REGIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT MATRICES AND AN APPLICATION TO ANALYZE A MANUFACTURING EXPORT SHOCK IN MEXICO

Based on the national Input-Output Matrix (IOM) 2012 calculated by INEGI, we estimate with the Flegg approach four regional Input-Output Matrices (RIOMs) using Banco de México’s regionalization (Northern, North-Central, Central and Southern). These RIOMs are employed to evaluate the impact on regional gross output, value added and employment from a 10,000 million dollar shock on Mexican manufacturing exports. The results show that the effects on the absolute values of gross output, value added and employment in the North are clearly larger than those estimated for the other regions. Another finding is that the total effects of the regional shocks tend to concentrate in the manufacturing sector, with the highest concentration observed in the North, and the lowest in the South. It is also shown that the North is, by far, the region experiencing the greatest change in its value added relative to GDP, followed by the North Central, the Central and the South. The results suggest a strong linkage between the manufacturing sector and tertiary activities, particularly commerce and services in the central regions, as well as between manufacturing and oil and gas extraction in the South.

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Nigeria's multidimensional poverty analysis: A subgroup and dimensional breakdown

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.11.2.0383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 219-226

Author(s):

Emeka Eze ◽

Justin C. Alugbuo

Keyword(s):

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

The South ◽

North Central ◽

North West ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Central Regions

This study is an attempt to analyze the nature of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria in the light of recent data. The study used data from the Nigerian standard of living and measurement survey (LSMS) 2018/2019 to estimate the overall MPI for Nigeria, which included six indices of deprivation from four dimensions: consumption, education, energy, and housing. The study also performed a decomposition of multidimensional poverty across Nigerian regions, as well as a dimensional breakdown of multidimensional poverty across Nigeria and across regions. According to the study, Nigeria's multidimensional poverty index is 0.34, with a headcount ratio of 0.64 when the deprivation cutoff is 1, implying that roughly 64 percent of Nigerians are poor in at least one of the four areas studied. The North West, North East, and North Central regions, on the other hand, account for the majority of Nigeria's multidimensional poverty, accounting for more than 70% of the country's total multidimensional poverty. The South West has the lowest poverty rate, followed by the South South and the South East. Deprivations in Education, Energy, Consumption, and Housing, according to the report, are the most significant contributors to MPI. The study recommends that policies aimed at reducing poverty must take into account the distribution of multidimensional poverty in Nigeria so as to be able to get to the targeted audience. Secondly, there is a need to improve investment in Education and Energy so as to reduce overall multidimensional poverty in Nigeria.

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Nachhaltigkeit im Wald – vor und hinter der Welle der Globalisierung | Sustainable Forest Management – In Front and Behind the Wave of Globalization

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2000.0502 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 151 (12) ◽

pp. 502-507

Author(s):

Christian Küchli

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Cultural Landscape ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Essential Element ◽

Specific Situation ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Time Space ◽

Starting Point ◽

The Impact

Are there any common patterns in the transition processes from traditional and more or less sustainable forest management to exploitative use, which can regularly be observed both in central Europe and in the countries of the South (e.g. India or Indonesia)? Attempts were made with a time-space-model to typify those force fields, in which traditional sustainable forest management is undermined and is then transformed into a modern type of sustainable forest management. Although it is unlikely that the history of the North will become the future of the South, the glimpse into the northern past offers a useful starting point for the understanding of the current situation in the South, which in turn could stimulate the debate on development. For instance, the patterns which stand behind the conflicts on forest use in the Himalayas are very similar to the conflicts in the Alps. In the same way, the impact of socio-economic changes on the environment – key word ‹globalisation› – is often much the same. To recognize comparable patterns can be very valuable because it can act as a stimulant for the search of political, legal and technical solutions adapted to a specific situation. For the global community the realization of the way political-economic alliances work at the head of the ‹globalisationwave›can only signify to carry on trying to find a common language and understanding at the negotiation tables. On the lee side of the destructive breaker it is necessary to conserve and care for what survived. As it was the case in Switzerland these forest islands could once become the germination points for the genesis of a cultural landscape, where close-to-nature managed forests will constitute an essential element.

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Assessing the Sensitivity of Main Crop Yields to Climate Change Impacts in China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 172

Author(s):

Yuan Xu ◽

Jieming Chou ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Mingyang Sun ◽

Weixing Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Food Production ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Data ◽

The South ◽

The North ◽

Output Elasticity ◽

The Impact

Quantitatively assessing the spatial divergence of the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change is of great significance for reducing the climate change risk to food production. We use socio-economic and climatic data from 1981 to 2015 to examine how climate variability led to variation in yield, as simulated by an economy–climate model (C-D-C). The sensitivity of crop yield to the impact of climate change refers to the change in yield caused by changing climatic factors under the condition of constant non-climatic factors. An ‘output elasticity of comprehensive climate factor (CCF)’ approach determines the sensitivity, using the yields per hectare for grain, rice, wheat and maize in China’s main grain-producing areas as a case study. The results show that the CCF has a negative trend at a rate of −0.84/(10a) in the North region, while a positive trend of 0.79/(10a) is observed for the South region. Climate change promotes the ensemble increase in yields, and the contribution of agricultural labor force and total mechanical power to yields are greater, indicating that the yield in major grain-producing areas mainly depends on labor resources and the level of mechanization. However, the sensitivities to climate change of different crop yields to climate change present obvious regional differences: the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for maize in the North region was stronger than that in the South region. Therefore, the increase in the yield per hectare for maize in the North region due to the positive impacts of climate change was greater than that in the South region. In contrast, the sensitivity to climate change of the yield per hectare for rice in the South region was stronger than that in the North region. Furthermore, the sensitivity to climate change of maize per hectare yield was stronger than that of rice and wheat in the North region, and that of rice was the highest of the three crop yields in the South region. Finally, the economy–climate sensitivity zones of different crops were determined by the output elasticity of the CCF to help adapt to climate change and prevent food production risks.

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A tale of two parts of Switzerland: regional differences in the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11315-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michelle Seiler ◽

Georg Staubli ◽

Julia Hoeffe ◽

Gianluca Gualco ◽

Sergio Manzano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Online Survey ◽

Pediatric Emergency ◽

The South ◽

Public Health Agencies ◽

The North ◽

Regional Strategies ◽

Health Agencies ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background We aimed to document the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on regions within a European country. Methods Parents arriving at two pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in North of Switzerland and two in South of Switzerland completed an online survey during the first peak of the pandemic (April–June 2020). They were asked to rate their concern about their children or themselves having COVID-19. Results A total of 662 respondents completed the survey. Parents in the South were significantly more exposed to someone tested positive for COVID-19 than in the North (13.9 and 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.001). Parents in the South were much more concerned than in the North that they (mean 4.61 and 3.32, respectively; P < 0.001) or their child (mean 4.79 and 3.17, respectively; P < 0.001) had COVID-19. Parents reported their children wore facemasks significantly more often in the South than in the North (71.5 and 23.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant regional differences among families arriving at EDs in Switzerland. Public health agencies should consider regional strategies, rather than country-wide guidelines, in future pandemics and for vaccination against COVID-19 for children.

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Climatology and Trends of Climate Extremes of Temperature and Precipitation in Belo Monte Hydropower Plant – Eastern Amazon, Brazil

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9079 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wanderson Luiz-Silva ◽

Pedro Regoto ◽

Camila Ferreira de Vasconcellos ◽

Felipe Bevilaqua Foldes Guimarães ◽

Katia Cristina Garcia

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Extremes ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

The South ◽

North Central ◽

Adaptation Capacity ◽

The North ◽

South Central ◽

Daily Data ◽

Belo Monte

<p>This research aims to support studies related to the adaptation capacity of the Amazon region to climate change. The Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) is in the Xingu River basin, in eastern Amazonia. Deforestation coupled with changes in water bodies that occurred in the drainage area of Belo Monte HPP over the past few decades can significantly influence the hydroclimatic features and, consequently, ecosystems and energy generation in the region. In this context, we analyze the climatology and trends of climate extremes in this area. The climate information comes from daily data in grid points of 0.25&#176; x 0.25&#176; for the period 1980-2013, available in http://careyking.com/data-downloads/. A set of 17 climate extremes indices based on daily data of maximum temperature (TX), minimum temperature (TN), and precipitation (PRCP) was calculated through the RClimDex software, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). The Mann-Kendall and the Sen&#8217;s Curvature tests are used to assess the statistical significance and the magnitude of the trends, respectively. The drainage area of the Belo Monte HPP is dominated by two climatic types: an equatorial climate in the north-central portion of the basin, with high temperatures and little variation throughout the year (22&#176;C to 32&#176;C), in addition to more frequent precipitation; and a tropical climate in the south-central sector, which experiences slightly more pronounced temperature variations throughout the year (20&#176;C to 33&#176;C) and presents a more defined wet and dry periods. The south-central portion of the basin exhibits the highest temperature extremes, with the highest TX and the lowest TN of the year occurring in this area, both due to the predominant days of clear skies in the austral winter, as to the advance of intense masses of polar air at this period. The diurnal temperature range is lower in the north-central sector when compared to that in the south-central region since the first has greater cloud cover and a higher frequency of precipitation. The largest annual rainfall volumes are concentrated at the north and west sides (more than 1,800 mm) and the precipitation extremes are heterogeneous across the basin. The maximum number of consecutive dry days increases from the north (10 to 20 days) to the south (90 to 100 days). The annual frequency of warm days and nights is increasing significantly in a large part of the basin with a magnitude ranging predominantly from +7 to +19 days/decade. The annual rainfall shows a predominant elevation sign of up to +200 mm/decade only in the northern part of the basin, while the remainder shows a reduction of up to -100 mm/decade. The duration of drought periods increases in the south-central sector of the basin, reaching up to +13 days/decade in some areas. The results of this study will be used in the future as an important input, together with exposure, sensibility, and local adaptation capacity, to design adaptation strategies that are more consistent with local reality and to the needs of local communities.</p>

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Study of sand wave migration over five years as observed in two windfarm development areas, and the implications for building on moving substrates in the North Sea

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s1755691015000110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 241-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ken P. Games ◽

David I. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Sand Wave ◽

Sand Waves ◽

Migration Rates ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea ◽

Wave Migration ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACTSand waves are well known indicators of a mobile seabed. What do we expect of these features in terms of migration rates and seabed scour? We discuss these effects on seabed structures, both for the Oil and Gas and the Windfarm Industries, and consider how these impact on turbines and buried cables. Two case studies are presented. The first concerns a windfarm with a five-year gap between the planning survey and a subsequent cable route and environmental assessment survey. This revealed large-scale movements of sand waves, with the displacement of an isolated feature of 155 m in five years. Secondly, another windfarm development involved a re-survey, again over a five-year period, but after the turbines had been installed. This showed movements of sand waves of ∼50 m in five years. Observations of the scour effects on the turbines are discussed. Both sites revealed the presence of barchans. Whilst these have been extensively studied on land, there are few examples of how they behave in the marine environment. The two case studies presented show that mass transport is potentially much greater than expected and that this has implications for choosing turbine locations, the effect of scour, and the impact these sediment movements are likely to have on power cables.

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Assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources in the North-Central Montana Province, 2017

Fact Sheet ◽

10.3133/fs20173092 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher J. Schenk ◽

Tracey J. Mercier ◽

Michael E. Brownfield ◽

Marilyn E. Tennyson ◽

Cheryl A. Woodall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oil And Gas ◽

North Central ◽

The North ◽

Oil And Gas Resources ◽

Central Montana

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A Study of the Surface Air Temperature Variations in Nigeria

The Open Atmospheric Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874282301711010054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 54-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Najib Yusuf ◽

Daniel Okoh ◽

Ibrahim Musa ◽

Samson Adedoja ◽

Rabia Said

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Cloud Cover ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

The South ◽

Climate Type ◽

Temperature Variations ◽

North Central ◽

North East ◽

The North

Background: Simultaneous measurements of air temperature were carried out using automatic weather stations at 14 tropical locations in Nigeria. Diurnal variations were derived from the 5-minute update cycle initial data for the years ranging between 2007 and 2013. The temperature trends in Nigeria revealed a continuous variability that is seasonally dependent within any particular year considered. Method: The analysis was carried out using available data from the network and the results are presented with a focus to characterize the temperature variations at different locations in the country using the mean, maximum and minimum temperatures from the north which is arid in nature to the south, which is a tropical monsoon climate type and a coastal region. Result: In overall, temperature variations in Nigeria were observed to have higher values in the far north, attributed to the influence of Sahara Desert, which has less cloud cover and therefore is more transparent to solar irradiance and lowers values in the south, where there are more cloud cover and abundant vegetation. Conclusion: Measured maximum and minimum temperatures in Nigeria are respectively 43.1°C at Yola (north-east part of Nigeria) and 10.2°C for Jos (north-central part of Nigeria). The least temperature variations were recorded for stations in the southern part of the country, while the largest variations were recorded in the north-central region of the country.

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Managing a South African organisation within a dual manufacturing and services economy

Acta Commercii ◽

10.4102/ac.v8i1.83 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Weeks ◽

S. Benade

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Global Economy ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Management Approach ◽

The South ◽

Literature Study ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

Management Perspective ◽

The Impact ◽

Dualistic Economy

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of the South African dual manufacturing and services economy and the impact thereof on organisations from a management perspective. Problem investigated: Services account for over 65% of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP) and reflects an escalating trend. The manufacturing sector of the economy is just over 26% of GDP. This by implication implies that the South African economy is dualistic in nature. The economy functions as an integrated component of the global economy, one that is highly competitive and turbulent in nature. The traditional management approach tends to be one based on a mechanistic, analytical and deterministic manufacturing perspective that is no longer effective in dealing with the services economy. Methodology: A literature study is undertaken and a narrative enquiry conducted by means of discussions with 24 South African executives to determine the impact of the dual economy on South African organisations and the influence thereof from a management perspective. The approach adopted was intentionally analytical-descriptive in nature. The narrative enquiry constituted open ended but structured discussions with executives in order to learn from their personal experiences in managing an organisation in what is termed to be the dual South African services and manufacturing economy. Findings: An important conclusion drawn from the study is that traditional paradigms of management that evolved within a mechanistic manufacturing economy is no longer effective for dealing with the unpredictable and disruptive changes of a highly competitive global services economy. A complexity theory based management approach it would appear may be more relevant in dealing with the emergent realities associated with a turbulent services economy. Value of the research: Seen within the context of the changing nature of the global and South African economy, the insights gained from the study could assist executives and managers in exploring alternative paradigms of management that would be more appropriate for dealing with the paradoxical nature of a dualistic economy. Conclusion: Appropriate management paradigms differ in terms of contextual realities confronting managers, namely dealing with ordered and un-ordered contextual conditions. The Cynefin Framework (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003) serves as a means of sense making in finding the most appropriate management response for dealing with the contextual realities associated with a dualistic economy.

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