scholarly journals Green Preservation of Goatskin to Deplete Chloride from Tannery Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Md. Abul Hashem ◽  
Sofia Payel ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md. Abdul Momen ◽  
Md. Sahariar Sahen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Green Method ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Animal Skin ◽  
Salt Preservation

Globally, in wet-salting preservation, common salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is generally practiced for the raw animal skin which emits a huge amount of chloride-containing wastewater affecting groundwater quality, human and plant life. Chlorides in tannery wastewater encourage salt-free or less-salt preservation methods of raw skin. In this study, an alternative salt-free ‘green method’ has been described for goatskin preservation with rapidly growing obnoxious weeds Sphagneticola trilobata leaf. The ‘green leaf paste’ was applied on the flesh side of the raw goatskin and compared with conventional wet-salting (50% NaCl) method for 28 days. Different parameters of both sample like moisture, nitrogen, hydrothermal stability, and bacterial growth were periodically assessed and compared. Shoe upper leather was produced from both preserved goatskins. After comparing with standards, the physical properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, bursting strength satisfied the standard requirements. SEM images showed no deterioration to the fiber structure of both samples. Moreover, the suggested method reduces the pollution loads: chloride, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand by 98.04%, 92.9%, 90.2%, and 85.5%, respectively. The overall assessment recommends that the salt-free ‘green method’ utilizing S. trilobata leaf paste could be an attractive system over the conventional wet-salting method. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-02-03 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Effective Chromium Adsorption From Aqueous Solutions and Tannery Wastewater Using Bimetallic Fe/Cu Nanoparticles: Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110281
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Mahmoud ◽  
Nouran Y. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed K. Mostafa ◽  
Mohamed S. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cu Nanoparticles ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Cr Removal

Tannery industrial effluent is one of the most difficult wastewater types since it contains a huge concentration of organic, oil, and chrome (Cr). This study successfully prepared and applied bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs) for chrome removal. In the beginning, the Fe/Cu NPs was equilibrated by pure aqueous chrome solution at different operating conditions (lab scale), then the nanomaterial was applied in semi full scale. The operating conditions indicated that Fe/Cu NPs was able to adsorb 68% and 33% of Cr for initial concentrations of 1 and 9 mg/L, respectively. The removal occurred at pH 3 using 0.6 g/L Fe/Cu dose, stirring rate 200 r/min, contact time 20 min, and constant temperature 20 ± 2ºC. Adsorption isotherm proved that the Khan model is the most appropriate model for Cr removal using Fe/Cu NPs with the minimum error sum of 0.199. According to khan, the maximum uptakes was 20.5 mg/g Cr. Kinetic results proved that Pseudo Second Order mechanism with the least possible error of 0.098 indicated that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) equation was developed with a significant p-value = 0 to label the relations between Cr removal and different experimental parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were performed with a structure of 5-4-1 and the achieved results indicated that the effect of the dose is the most dominated variable for Cr removal. Application of Fe/Cu NPs in real tannery wastewater showed its ability to degrade and disinfect organic and biological contaminants in addition to chrome adsorption. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cr, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oil reached 61.5%, 49.5%, 44.8%, 100%, 38.9%, 96.3%, 88.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Post-treatment of tannery wastewater using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (polishing)

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadesse Alemu ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Seyoum Leta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Abstract In the present study, a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) system planted with Phragmites karka; longitudinal profile was studied. The wetland was fed with tannery wastewater, pretreated in a two-stage anaerobic digester followed by a sequence batch reactor. Samples from each CW were taken and analyzed using standard methods. The removal efficiency of the CW system in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr and total coliforms were 91.3%, 90%, 97.3% and 99%, respectively. The removal efficiency for TN, NO3− and NH4+-N were 77.7%, 66.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of SO42−, S2− and total suspended solids (TSS) were 71.8%, 88.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The concentration of COD, BOD, TN, NO3−N, NH4+-N, SO42 and S2− in the final treated effluent were 113.2 ± 52, 56 ± 18, 49.3 ± 13, 22.75 ± 20, 17.1 ± 6.75, 88 ± 120 and 0.4 ± 0.44 mg/L, respectively. Pollutants removal was decreased in the first 12 m and increased along the CW cells. P. karka development in the first cell of CW was poor, small in size and experiencing chlorosis, but clogging was higher in this area due to high organic matter settling, causing a partial surface flow. The performance of the pilot CW as a tertiary treatment showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards.

scholarly journals Improving Mechanical Properties of PLA/Starch Blends Using Masterbatch Containing Vegetable Oil Based Active Ingredients

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Bianka Nagy ◽  
Norbert Miskolczi ◽  
Zoltán Eller
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Charpy Impact Strength

The aim of this research was to increase the compatibility between PLA and starch with vegetable oil-based additives. Based on tensile results, it can be stated, that Charpy impact strength could be improved for 70/30 and 60/40 blends in both unconditioned and conditioned cases, regardless of vegetable oil, while no advantageous change in impact strength was obtained with PLA-g-MA. Considering sample with the highest starch concentration (50%), the flexural modulus was improved by using sunflower oil-based additive, Charpy impact strength and elongation at break was increased using rapeseed oil-based additive in both conditioned and unconditioned cases. SEM images confirmed the improvement of compatibility between components.

scholarly journals Bio-Based Thermoplastic Starch Composites Reinforced by Dialdehyde Lignocellulose

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3236
Author(s):  
Peng Yin ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Panxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Oxidation Damage

In order to improve the mechanical properties and water resistance of thermoplastic starch (TPS), a novel reinforcement of dialdehyde lignocellulose (DLC) was prepared via the oxidation of lignocellulose (LC) using sodium periodate. Then, the DLC-reinforced TPS composites were prepared by an extrusion and injection process using glycerol as a plasticizer. The DLC and LC were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effects of DLC content on the properties of the DLC/TPS composites were investigated via the evaluation of SEM images, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and contact angles. XRD showed that the crystallinity of the DLC decreased due to oxidation damage to the LC. SEM showed good dispersion of the DLC in the continuous TPS phase at low amounts of DLC, which related to good mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the DLC/TPS composite reached a maximum at a DLC content of 3 wt.%, while the elongation at break of the DLC/TPS composites increased with increasing DLC content. The DLC/TPS composites had better thermal stability than the neat TPS. As the DLC content increased, the water resistance first increased, then decreased. The highest tensile strength and elongation at break reached 5.26 MPa and 111.25%, respectively, and the highest contact angle was about 90.7°.

scholarly journals Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology in the Treatment of Highly Contaminated Tannery Wastewater Using Commercial Potassium Ferrate

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Kozik ◽  
Krzysztof Barbusinski ◽  
Maciej Thomas ◽  
Agnieszka Sroda ◽  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Potassium Ferrate

The potential implementation of Envifer®, a commercial product containing potassium ferrate (40.1% K2FeO4), for the purification of highly contaminated tannery wastewater from leather dyeing processes was proposed. The employment of the Taguchi method for optimization of experiments allowed the discoloration (98.4%), chemical oxygen demand (77.2%), total organic carbon (75.7%), and suspended solids (96.9%) values to be lowered using 1.200 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 3 within 9 min. The application of the central composite design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM) with the use of 1.400 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 4.5 diminished the discoloration, the chemical oxygen demand, the total organic carbon, and suspended solids within 9 min. The Taguchi method is suitable for the initial implementation, while the RSM is superior for the extended optimization of wastewater treatment processes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microcrystalline Chitosan and Fibrin Membranes as Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB Carriers with Amoxicillin

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimiera H. Bodek ◽  
Karolina M. Nowak ◽  
Marcin Kozakiewicz ◽  
Andrzej Bodek ◽  
Marta Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Microcrystalline Chitosan ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of this study was to describe the mechanical and sorption features of homogeneous and composite membranes which consist of microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh) and fibrin (Fb) in various proportions as well as thein vitrokinetics of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) released from ten types of membranes in the presence or absence of amoxicillin (Am). The films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical tests: breaking strength (Bs) and elongation at break (Eb), as well as SEM images, and swelling study. The influence of the form of samples (dry or wet) on Young’s modulus (E) was also examined. The homogeneous MCCh (M1) and composite M3 and M4 (MCCh : Fb = 2 : 1 and 1 : 1) membranes were characterized by good sorption properties and higher mechanical strength, when compared with Fb (M2) membrane. Connecting MCCh with Fb decreases release of PDGF-BB and increases release of Am. The most efficient release of PDGF-BB was observed in the case of M4 (the optimum MCCh : Fb ratio was 1 : 1) membrane. It was found that the degree of PDGF-BB release from the membrane is influenced by the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the films and by its affinity to growth factor PDGF-BB.

Polypropylene/wood powder composites: Evaluation of PP viscosity in thermal, mechanical, thermomechanical, and morphological characters

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571988095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo da Silva Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Danilo Diniz Siqueira ◽  
Renate Maria Ramos Wellen
Keyword(s):  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Powder Composites

Large waste amounts from wood industries as powder and sawdust are daily produced, and reusing these materials otherwise would be discharged to the environment has become an economically viable and environmentally friendly alternative to produce new materials. Based on these arguments, polypropylene (PP)/Jatobá wood powder composites upon addition of two types of PP were processed in a corotational twin screw extruder; specimens were injected and molded and their characterization was performed through differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, mechanical properties (impact, tensile, flexural, and hardness), heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increased elastic modulus, shore D hardness, HDT, and Vicat related to neat PPs were reached. Nevertheless, losses in impact and tensile strength as well as in elongation at break were also verified. These lower data may be associated with the wood agglomeration, as shown in SEM images. Apparently, the investigated properties were not affected by PP viscosities, where both of them presented similar data. Summing up, presented results can be considered commercially feasible, focusing at economic and environmental benefits while producing higher performance products.

Effect of different size of PbWO4 particles on EPDM composite for gamma-ray shielding

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050046
Author(s):  
Jinghui Fan ◽  
Juying Wu ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Shielding Properties

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) composites filled with 0–400 phr [Formula: see text] (PWO) were prepared by conventional process using a two-roll mill. Surface treatment of the fillers coated with KH570 was conducted to enhance the wettability and lubrication of fillers in the polymer matrix. According to SEM images and mechanical test, both micro- and submicro-fillers disperse homogeneously in the matrix, and adhesion of submicro-fillers to the matrix is stronger than that of micro-fillers. The submicro-PWO composites had better tensile strength and elongation at break than those composites containing micro-PWO powder, but a relatively higher hardness. The photon shielding test was performed to determine the radiation shielding properties of these composites, which showed that attenuation of gamma-rays for the submicro-PWO composites was substantially enhanced compared to micro-PWO reinforced composites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Quality of the Titas River Using NSF Water Quality Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Islam ◽  
T. Rasul ◽  
J. Bin Alam ◽  
M. A. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Quality Status

The Titas River, a trans-boundary river of Bangladesh flows almost the entire Brahmanbaria district, consumes a huge amount of sewage, agricultural discharges and runoff, waste produced from human excreta, discharges of two oil mills and contaminants from other minor sources. A study is conducted to find the water quality status of the river during the period from July 2008 to June 2009 and by using National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) water quality index, the probable use of this water is predicted. This work consists of laboratory tests for the evaluation of some water quality parameters of the Titas and to identify its probable use in various purposes. The results of the laboratory tests and NSF water quality index suggest that the water can be used for recreation, pisciculture and irrigation purposes but requires treatment before using for drinking.Keywords: Water pollution; Faecal coliform; Dissolved oxygen (DO); Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD).© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 151-159 (2011)

Study on the Performance of Nano-CaCO3 and LLDPE Based Artificial Turf Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 1077-1081
Author(s):  
Hong Ling Yi ◽  
Wei Shan Wang ◽  
Heng Lin ◽  
Wei Guang Gong ◽  
Ting Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Caco3 Content ◽  
New Type ◽  
Strength Retention

In this paper, a new type of LLDPE/nano CaCO3 composite based artificial turf yarns with good tensile property and UV resistance is introduced. The effect of nano CaCO3content on tensile properties shows that the tensile force reached the maximum value when the CaCO3 content is about 7wt%, and the elongation at break gets to the highest point at 10wt%. After 3000h UV accelerated aging, the nano-CaCO3 and LLDPE based artificial turf fiber yarns has tensile strength retention about 87%, and the elongation at break is higher than LLDPE. DSC results shows that with the increase of nano-CaCO3 content, the crystallization temperature gradually increased, and the crystallinity degree declined. SEM images of cross sections of monofilament fibers show that nano CaCO3 had a good dispersion in monofilament fiber matrix. These reasons give rise to the improved mechanical properties of turf yarns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document