scholarly journals Finances of Soviet Latvia on the Eve of and during the Great Patriotic War: Materials from the Russian State Archive of Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 505-518
Author(s):  
Anastasia V. Zotova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Union Republic ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
In Series ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
State Expenditures

The article provides an overview of documents of the Russian State Archive of Economy (RGAE), which reflect the dynamics of financial support for all aspects of life in the Latvian SSR from August 1940 to May 1945. These documents are stored in series 25–30 of fond 7733 “Ministry of Finance of the USSR. 1917-1991” and have not yet been studied by researchers. Series 25 and 26 contain rich data on financing of various branches of the Latvian economy, including those not developed in Latvia previously. The peculiarity of currency circulation in late 1940 ? early 1941 is described. There were two currencies in circulation in the Republic at the time: the lats and the rubles. The documents show that the central government policy did not seek to destroy private farms. On the contrary, the authorities provided Latvian peasants with loans on favorable terms to help the population to adapt to Soviet life. The documents inform that 50 machine-tractor stations were built in Soviet Latvia in a short period of time. These stations were exempt from taxes. Series 26 contains documents that provide data on plans for financing the social sphere in Latvia in 1941 to the extent of 50.8% of all expenses. This figure was significantly higher than in any other union republic. In the RGAE there are unique documents on the financing of Soviet Latvia during the Great Patriotic War. There are cost estimates that allow to study state expenditures on the functioning of the Soviet Latvian government in the period from 1942 to 1943. In series 29 and 30, there is much information on the transfer of funds for the restoration of the destroyed economy and social sphere of the Latvian SSR and on the priorities of financial security. In addition to the restoration of enterprises, institutions, and housing, significant funds were transferred to the implementation of new social projects: construction of higher educational institutions, technical schools, schools, libraries, museums, theaters, and cinemas.

scholarly journals ON THE SPECIFICS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PLENIPOTENTIARIES OF THE STATE DEFENSIVE COMMITTEE DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (ACCORDING TO DOCUMENTS OF FEDERAL AND REGIONAL ARCHIVES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
D. V. Repnikov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
History Of

The article is devoted to such an important aspect of the activities of the plenipotentiaries of the State Defensive Committee during the Great Patriotic War, as conflicts of authority. Contradictions between the plenipotentiaries of the State Defensive Committee and the leaders of party, state, economic bodies at various levels, as well as between the plenipotentiaries themselves, that were expressed in the emergence of various disputes and often resulted in conflicts of authority, became commonplace in the functioning of the state power system of the USSR in the war period. Based on documents from federal (State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, Russian State Archive of Economics) and regional (Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic, Center for Documentation of the Recent History of the Udmurt Republic) archives, the author considers a conflict of authority situation that developed during the Great Patriotic War in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which shows that historical reality is more complicated than the stereotypical manifestations of it.

AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA PROTECTION OF STATE INTERESTS IN THE IVANOVO REGION IN 1941

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Vladimir Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Defense

The article is devoted to the study of the actions of the Soviet state on agitation and propaganda protection of state interests in the Ivanovo region in 1941. It reflects the measures of the Soviet government and the state defense Committee of the USSR to prevent uncontrolled forms of dissemination of information that arouses alarm among the population and measures of responsibility for these actions. Important attention is paid to such official means of countering German propaganda in the Ivanovo region as radio broadcasting, periodicals and film production. It shows the specifics of their activities in the most difficult conditions of the initial period of the great Patriotic war, the degree of perception of the population of the region of the information they bring. The article is based on the materials of the Russian state archive of socio-political history, the state archive of the Ivanovo region and the local periodical press. The results of this research may be of interest to specialists in the history of the great Patriotic war, students of higher educational institutions, as well as the General public.

scholarly journals Food contribution of the Krasnodar Territory to the Great victory

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
S.A. Zhevalov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Great Victory

The article investigates the supply of agricultural products of the Krasnodar Territory during the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the issue is caused by constant discussions about the significance of the contribution of domestic supplies of agricultural products to the Great Victory. The documents that has formed the basis of the article are kept in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RSAE). The total amount of agricultural products of the Krasnodar Territory supplied to the state in 1941- 1945 is determined using the archival sources. The author demonstrates the dynamics of the supply of all food products. The principles of historicism, objectivity, scientific character and consistency have become the basis of this article. Historical-comparative, historical-genetic and statistical methods have been also used in the article. The author has concluded that the collective farm-state farming system in the countryside managed to provide the Red Army and the Soviet people with the necessary amount of bread, potatoes, vegetables, meat, milk, eggs, etc.

scholarly journals Archival Documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History as a Source for Studying Economic Crime in the Days of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1064-1075
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Pass ◽  
◽  
Marina N. Potemkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Economic Crimes

The article determines the value and prospects of using historical sources stored in the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGASPI) for disclosing problems of economic crime in 1941–45. Understanding modern dangers of corruption, illegal enrichment, and malfeasance requires studying the historical experience of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. It was a time to confront not only a strong external enemy, but also internal challenges, including, in particular, activation of criminal elements in the economic sphere. Despite an abundance of legal and historical publications devoted to economic crime and combating it, a whole layer of archival documents remains outside the field of research. The study has been carried out on the basis of institutional methodological approach using source heuristics, source analysis, historical-comparative method. The documents revealed in the RGASPI consist of previously unpublished materials of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Party Control Commission under the Central Committee of the CPSU, regional and city party committees (obkoms and gorkoms), and political departments of various agencies, through which transportation and distribution of food and industrial goods was conducted, as well as fragments of national leaders’ personal funds. The analyzed documents reflect criminal acts characteristic of the war period: speculation, embezzlement, bribery, malfeasance of high-ranking officials. The aforementioned delicts are reflected in the minutes of meetings, reports, certificates, and directives describing in detail the most common types of economic crime and measures taken by the authorities to curb it. The study concludes that the identified documents possess a high degree of objectivity and confirm the thesis of numerical growth and expansion in range of economic crimes in the context of a social wartime crisis. As main strategy for combating the growth of economic crimes throughout the war, the national leadership used a tough punitive policy, but these measures did not give tangible results. The effectiveness of domestic policy measures aimed at ensuring protection of state and personal property of citizens decreased due to deterioration in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the judiciary and political pressure from the party leadership, as well as selective nature of Soviet justice and use of unnecessarily harsh punishments, while deviance resulted from need and hunger.

scholarly journals Ilyushin Il-2 in Archival and Architectural Manifestation of Historical Memory of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45

2021 ◽  
pp. 1245-1256
Author(s):  
Anna V. Andreeva ◽  
◽  
Ludmila M. Artamonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
A Site

The article examines and compares archival documents from the Russian State Archive in Samara (RGA v g. Samara) and Monument to the Ilyushin Il-2 as components of the “site of commemoration,” which has become a part of historical and cultural code of the city. The example of perception of this national and local symbol of the war reveals features of and prospects for constructing historical memory; detailed written evidences, vivid visual images, large-scale architectural and urban planning solutions are used. The theoretical basis for the research is Maurice Halbwachs’ concept of “historical memory” and Pierre Nora’s “lieux de m?moire.” Russian and foreign scientists are developing these concepts within the frameworks of interdisciplinary “memory studies.” The important role in these studies belongs to historians. Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45 became a backbone idea for our country. It gives meaning to the historical process in the 20th century, manifesting in numerous and various empirical data, events, and artifacts. The Ilyushin Il-2 became a significant “site of memory” in Samara for two reasons. Firstly, many documents on its creation are stored in the Russian State Archive in Samara and are available to researchers and constantly exhibited (on-line as well as real). Secondly, the Ilyushin Il-2 visually symbolizes Samara’s contribution to the Great Victory, as the aircraft, manufactured and restored here, became a center of the composition of the monument to military and labour glory of the citizens in the days of the Great Patriotic War. This monument was opened in 1973. Its last reconstruction was carried out in 2015–17 in order to preserve this unique historical relic. The aircraft-monument and written evidence on the history of its creation, destinies of inventors, production organizers, engineers, workers are situated not far from one other. The Constructor Ilyushin Square and the Memory Square, where the monument and the archive building stand, are connected by Moscow Avenue. It is not just a transport artery, but a pivot of historical memory uniting its documentary, material, and artistic incarnations into general cultural space, in which the Il-2 plays its important role as a "site of memory."

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE AS «BIG BROTHER» IN THE NATIONAL POLICY OF I.V. STALIN IN THE BSSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR AND DURING THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
А.А. Федотов ◽  
Владимир Владимирович Терентьев
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Big Brother ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
Short Time

На основе материалов Государственного архива Российской Федерации и Российского государственного архива социально-политической истории показывается, что концепция русского народа как «старшего брата» имела исключительно большое значение для Советской Беларуси как в годы Великой Отечественной войны, так и в ходе послевоенного восстановления республики. Показываются конкретные меры, предпринимавшиеся Совнаркомом СССР по возрождению освобождённых от нацистской оккупации областей БССР. Автор показывает, как осуществлялась помощь в возрождении республики «снизу» - по инициативе рабочих коллективов городов РСФСР и других союзных республик. Ощущение братского единства, государства как семьи советских народов позволило не только одержать победу над нацизмом, но и в короткие сроки произвести восстановление разрушенных войной народного хозяйства и социальной сферы, благодаря сплочению людей для решения общегосударственных задач. The article, based on the materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, shows that the concept of the Russian people as an «older brother» was extremely important for Soviet Belarus both during the Great Patriotic War and during the post-war reconstruction of the republic. The article shows the specific measures taken by the Soviet People's Commissar of the USSR to revive the regions of the BSSR liberated from the Nazi occupation. It also shows the assistance provided in the revival of the republic «from below» - at the initiative of the working collectives of the cities of Russia and other union republics. The sense of fraternal unity, of the state as a family of the Soviet peoples, made it possible not only to defeat Nazism, but also to restore the national economy and social sphere destroyed by the war in a short time, thanks to the unity of people to solve national problems.

scholarly journals FOOD CONTRIBUTION OF THE ALTAI KRAI TO THE GREAT VICTORY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVE OF ECONOMICS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
S.A. Zhevalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Great Victory ◽  
Collective Farms

The purpose of the article is to study the procurement of agro-industrial complex of Altai Krai during the Great Patriotic War. To achieve the goal of the study, it is necessary to consider the following questions: first, to identify the amount of grain supplied by the collective farms and state farms of Altai Krai; second, to determine how many field products were handed over by the region to the USSR; third, to find out the supply of the livestock agro-industrial sector of Altai Krai. As a result of the study, the total number of agricultural products of the region delivered to the state during the war was calculated.

Historian of the Russian State Library. In Memory of L.M. Koval (1933—2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Margarita Y. Dvorkina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Library History ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
October 17 ◽  
State Library ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article is devoted to the memory of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Koval (October 17, 1933 – February 15, 2020), historian, Head of the History sector of the Russian State Library (RSL) and the Museum of Library history. The author presents brief biographical information about L.M. Koval, the author of more than 350 scientific and popular scientific works in Russian and in 9 foreign languages. She published 29 books in Publishing houses “Nauka”, “Kniga”, “Letniy Sad”, ”Pashkov Dom”, most of the works are dedicated to the Library. Special place in the work of L.M. Koval is given to the Great Patriotic War theme. The article considers the works devoted to the activities of Library staff during the War period. L.M. Koval paid much attention to the study of activities of the Library’s Directors. She prepared books and articles about the Directors of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and Library from the end of the 19th century and almost to the end of the 20th century: N.V. Isakov, D.S. Levshin, V.A. Dashkov, M.A. Venevitinov, I.V. Tsvetaev, V.D. Golitsyn, A.K. Vinogradov, V.I. Nevsky, N.M. Sikorsky. The author notes contribution of L.M. Koval to the study of the Library’s history. Specialists in the history of librarianship widely use bibliography of L.M. Koval in their research. The list of sources contains the main works of L.M. Koval, and the Appendix includes reviews of publications by L.M. Koval and the works about her.

"MOTHER, SHOWING NO SPECIAL AFFECTION FOR YOU, WRITES TO YOU VERY FRIENDLY". COUNT V.A. MUSIN-PUSHKIN'S PRE-WEDDING LETTERS TO HIS BRIDE

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Kim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Power Hierarchy

The article presents two letters from V.A. Musin-Pushkin which he wrote to his bride shortly before the wedding in 1828 (the letters are kept in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts). The text of the letters reflects the context of the time and everyday life, the system of views and the peculiarities of the worldview of a young aristocrat, the specific features of intra-family interaction in the field of feelings, marriage, human relations which inevitably turn out to be associated with the concepts of the family honor, family duty, the need to preserve the status of a noble family. The author traces how the power hierarchy is manifested at the level of relations within a close circle of relatives, as well as how traditional patterns are combined with new elements. Vladimir Alekseevich Musin-Pushkin, the youngest son of the archaeographer Count A.I. Musin-Pushkin, was arrested in connection with the case of the Decembrists, transferred from the Guards to the army and exiled to serve in Finland, where he met his future wife, Emilia Karlovna Shernval von Wallen. The article provides details of the family life of this married couple, as well as private facts from the biography of some other members of the Musin-Pushkin family.

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