scholarly journals A Corrupção como um fato social durkheimiano

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e00954
Author(s):  
Vinícius Batista Gonçalves ◽  
Daniela Meirelles Andrade ◽  
Daiane Ferreira Arantes Beraldo
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Consciousness

A Teoria do Fato Social desenvolvida pelo sociólogo francês Émile Durkheim apresenta regras para observação e estudo dos fenômenos sociais externos, coercitiveis e gerais, tendo como cenário a sociedade detentora de uma consciência própria (realidade sui generis), independente da consciência individual. Diante da relevância dos estudos de Durkheim, buscou-se realizar uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva para sistematizar a Teoria do Fato Social, por meio de conceitos, métodos e aplicações encontrados nas obras do próprio autor, com o objetivo de criar um modelo teórico-analítico baseado em Durkheim para analisar a corrupção nos tempos atuais. Nesse sentido, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica tendo como objeto de busca as obras do autor, bem como artigos nacionais e internacionais relacionados à teoria do fato social. A importância do presente estudo reside na possibilidade de compreender os estudos de Durkheim, possibilitando sistematizar uma perspectiva teórica para aplicação em futuros estudos sobre análise de fatos sociais ligados a administração pública como a corrupção. Conclui-se que a corrupção é um fato social inerente ao estado de anomia da sociedade. Propõe-se como futuros estudos a aplicação do modelo teórico de corrupção elaborado a partir da perspectiva durkheimiana.  Palavras-chaves: Anomia. Corrupção. Émile Durkheim. Fato social. Funcionalismo.   Corruption as a durkheimian social fact: proposition of a theoretical model Abstract The Theory of Social Fact developed by the French sociologist Émile Durkheim presents rules for the observation and study of external, coercible and general social phenomena based on a society that has its own consciousness (sui generis reality), independent of individual consciousness. Given the relevance of Durkheim's studies, a descriptive nature research was sought to systematize the Social Fact Theory, through concepts, methods and applications found in the author's own works, with the aim of creating an analytical theoretical model based in Durkheim to analyze corruption in modern times. In this sense, a bibliographical research was carried out with the author's works as a search object, as well as national and international articles related to the Theory of Social Fact. The importance of this study lies in the possibility of understanding Durkheim's studies, enabling the systematization of a theoretical perspective for application in future studies on the analysis of social facts linked to public administration such as corruption. It is concluded that corruption is a social fact inherent to the state of anomie of society. It is proposed as future studies the application of the theoretical model of corruption elaborated from the Durkheimian perspective. Keywords: Anomia. Corruption. Emile Durkheim. Social Fact. Functionalism.

Emile Durkheim

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. F. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Religious Experience ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social

Emile Durkheim founded his sociology enterprise on the equation that in order to understand social phenomena, the social must be explained in terms of the social. This becomes practically explicit in his study of suicide, where the tendency to suicide among particular groups is “explained” by other social facts, by reference to those who are unmarried, widowed, of a particular religious persuasion, and so on. The discomfiture in according a significant place to psychology within sociology is derived from Durkheim's acclaimed standpoint of being first and foremost a Cartesian. Durkheim held that all knowledge of experience is mentally mediated and is derived through the notion of representation. Peppered throughout much of Durkheim's study of religion are the terms “force” and “power.” This article examines the area of religion where, in Durkheim's thought, references to the emotional are assuredly to be found. It also discusses his views on delirium, religious experience, and effervescence.

scholarly journals Pesquisa psicanalítica de fenômenos sociais na universidade: potencialidade política na subversão dos discursos

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Omar David Moreno Cárdenas ◽  
Andréa Máris Campos Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Lacanian Psychoanalysis ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

Resumo: Este artigo explora consequências epistemológicas e políticas de se realizar pesquisa de fenômenos sociais com um olhar psicanalítico dentro da universidade, tanto para a psicanálise, o campo social e a própria universidade. No início estabelecemos a relação entre ciência e psicanálise, o que nos permite refletir sobre a participação da psicanálise na universidade e as tensões clássicas desse intercambio. Em seguida, apresentamos o impasse de se pesquisar fenômenos sociais com a psicanálise face à indissociabilidade de teoria, método e clínica. Nossa chave de leitura é a teoria dos discursos da psicanálise lacaniana, indicando o potencial político dessa modalidade de pesquisa ao causar subversões nas formas de poder e dominação discursiva na universidade, nas instituições de psicanálise e no campo social.Palavras-chave: Fenômenos sociais; Pesquisa psicanalítica; Teoria dos discursos; Psicanálise; Subversão. Psychoanalytic research on social phenomena in university: political potentiality within subversion of discoursesAbstract: This paper explores the epistemological and political consequences of conducting research on social phenomena from a psychoanalytic perspective within the university, for the psychoanalysis, the social field and the university. In the beginning, we established the relationship between science and psychoanalysis, which allows us to reflect on the psychoanalysis participation in the university and the classic tensions of this exchange. Next, we present the impasse of researching social phenomena from the psychoanalysis taking in account the indissociability between theory, method and clinic. Our theoretical perspective is the discourses theory of Lacanian psychoanalysis, indicating the political potential of this research modality by causing subversions in the forms of power and discursive domination in the university, in the institutions of psychoanalysis and in the social field.Keywords: Social phenomena; Psychoanalytical research; Discourses theory; Psychoanalysis; Subversion. 

Durkheim, Émile (1858–1917)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Orru
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Émile Durkheim is generally recognized to be one of the founders of sociology as a distinct scientific discipline. Trained as a philosopher, Durkheim identified the central theme of sociology as the emergence and persistence of morality and social solidarity (along with their pathologies) in modern and traditional human societies. His distinctive approach to sociology was to adopt the positivistic method in identifying and explaining social facts – the facts of the moral life. Sociology was to be, in Durkheim’s own words, a science of ethics. Durkheim’s sociology combined a positivistic methodology of research with an idealistic theory of social solidarity. On the one hand, Durkheim forcefully claimed that the empirical observation and analysis of regularities in the social world must be the starting point of the sociological enterprise; on the other hand, he was equally emphatic in claiming that sociological investigation must deal with the ultimate ends of human action – the moral values and goals that guide human conduct and create the essential conditions for social solidarity. Accordingly, in his scholarly writings on the division of labour, on suicide, on education, and on religion, Durkheim sought to identify through empirical evidence the major sources of social solidarity and of the social pathologies that undermine it.

Events as Templates of Possibility: An Analytic Typology of Political Facts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Berezin
Keyword(s):  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Thick Description ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Axis

This article extends the concept of events to bring cultural analysis to bear on political explanation and privileges “thick description” and narrative as methodological tools. Drawing on the views of Emile Durkheim, it argues that events constitute “social facts”—phenomena with sufficient identity and coherence that the social collectivity recognizes them as discrete and important. The article first considers the tension between the political and the cultural using a metaphor from sports and biology that unites agency and nature. It then discusses the intersection of events and experience as an analytic category that incorporates the “counterfactual” turn in historical analysis by drawing on William Sewell’s sociological theory of events. It also argues for the existence of “political facts” and concludes by proposing an analytic typology of political facts based on the classification of events along a temporal or spatial axis.

The Social Construction of Social Facts

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Townsley
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Introductory Sociology ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social

This article describes an exercise that explores how race categories and classifications are socially constructed scientifically. In an introductory sociology setting, students compare their perceptions of the size of minority populations with counts from the U.S. Census. In a series of debriefing sessions, students analyze both their perceptions and Census counts as social constructions of the moral phenomena we call race. In the process, students are introduced to Census data and the Census web site as well as to historical and theoretical literature on the social construction of race. Students are then asked to reflect critically about the scientific practices in which race is constructed as a social fact, and in particular, to consider their own roles in these practices as users and subjects of race categories. The larger goal is to help students to develop a critical sociological imagination that productively engages the analysis of race in contemporary society.

scholarly journals PLACING ACCOUNTING AMONG SCIENCES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Deju ◽  
Petrică Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Times

Framing accounting as a science has been carried out in close connection with the development of knowledge in this field and with the meaning given to this concept of “science”. Recognizing accounting as scientific field by specialists is due to the fact that it features a combination of accounting theory and methods for the development and application of these theories. Accounting is a scientific discipline in the social sciences because: it is a creation of the human being in response to practical needs; it reflects phenomena, activities and social facts; it addresses various groups of users (managers, bankers, shareholders, employees, tax bodies, etc.) which are an integral part of society; it offers information necessary to decision-making, most of the times with impact on the behaviour of individuals; it is influenced by the economic, social, legal and political environment, that is by social phenomena.

scholarly journals Una Antropología de la Gratuidad: prácticas caritativas y políticas de asistencia social en la Argentina

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Social Assistance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Agents ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
La Caridad ◽  
Charity Organization

El presente articulo analiza las prácticas de caridad que desarrollan un conjunto de agentes sociales definidos como “voluntarias de Caritas” y analiza la asistencia social del estado, que se materializa en programas de “ayuda social” que ejecutan esas voluntarias, en una parroquia católica de una ciudad media de la Argentina. A diferencia de lo que proponen los enfoques estatalistas sobre el fenómeno de asistencia social, aquí propongo que la caridad y la asistencia social son hechos estructuralmente asociados y que se han desarrollado como los polos opuestos alrededor del fenómeno de la circulación gratuita de objetos. A través de la descripción etnográfica de la vida cotidiana de la organización caritativa por excelencia de la Argentina, Caritas, la de sus agentes, las voluntarias, y de los programas sociales que allí se desarrollan, pretendo mostrar, desde el punto de vista de las voluntarias, la conflictividad cultural que provocan los fenómenos ligados a la gratuidad, lo cual demanda una antropología especialmente referida a estos fenomenos. An Anthropology of Gratuitousness: charity practices and social assistance policies in Argentine Abstract This papers analyzes charity practices developed by a group of social agents that define themselves as “Charity volunteers” as well as social assistance practices of the state, that materialize themselves in programs of “social help” lead by these volunteers in a Catholic parish of a medium city in Argentine. In contrast with “state oriented” (“estatalistas”) approaches on the problem of social assistance, it is proposed here that charity and social assistance are structurally related facts and that they have developed themselves as opposite poles in relation to the phenomenon of free flow of things. In other words, charity and social assistance shape one type of social fact that rely on the principle that labels specific objects as free and as a consequence request an attitude towards them: the elimination of individual interest. The ambiguities of meaning attached to the phenomena framed within the logic of the gratuitousness often become “misunderstandings” and “double truths”, which suppose permanent conflicts attached to charity and social assistance. Through ethnographic description of everyday routine of the mayor charity organization of Argentine, Caritas, of their agents, volunteers, and of the social programs it develops, I aim to show, from the point of view of the volunteers, the cultural conflicts that spur from phenomena attached to gratuitousness, which demand an anthropology that specifically refers to these social facts.

In Defense of Collective Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Callegaro
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Representations

Within the repertoire of concepts that Emile Durkheim has forged to introduce sociology, none has attracted as much criticism or provoked more controversy as “collective consciousness”. This key concept has been accused of being at the same time absurd, inadequate, and dangerous. Having clarified to what extent the issue at stake concerns the social philosophy underlying sociology, the article reconstructs Durkheim’s perspective, in order to assess his central thesis: that there is no collective or social life without a collective or social consciousness. First, it clarifies the meaning of the “collective”, by analyzing the criteria of “constraint”: it thus brings out Durkheim’s reference to those obligations that give access to an irreducible collective being. Second, it elucidates the nature of “collective representations”, by examining Durkheim’s criticism of “consciousness”: it thus explains how the “representations” making up the collective are embedded into the dispositional “unconscious” of acting subjects. Finally, it analyzes the nature of “reflexive consciousness”, by reference to those practical situations that trigger a dynamic process allowing the members of a group to make collective representations explicit. The paper concludes by reassessing Durkheim’s argument: the concept of collective consciousness has a definite sociological meaning insofar as it allows us to grasp those crucial effervescent social phenomena that produce a conscious collective being, made of subjects able to say “we” in knowledge of the cause.

Desacralization of Marriage in the Islamic Community of Javanese Farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Sardjuningsih Sardjuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Social Process ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

<p><strong><em>Field research with a phenomenological approach, in the District of Kabuh-Jombang. The barren rural socio-geographical setting makes tradition basics a reference and measure of norms of action. The uniqueness of this study with previous research is the process of reducing the sacredness of marriage by placing the status of Widower or Widow better than the status of an old spinster or old age. Research with a Phenomenological approach with Robert Merton's Structural-Functional analysis knife rests on deep interview techniques of 20 informants consisting of couples who experience young and divorced couples, families, and community leaders. produce conclusions that the tradition of underage marriage is a social fact, a habit that still continues to this day, constructed with noble and sacred meaning. In the social process the Nobleness of meaning is not supported by other social facts, that being a widower or widow is better than being an old woman or old woman. This puts divorce better than maintaining marriage. This pragmatic outlook is contrary to the ideal ideals of a sacred marriage. The result of a complex divorce is a negative new social fact that is neglecting the rights of children to be paid by their parents. This negative social fact is due to the dysfunctional social control and social structure of the process of adaptation to change.</em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Memahami Keputusan Meninggalkan Zona Nyaman Karyawan “X” BUMN

MANAJERIAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Mirza Dwinanda Ilmawan ◽  
Feisal Ala'i
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Comfort Zone ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Receive

Background – Leadership and organizational culture is one of the keys for someone deciding to leave or maintain their work comfort zone. BUMN companies are taken in this case because of the social fact that these companies are able to provide adequate compensation and even tend to be abundant. However, whether these social facts are in line with the facts in the field will be the focus of this study to reveal these things that are juxtaposed with organizational culture and leadership in it. Purpose – This study aims to obtain an empirical picture in the field in order to find the justification for someone leaving the comfort zone of BUMN. Design / Methodology / Approach – This research uses explanatory principles by digging up information related to the decision to leave the comfort zone of BUMN, an interesting phenomenon in which BUMN employees are known to receive better compensation than other companies and have secured prestigious positions in the company but choose to leave. The selected subjects are BUMN executive employees who choose to leave their positions before entering retirement. Result and Discussion – The results of this study reveal an interesting fact where respect for company executives is a very important thing that must be given by the CEO/ President Director and if there is any neglect of this, the risk faced is the loss of potential employees. Other findings may be that further study is the best option to reduce work stress. Conclusion – Organizational culture factors that are too dynamic have a positive influence on leaving the comfort zone of work. Researh Limitations – This study uses a limited subject, therefore the picture described follows the limitations of the number of subjects taken.

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