rosit
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Percent Mortality

Synthetic herbicide, the most popular weed control, causes environmental hazards. The use of allelopathy in controlling weeds is a possible alternative for sustainable weed management. The study was conducted to determine the allelopathic potentials of identified invasive weed species in terms of percent and rate of germination, plant height, length of leaves and roots and percent mortality of grasses, sedges, and broadleaves. The treatments were: T0-Pre/Post-emergence Herbicide, T1Tap Water, T2-Mimosa pudica extract,T3-Lantana camara extract,T4-Chromolaena odorata extract. These were compared according to their effects on Cenchrus spinifex, Conyza canadensis, Impatiens wallerana and Cyperus rotundus. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Completely Randomized Design. A further test was done using Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT). For germination, Lantana camara is effective in reducing the percent germination and prolonging germination rate of most common weed species. On the other hand, Chromolaena odorata is effective in reducing the percent germination and prolonging the germination rate of Impatiens wallerana, while Mimosa pudica was effective against Cenchrus spinifex and Cyperus rotundus. For growth and development, Mimosa pudica was found to be the most effective in all common weed species, except for Cyperus rotundus where Chromolaena odorata was most effective on reducing the length of leaves and roots, and above ground fresh weight. Furthermore, Chromolaena odorata was found effective against both Cyperus rotundus and Conyza canadensis while Mimosa pudica was effective against Cenchrus spinifex in terms of percent mortality. Thus, such potential of invasive weed species for weed management should be utilized. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Landscape Fabrics in Suppressing Growth of Weed Species

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Harry G. Ponder ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Abstract Two tests were conducted to evaluate weed penetration up through landscape fabrics. The degree of weed suppression varied depending on the specific landscape fabric. No landscape fabric gave total suppression of weeds tested. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) and smallflower morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Grisebach.) were inhibited by all landscape fabrics. Growth of pigweed (Aranthus sp.), bermudagrass (Cynodon datylon (L.) Persoon.), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Persoon.) was suppressed by certain landscape fabrics.

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