INFLUENCE OF ALBASIA WOOD ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF EPOXY COMPOSITES

This research aims to investigate the effects of albasia wood filler as alternative reinforcement for extravagant and non-renewable filler being used in epoxy composites. The filler size used was 30 mesh and various filler volume fractions were 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent. Composites were manufactured using hand lay-up method. Properties such as tensile strength, elongation, modulus elasticity and strain energy absorption were determined based on ASTM standard. The results show that filler volume content significantly affects the tensile properties and impact strength of albasia wood-epoxy composites. The optimum tensile properties are achieved when 10 percent filler is added into epoxy matrix. The impact test also shows the same results. Further addition of filler decreases the mechanical properties of composites due to the existence of weak interfacial interaction between the albasia wood filler and polymer matrix for higher filler volume concentration beyond 10 vol. %. The scanning electron micrograph reveals that there are voids and pull-out mechanism on tensile fracture surface which are the cause of the composites failure.

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Effects of Filler Incorporation Routes on Mechanical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber/Silica (LDPE/NR/Si) Composites

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.154 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 679 ◽

pp. 154-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pei Ying Teoh ◽

Abdulbaset Mohamed Erfeida ◽

Xuan Viet Cao ◽

Du Ngoc Uy Lan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Tensile Fracture ◽

Low Density ◽

Tensile Fracture Surface ◽

Roll Mill ◽

Typical Morphology ◽

Internal Mixer

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and natural rubber (NR) filled silica composites were prepared by using internal mixer (Brabender) at 150°C and 50 rpm for 10 minutes. Silica was incorporated into polymer matrix by three mixing routes by using Brabender. In mixing I, filler was added into LDPE/NR blend. In mixing II, filler was added prior to LDPE, which was further compounded with NR. In mixing III, filled was pre-dispersed into NR using two-roll mill, after that the compound is blended with LDPE. The effects of filler incorporation routes on the morphological and tensile properties of prepared composites were studied. Observation from SEM result showed that silica tended to localize in NR phase than LDPE phase in the composite. In addition, silica filled LDPE/NR composite exhibited the highest tensile strength in mixing II and lowest in mixing III. Tensile fracture surface of the composites showed typical morphology of LDPE and NR phase depending on mixing methods. KEYWORDS: LDPE/NR, silica, mixing order, tensile properties, morphology

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Interfacial Effects of Plasma Treatment on Fiber Pull-Out

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-170-309 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Umesh Gaur ◽

Theodore Davidson

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Plasma Treatment ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Polymeric Fibers ◽

Pull Out ◽

Surface Energetics ◽

Modify Surface ◽

The Impact ◽

Properties Of Composites

AbstractSurface modification of organic reinforcement fibers by exposure to certain plasmas appears to have considerable potential as a means for improving the performance of composites. Such treatments can change fiber surface properties, leaving the core of the fiber virtually unaffected so that the mechanical properties of the fibers remain unaltered. Previous studies [1–5] have shown that plasma treatment of polymeric fibers can modify surface energetics and that the acid/base characteristics of a fiber surface can be altered by exposure to plasmas of acidic or basic gases. Although several publications [6,7] have reported that the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with plasma-treated fibers are enhanced, there has been no direct evidence to show the impact of fiber surface plasma treatment on interfacial shear strength.

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Effect of Hot-Alkali Treatment on the Structure Composition of Jute Fabrics and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12091386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1386 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xue Wang ◽

Lulu Chang ◽

Xiaolong Shi ◽

Lihai Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fracture Surface ◽

Laminated Composites ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Tensile Fracture ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Tensile Fracture Surface ◽

Pull Out ◽

Jute Fibers ◽

Jute Fabrics

In this study, jute fabrics/epoxy-laminated composites were fabricated via a simple and effective manual layering. Hot-alkali treatment was used to pretreat jute fabrics to improve their interfacial compatibility. The effects of hot-alkali treatment with five concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) on the composition, crystallinity and surface morphology of jute fibers, were analyzed with the aids of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties (tensile and flexural) of laminated composites, and the morphology of the tensile fracture surface, were analyzed. The results indicated that the crystallinity index (CI) and crystallite size (CS) of the cellulose in jute fibers were improved, and there were three stages for CI and CS with the increase of alkali concentrations. Hot-alkali treatment improved the mechanical properties of laminated composites, especially for the 6% NaOH-treated jute fabric reinforced. The tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus of 6% NaOH-treated fabrics reinforced composites were enhanced by 37.5%, 72.3%, 23.2% and 72.2%, respectively, as compared with those of untreated fabrics reinforced composites. The fiber pull-out and the gaps of the tensile fracture surface were reduced after hot-alkali treatment.

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Effects of the Interfacial Bonding Behavior on the Mechanical Properties of E-Glass Fiber/Nanographite Reinforced Hybrid Composites

Advances in Polymer Technology ◽

10.1155/2021/6651896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

N. Saravanan ◽

V. Yamunadevi ◽

V. Mohanavel ◽

V. Kumar Chinnaiyan ◽

Murugesan Bharani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Resolution ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Interfacial Bonding ◽

Tensile Fracture ◽

Sem Images ◽

Tensile Fracture Surface ◽

Epoxy Nanocomposite ◽

Mechanical Stirring ◽

The Impact

The nanoparticles are incorporated into the composite to mark their unique properties. This work investigates the hybrid epoxy nanocomposite and the impact of nanographite reinforcement. The composite was prepared by using a mechanical stirring technique. The amount of nanographite was added in different volumes, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.%. Results of mechanical and dynamic loading properties were analyzed in accordance to the quantity of nano-G. The fiber and matrix interfacial bonding enrichments were evident in high-resolution SEM images-tensile fracture surface. Finally, the optimum content of nanoparticle which impacts the sample greatly was found to be 1.5 wt.%.

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Effect of toughened polyamide-coated carbon fiber fabric on the mechanical performance and fracture toughness of CFRP

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998321999458 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002199832199945

Author(s):

Jong H Eun ◽

Bo K Choi ◽

Sun M Sung ◽

Min S Kim ◽

Joon S Lee

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Fracture Toughness ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Internal Damage ◽

Impact Tests ◽

Flexural Tests ◽

The Impact

In this study, carbon/epoxy composites were manufactured by coating with a polyamide at different weight percentages (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) to improve their impact resistance and fracture toughness. The chemical reaction between the polyamide and epoxy resin were examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites, such as transverse flexural tests, longitudinal flexural tests, and impact tests, were investigated. After the impact tests, an ultrasonic C-scan was performed to reveal the internal damage area. The interlaminar fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites was measured using a mode I test. The critical energy release rates were increased by 77% compared to the virgin carbon/epoxy composites. The surface morphology of the fractured surface was observed. The toughening mechanism of the carbon/epoxy composites was suggested based on the confirmed experimental data.

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Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13051242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1242

Author(s):

Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽

Paulina Kosmela ◽

Mateusz Barczewski ◽

Aleksander Hejna

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Melt Flow Index ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Flow Index ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Metal Composites ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Impact ◽

Properties Of Composites

Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites’ performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.

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Influence of layering pattern of modified kenaf fiber on thermomechanical properties of epoxy composites

Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology ◽

10.1177/1477760619895010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 47-62

Author(s):

AR Mohammed ◽

MS Nurul Atiqah ◽

Deepu A Gopakumar ◽

MR Fazita ◽

Samsul Rizal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Chemical Modification ◽

Epoxy Matrix ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Woven Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Kenaf Fiber ◽

Kenaf Fibers ◽

The Impact ◽

Woven Kenaf

Natural fiber-reinforced composites gained considerable interest in the scientific community due to their eco-friendly nature, cost-effective, and excellent mechanical properties. Here, we reported a chemical modification of kenaf fiber using propionic anhydride to enhance the compatibility with the epoxy matrix. The incorporation of the modified woven and nonwoven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix resulted in the improvement of the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The thermal stability of the epoxy composites was enhanced from 403°C to 677°C by incorporating modified woven kenaf fibers into the epoxy matrix. The modified and unmodified woven kenaf fiber-reinforced epoxy composites had a tensile strength of 64.11 and 58.82 MPa, respectively. The modified woven composites had highest flexural strength, which was 89.4 MPa, whereas, for unmodified composites, it was 86.8 MPa. The modified woven fiber-reinforced epoxy composites showed the highest value of flexural modulus, which was 6.0 GPa compared to unmodified woven composites (5.51 GPa). The impact strength of the epoxy composites was enhanced to 9.43 kJ m−2 by the incarnation of modified woven kenaf fibers into epoxy matrix. This study will be an effective platform to design the chemical modification strategy on natural fibers for enhancing the compatibility toward the hydrophobic polymer matrices.

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Effects of microcrystalline cellulose on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene composites

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705717753056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 297-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yousef Ahmad Mubarak ◽

Raghda Talal Abdulsamad

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Weight Fraction ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Ldpe Composites ◽

The Impact

This work was intended to provide an understanding of the effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on the mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The impact resistance and the tensile properties of low-density LDPE/MCC composites were investigated. The weight fraction of MCC was varied at (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt%). The obtained blends were then used to prepare the required tensile and impact testing samples by hot compression molding technique. It has been found that MCC has a strong influence on the mechanical properties of LDPE. At a low MCC weight fraction, there was a little improvement in the ultimate strength, fracture stress, and elongation at break, but at a high MCC weight fraction, the tensile properties were deteriorated and reduced significantly. The addition of 1 wt% MCC to LDPE enhanced the mentioned properties by 10, 25, and 6%, respectively. While at 30 wt% MCC, these properties were lowered by 36, 25, and 96%. The elastic modulus of LDPE composites was improved on all MCC weight fractions used in the study, at 20 wt% MCC, an increase in the elastic modulus by 12 folds was achieved. On the other hand and compared with the impact strength of pure LDPE, the addition of MCC particles enhanced the impact strength, the highest value obtained was for LDPE composites filled with 10 wt% MCC where the impact strength enhanced by two folds.

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Tensile Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Continuous Sisal Fibers

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.775-776.284 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 775-776 ◽

pp. 284-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sergio Neves Monteiro ◽

Frederico Muylaert Margem ◽

Wellington Pereira Inácio ◽

Artur Camposo Pereira ◽

Michel Picanço Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Epoxy Matrix ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Fracture Analysis ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Matrix Composites ◽

Matrix Interface ◽

Fiber Matrix Interface ◽

Sisal Fibers

The tensile properties of DGEBA/TETA epoxy matrix composites reinforced with different amounts of sisal fibers were evaluated. Composites reinforce with up to 30% in volume of long, continuous and aligned sisal fibers were room temperature tested in an Instron machine. The fracture was analyzed by SEM. The results showed significant changes in the mechanical properties with the amount of sisal fibers. These mechanical properties were compared with other bend-tested composites results. The fracture analysis revealed a weak fiber/matrix interface, which could be responsible for the performance of some properties.

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Studies on Water Sorption Behaviour of Laminated Bamboo Polymer Composite

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913001040 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 ◽

pp. 01040 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuniar Ratna Pratiwi ◽

Indah Widiastuti ◽

Budi Harjanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Bamboo Fiber ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Sorption Behaviour ◽

Laminated Bamboo ◽

The Matrix

The aim of this article is to evaluate water absorption in bamboo fiber composites. Bamboo is hydrophilic, means that it easily absorbs water. In this study the bamboo fiber-based composites were developed using hand lay up method, with epoxy resin as the matrix constituent. Water absorption characteristics of specimens of bamboo composite and epoxy were determined from water immersion tests at several temperatures. Gravimetric analysis was performed to determine the moisure absorbed as a function of time at two different temperatures: 25 ºC and 50 C. The diffusivity of water in an epoxy bamboo composite was determined after reaching saturation point. During room temperature soaking, epoxy specimen showed the characteristic of Fickian behavior. Similar immersion tests on bamboo-epoxy composites followed nonfickian behavior. Changes in the mechanical properties of material due to water absorption were evaluated from tensile testing on materials with varied water content. It was found that the waterabsorption in all samples reduced the tensile properties. The degradation of tensile properties was greater with an increasing temperature of immersion. The results of this study emphasize the importance ofconsidering deterioration of mechanical properties in the bamboo epoxy composites during their application in water and possibly in humid environment.

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