scholarly journals Impact of Landuse Morphology on Urban Transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1753-1773
Author(s):  
Francis O. Okeke ◽  
Louis Gyoh ◽  
Ifeanyi F. Echendu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
Significant Difference

People, cities, nations and the world, in general, would remain largely underdeveloped without transportation systems. However, Transportation puts significant pressure on land use and poses a great challenge to urban sustainability in developing countries. This study examines the influence of Land use structure on Intra-urban transportation in the developing city of cities in the West African sub-region – using Enugu city as a case study. The study uses a descriptive research method. A survey was carried out in six districts within the Enugu metropolis based on a stratified, purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments; 400 respondence participated in the study employing Yamane equation. Furthermore, a twelve-hour (7 am to 7 pm) traffic count was conducted to assess traffic volume. The study finding revealed that Transportation within the urban areas is significantly impacted by Land-use structure, city morphology, neighbourhood characteristics in terms of population and residential density of the city. The hypothesis suggests no significant difference between the various land uses across the Enugu metropolis (p = 0.129). It was also discovered that an average of 122,431 Passenger Car Units (PCU) constantly ply the metropolis roads to service a total population of 564,725 daily, indicated a high rate of car dependency. The study surmises that land use generates vehicular traffic, which impacts the socio-economic environment and the effectiveness of the transportation system. The significance of this study is that the findings contribute to the existing knowledge base that would advance stratic policy formation towards acceleration of the uptake of sustainable urban transportation systems in the region. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091758 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN LANDSCAPEIN LATGALE REGION ON CHANGE OF 20- 21 CENTURIES

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Ivars Matisovs
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Social Economics ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Construction Works

The paper deals with transformation of urban landscape in the 2 cities and 12 towns of Latgale region on change of 20-21 centuries, in the period from 1990 to 2007. Article provides information about factors and social economics processes that have influence on urban landscape structure and quality. The paper have a look at changes of land use structure, demographical processes, urban environmental quality, dynamics of urban transportation system and intensity of construction works in the cities and towns of Latgale region. The results establish disparities between scopes and directions of urban landscape transformation among different ranks of urban settlements.

scholarly journals The Differences in Self-Medication Factors for Toddler Mothers Between Rural and Urban

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jati Untari ◽  
Lisa Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information Exposure

Introduction: Self-medication occurs in many developing countries in the world, including Indonesia, which can cause a variety of global impacts, namely improper use that can lead to irrational use of drugs, late seeking medical advice, increasing side effects and drug interactions. Self-medication is related to the role of mothers in the household. The purpose of this study to find out the differences in factors that influence maternal behavior in self-medication oftoddler including knowledge, attitudes, income levels, and exposure to information sources between rural and urban areas. Methods: The study was conducted in 2 locations in Gemawang (rural) and Campursari (urban), WonosoboDistrict, Central Java Province. The population of quantitative analytic research with cross sectional design was 78 mothers with children in rural and 75 in urban areas. Data analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov because in the normality test the data used shapirowilk from the variables of knowledge, attitudes, income levels and information exposure with self-medication behavior, the result was p = 0.00 (<0.05) so the data was not normally distributed. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Results: There were differences in knowledge, attitudes, income levels, and exposure to information about mothers oftoddler of self-medication behavior between rural and urban with a value of p=0,000. Conclusions: The behavior of mothers in self-medication of toddler between rural and urban areas has a significant difference with knowledge, behavior, attitudes, income level, and information exposure.

P053 The place of ASLOs in the diagnosis of RAA in Morocco

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himri Sara ◽  
Oumokhtar Bouchra ◽  
El Fakir Samira ◽  
Atmani Samir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The assay of antistreptolysin O antibodies “ASLO” can provide evidence of infection of streptococcal origin, but it cannot confirm the presence of rheumatic fever “RAA” or the degree of severity of the disease. However, it is widely prescribed in daily practice by pediatricians and general practitioners to diagnose RAA. Unfortunately, the only finding of a high rate of ASLO in front of recurrent tonsillitis in children is considered by some practitioners as sufficient evidence to support the diagnosis of RAA, especially in its minor form, without taking into account the Jones criteria. The objective of this study is to put the ASLO assay in its place in the diagnosis of RAA in children in the region of Fez in Morocco. Methods This is a prospective study carried out from January 2016 to July 2019 in the cardiopediatric unit of CHU Hassan II in Fez. Patients below 18 years of age were included in this study. The children are classified into 4 groups: group 1: RAA with cardiac involvement, group 2: RAA without cardiac involvement, group 3: recurrent pharyngitis and group 4: control. Children with RAA are diagnosed according to the modified Jones criteria. The repetitive angina group includes any child who has tonsillitis &gt;5 times a year. The control group presents healthy children. The ASLO assay was carried out in the central analysis laboratory of the CHU Hassan II in Fez. Patient data is collected on operating sheets. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 21 software. Results These are 153 children with RAA: 119 cases of RAA with cardiac involvement and 34 cases of RAA without cardiac involvement, 86 children with recurrent pharyngitis and 157 children controls. The most common age group in the four groups is the age group between 5 and 15 years old. The frequency of children of urban origin is greater than that of rural origin in all the groups studied. The average ASLO rates in each group are as follows: RAA with carditis: 281.1 IU/ml RAA without carditis: 331.9 IU/ml Repeated angina: 397.7 IU/ml Control: 208.8 IU/ml Monitoring the change in ASLO, every 3 months for a year, in the groups studied showed that the ASLO level is stable at high rates in the case of recurrent pharyngitis and it tends to decrease in the case of AAR. Regarding the relationship between ASLO means and gender, there is a high ASLO mean in boys more than girls in all groups. Also, the mean ASLO is high in children from urban areas for the recurrent angina group. In addition, the average rate of ASLO is high during cold seasons in all groups. Finally, our study shows that the increase in ASLO is related to age. There is a significant difference between ASLO rates and age in all groups. Conclusion ASLO levels do not correlate with cardiac involvement but rather with infection and the child's individual immunity. The evidence is that ASLO levels&gt; 200 IU/ml are more common with recurrent pharyngitis than with rheumatic heart disease. So a high ASLO is not necessarily related to an RAA. Keywords ASLO, children, RAA, recurrent tonsillitis

scholarly journals Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover on Water Quality at Multiple Buffer-Zone Scales in a Lakeside City

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqin Huang ◽  
Jingqiao Mao ◽  
Dejun Zhu ◽  
Chenyu Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Understanding the effect of land use/land cover (LULC) on water quality is essential for environmental improvement, especially in urban areas. This study examined the relationship between LULC at buffer-zone scales and water quality in a lakeside city near Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. Representative indicators were selected by factor analysis to characterize the water quality in the study area, and then the association between LULC and water quality over space and time was quantified by redundancy analysis. The results indicated that the influence of LULC on water quality is scale-dependent. In general, the LULC could explain from 56.9% to 31.6% of the variation in water quality at six buffer zones (from 500 m to 1800 m). Forest land had a positive effect on water quality among most buffer zones, while construction land and bare land affected the representative water quality indicators negatively within the 1200 m and 1500 m buffer zones, respectively. There was also a seasonal variation in the relationship between LULC and water quality. The closest connection between them appeared at the 1000 m buffer zone in the dry season, whereas there was no significant difference among the buffer zones in the wet season. The results suggest the importance of considering buffer-zone scales in assessing the impacts of LULC on water quality in urban lakeshore areas.

scholarly journals Identifying Causes of Urban Differential Subsidence in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta by Combining InSAR and Field Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Kim de Wit ◽  
Bente R. Lexmond ◽  
Esther Stouthamer ◽  
Olaf Neussner ◽  
Nils Dörr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The Mekong delta, like many deltas around the world, is subsiding at a relatively high rate, predominately due to natural compaction and groundwater overexploitation. Land subsidence influences many urbanized areas in the delta. Loading, differences in infrastructural foundation depths, land-use history, and subsurface heterogeneity cause a high spatial variability in subsidence rates. While overall subsidence of a city increases its exposure to flooding and reduces the ability to drain excess surface water, differential subsidence results in damage to buildings and above-ground and underground infrastructure. However, the exact contribution of different processes driving differential subsidence within cities in the Mekong delta has not been quantified yet. In this study we aim to identify and quantify drivers of processes causing differential subsidence within three major cities in the Vietnamese Mekong delta: Can Tho, Ca Mau and Long Xuyen. Satellite-based PS-InSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) vertical velocity datasets were used to identify structures that moved at vertical velocities different from their surroundings. The selected buildings were surveyed in the field to measure vertical offsets between their foundation and the surface level of their surroundings. Additionally, building specific information, such as construction year and piling depth, were collected to investigate the effect of piling depth and time since construction on differential vertical subsidence. Analysis of the PS-InSAR-based velocities from the individual buildings revealed that most buildings in this survey showed less vertical movement compared to their surroundings. Most of these buildings have a piled foundation, which seems to give them more stability. The difference in subsidence rate can be up to 30 mm/year, revealing the contribution of shallow compaction processes above the piled foundation level (up to 20 m depth). This way, piling depths can be used to quantify depth-dependent subsidence. Other local factors such as previous land use, loading of structures without a piled foundation and variation in piling depth, i.e., which subsurface layer the structures are founded on, are proposed as important factors determining urban differential subsidence. PS-InSAR data, in combination with field observations and site-specific information (e.g., piling depths, land use, loading), provides an excellent opportunity to study urban differential subsidence and quantify depth-dependent subsidence rates. Knowing the magnitude of differential subsidence in urban areas helps to differentiate between local and delta wide subsidence patterns in InSAR-based velocity data and to further improve estimates of future subsidence.

scholarly journals Relationship between Land-Use Type and Daily Concentration and Variability of PM10 in Metropolitan Cities: Evidence from South Korea

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Heechul Kim ◽  
Sungjo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mixed Land Use

Since urban areas with high air pollution are known to have higher mortality rates compared to areas with less air pollution, accurately understanding and predicting the distribution of particulate matter (PM) in cities is important for urban planning policies that seek to emphasize the health of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between PM and land use in metropolitan cities in South Korea using the land-use regression model. We use daily data from the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in seven cities in South Korea for the year 2018. For analysis, K-means clustering is employed to identify the land-use pattern surrounding the AQMSs and two log-lin regression models are used to investigate the effects of each land-use type on PM. The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, thus verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy. Moreover, microclimatic, seasonal, and regional factors affect PM concentration and variability. Finally, to minimize exposure to PM, various policies such as mixed land use need to be established and implemented differently, depending on the season and time.

scholarly journals Connectivity Between Pedestrian Ways and BRT Shelter in Banyumanik and Pedurungan, Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Diah Intan Dewi ◽  
Anita Ratnasari Rakhmatulloh
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
City Government ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Pedestrian Networks

The increasing number of human activities from sub urban areas causes high movements in urban areas. The high rate of human movement drives the need for human circulation pathways and adequate transportation systems. To solve this problem, the Semarang City government has actually built transportation facilities in the form of BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) along with pedestrian ways. However, in reality the pedestrian ways that acts as a link to the door to door service is not well connected so it is less secure and comfortable and unable to accommodate the needs of the urban community. The purpose of this study was to examine the connectivity between pedestrian networks and BRT shelter in Semarang. The method of analysis in this study used GIS applications to evaluate access pedestrian connectivity to BRT shelther in Banyumanik and Pedurungan, Semarang. The results of the study are the connectivity between pedestrian ways and BRT shelter  in Banyumanik is good on the other side the connectivity in Pedurungan is not good and optimally configured

A Descriptive study to assess the knowledge of Pradhanmantri Jandhan Yojana Among young adult people Bhandu Village of Mehsana District

2021 ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Jinal Patel
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bank Accounts

“The Prime minister’s scheme Pradhan Mantri Jandhan Yojana (PMDJY)’ was launched on 28th August 2014 which envisages universal access to banking with a basic banking account with no minimum balance, financial literacy, access to credit insurance and pension. The account holders are benefited with an interest on their deposits, Accidental Insurance Coverage of Rest: 1,00,000/-, Life Insurance Coverage of Rest: 30,000/-, Easy transfer of Money across India, Govt. Schemes Direct Benefit Transfer, Access to Pension and Insurance products and Overdraft facility of up to Rs: 5,000/-. The scheme recorded with opening of15.30 crores accounts as on 29th April 2015, out of which 9.17 crore accounts in rural and 6.13 crores accounts in urban areas. The achievement of this scheme has also taken place in the Guinness Book of World Records for opening most number of bank accounts opened in one week as result of financial inclusion campaign dated August 23 – 29, 2014. The scheme has surpassed original target of opening bank accounts for 7.5 crore excluded households in the country by 26th January 2015 with banks already opening 11.50 crore accounts by 17th January 2015. Objective: To study the need for financial inclusion in India To discuss the salient features and basic pillars of PMJDY. To assess the progress made under the PMJDY. To make some suggestions for smooth functioning of this scheme. Hypothesis: H1: There is no significant association between the Age of the respondents and their First point of contact for getting advices/suggestions on finance H2: There is no significant difference between the Gender of the respondents and their Awareness about the benefits of - Pradhan Mantri Jan – Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)‖ scheme. H3: There is no significant relationship among variables of the benefits of Pradhan Mantri Jan - Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)scheme. Design: Survey-research approach using Descriptive pre-test design with one group. Participation: 50 Adult public were selected using Random sampling technique in Mehsana District. Tool: Self Structured Questionnaire was used to assess the level of knowledge of Adult public regarding PMDJY. Results: Distribution of mean, SD and mean percentage of awareness and knowledge regarding pradhan mantri jandhan yojana score of young adult people shows that the mean score (13.4±2.951) which is 67.00% of total score. Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that teaching helps in improving knowledge regarding PMDJY among Adult people.

scholarly journals Analysis of changes in the land use structure of developed and urban areas in Eastern Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Senetra ◽  
Agnieszka Szczepańska ◽  
Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Housing Services ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Operational Program ◽  
Rural Character

Abstract The development of housing, services and industry as well as the accompanying infrastructure leads to the intensification of urbanisation processes and changes in land use structure. The area of land characterised by urban use is increasing. The above trend is also observed in Eastern Poland despite its predominantly rural character and the absence of metropolitan areas exerting great pressure on the local landscape, contributing to regional development and enhancing the region’s competitiveness. The paper discusses changes in land use structure in developed and urban areas in Eastern Poland. The analysis includes five Polish voivodeships (Lubelskie, Podkarpackie, Podlaskie, Świętokrzyskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie) characterised by the lowest GDP per capita in the EU-25. For this reason, Eastern Poland will receive aid as part of the ‘Development of Eastern Poland’ Operational Program 2007-2013. This is the only supra-regional program in the European Union which promotes social and economic growth in underdeveloped regions by co-financing projects in urban development, road construction and tourism promotion. The analysis of changes in the share of developed and urban areas in total land area as well as changes in local land use structure (subgroups) covers the period of 2007-2013. The data relating to land use structure was supplied by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography. It was used to determine the scale and rate of urbanisation in the analysed voivodeships (regions) and their constituent poviats (counties) with special emphasis on suburban areas. The results were presented in the form of cartograms and thematic maps with the use of GIS tools. The GIS tools support the visualisation of the spatial distribution of the analysed phenomena.

scholarly journals Corona Virus Diseases (COVID-19) and Online Class among Children in Pokhara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Netra Prasad Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
School Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Usual Behavior ◽  
Children’S Education

The Declaration of COVID 19 as a pandemic became a turning point that shifted the paradigm of human civilization and education system. This paper aims to explore the behavioral aspects of school-level children and the situation of online education after the COVID 19 pandemic in Nepal. The study used an exploratory research design to achieve purposes. The parents having school-level children are the population for this study. And purposive sampling technique is used to collect primary data through an online system by sharing the link of the questionnaire form to parents living in urban areas, and fifty responses collected during a month. Descriptive statistical tools used for analysis purposes. The closure of schools has increased the use of mobiles phone in children. Children spent very little time in house undertakings, indooroutdoor games, singing and dancing, and playing with family members. They have observed changes in their usual behavior, parents are feeling difficulties to handle their children in a house settings. Online education is a new use for Nepalese society and school-level education. The participation of children in online education and the effectiveness is at a satisfactory level. However, electricity, accessory devices, internet facility, the interest of children, and lack of monitoring of children’s education have become the major problems. The study finding suggests that parents should take care of children’s education and prevent them from the unwanted effects of using the mobile phone and other undesirable behavioral changes due to the closures of schools.

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