scholarly journals IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF OFFSHORE JACKET PLATFORM FOR DIFFERENT WAVE DIRECTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
MIRZA AAMIR BAIG ◽  
UMER MAQBOOL
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Point ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Dynamic Reaction ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Offshore Jacket Platform ◽  
Space Technique ◽  
Fixed Base ◽  
Set Up

Offshore jacket platforms are subjected to variety of forces during their life period. To resists all kinds of forces, the structural elements should be designed properly to have safety and economy. In order to fulfil this purpose, the structure should be analyzed with great care. As the improvement of oil and gas moves into more profound water, in any case, taller stages with longer periods are fabricated that react all the more powerfully to extraordinary waves. Expectation of the dynamic reaction of such structures in extraordinary ocean states is in this way an essential plan thought. Standard waves have all their vitality lumped at a couple of particular frequencies and can, in this manner, cause wrong powerful enhancements, particularly if these frequencies happen to be near the regular frequencies of the structure. In any case, waves in the ocean are exceptionally sporadic and can be best depicted as directional range, which indicates the appropriation of wave vitality as for recurrence and heading, and is most appropriate for the examination of structure in recurrence space technique. For this situation the nonlinear drag is linearized and utilized in the Morison's condition. This guess is proper for the littler, operational sort waves considered in weariness counts, in light of the fact that the powers because of these waves are overwhelmed by the direct idleness part. Various kinds of investigations related with the coat stage ought to be performed to figure the reaction of the structure and measurement the components of the structure. Here an endeavor has been made to complete various examinations to comprehend the dynamic conduct of coat stages subject to different stacking conditions in various ecological conditions. Coat set up investigation was performed, both static and dynamic hypothetically fixed base stage. With the ongoing imaginative thoughts of investigation utilizing programming, it is presently simpler for the seaward architects to do disentangled and sensible assessment of the static operational and extreme point of confinement state qualities of format or coat stages, which are exposed to different ecological conditions. The essential auxiliary parts of coat type seaward structures including topsides, coat, heaps and the encompassing soil are viewed as utilizing SACS programming various types of investigations identified with coat stage according to API code prerequisite.

Application of Wide-Band Ultrasound for the Detection of Angled Crack Features in Oil and Gas Pipelines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem Vos ◽  
Petter Norli ◽  
Emilie Vallee
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Offshore Pipelines ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Set Up

This paper describes a novel technique for the detection of cracks in pipelines. The proposed in-line inspection technique has the ability to detect crack features at random angles in the pipeline, such as axial, circumferential, and any angle in between. This ability is novel to the current ILI technology offering and will also add value by detecting cracks in deformed pipes (i.e. in dents), and cracks associated with the girth weld (mid weld cracks, rapid cooling cracks and cracks parallel to the weld). Furthermore, the technology is suitable for detection of cracks in spiral welded pipes, both parallel to the spiral weld as well as perpendicular to the weld. Integrity issues around most features described above are not addressed with ILI tools, often forcing operators to perform hydrostatic tests to ensure pipeline safety. The technology described here is based on the use of wideband ultrasound inline inspection tools that are already in operation. They are designed for the inspection of structures operating in challenging environments such as offshore pipelines. Adjustments to the front-end analog system and data collection from a grid of transducers allow the tools to detect cracks in any orientation in the line. Description of changes to the test set-up are presented as well as the theoretical background behind crack detection. Historical development of the technology will be presented, such as early laboratory testing and proof of concept. The proof of concept data will be compared to the theoretical predictions. A detailed set of results are presented. These are from tests that were performed on samples sourced from North America and Europe which contain SCC features. Results from ongoing testing will be presented, which involved large-scale testing on SCC features in gas-filled pipe spools.

Branding a Potential Energy Hub as National Interest in the Eastern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Vasileios Balafas ◽  
Efstathios T. Fakiolas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
International System ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Energy Hub ◽  
Regional Energy ◽  
Chess Game ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Energy Issues

As the global energy demand has been growing, the balance of the international system seems to shudder. Energy issues have become pivotal for national strategy. For example, Russia is challenging US primacy by using its energy resources, the US is trying to become an oil and gas net exporter, and China is striving to ensure influence in rich natural resources territories to secure energy supplies for its development. The authors argue that energy issues have set up a new chessboard of power on which countries improve their status, no matter whether they are energy importers or exporters. Such countries as Greece, Cyprus, Turkey, and Egypt are pursuing, without being major energy producers, to brand themselves as ideal regional “energy hubs” to serve national interest. Self-branding is not only a matter of declaration. It is primarily a matter of the energy major players recognizing this branding. It is this recognition that is the decisive moment that the countries concerned tip over the energy chess game by turning their aspirations into something more than an energy supply issue.

scholarly journals Fish densities associated with structural elements of oil and gas platforms in southern California

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L Meyer-Gutbrod ◽  
Li Kui ◽  
Mary M Nishimoto ◽  
Milton S Love ◽  
Donna M Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Young Of The Year

There are thousands of offshore oil and gas platforms worldwide that will eventually become obsolete, and one popular decommissioning alternative is the "rigs to reefs" conversion that designates all or a portion of the underwater infrastructure as an artificial reef, thereby reducing the burden of infrastructure removal. The unique architecture of each platform may influence the size and structure of the associated fish assemblage if different structural elements form distinct habitats for fishes. Using scuba survey data from 11 southern California platforms from 1995 to 2000, we examined fish assemblages associated with structural elements of the structure, including the major horizontal crossbeams outside of the jacket, vertical jacket legs, and horizontal crossbeams that span the jacket interior. Patterns of habitat association were examined among three depth zones: shallow (<16.8 m), midwater (16.8–26 m), and deep (>26 m); and between two life stages: young- of-the-year and non-young-of-the-year. Fish densities tended to be greatest along horizontal beams spanning the jacket interior, relative to either horizontal or vertical beams along the jacket exterior, indicating that the position of the habitat within the overall structure is an important characteristic affecting fish habitat use. Fish densities were also higher in transects centered directly over a vertical or horizontal beam relative to transects that did not contain a structural element. These results contribute to the understanding of fish habitat use on existing artificial reefs, and can inform platform decommissioning decisions as well as the design of new offshore structures intended to increase fish production.

Development of Risk-Based Inspection Methodology in River Crossings

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lopes de Paula ◽  
Markus Moratti ◽  
Eduardo Henrique da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Elivelton Pinheiro Scherrer
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Hydrological Hazards ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loads ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Survey Evaluation

The transportation system for hydrocarbons consists of an important and complex network of pipelines used by oil and gas logistics companies, designed to quickly and efficiently transport oil and gas from its origin, to areas of some demand along territory where operates. Currently Brazil has 15,000 km of transportation pipelines within about 7,500 km of right-of-way pipelines. Along its territorial extension it faces several influences along its route, being the main ones influenced by the external hazards from nature and by third party actions. TRANSPETRO has about 450 water crossings in cataloged water bodies currently. These crossings are currently characterized only according to their geometric characteristics, not considering several aspects inherent to them. The inspections at these crossings are laborious and have a high cost due to necessity of divers and bathymetry in some cases. To monitor the condition of all pipeline water crossings it is important to ensure the pipeline integrity. Depending on hydraulic phenomena, it is possible result in an exposure of the pipelines, free spans, changes in the original pipeline or excessive vibration. These changes can generate high mechanical stresses with both static and dynamic loads. The present study was characterized by the development of a methodology for assessing the susceptibility to the exposure of pipelines as a result of the hydrological hazards present at the crossings in which they are found. Moreover, this evaluation methodology offers a tool to define inspection extent and frequency, as well as the corresponding risk control actions. For this purpose, a pipeline management program has been set up, which consists in the definition of water crossings that constitute a potential hydrological hazard and where they can interact with the pipeline considering the probability of a specific hydrotechnical hazard leading the pipeline the exposure. As a result of this research it was defined a methodology to characterize pipeline crossing areas as well as field survey, evaluation of the susceptibility of pipeline exposure at crossings and the programming of control actions were defined according to the susceptibility found. Finally, the study has also presented a cost analysis of crossings inspections comparing the traditional method to the new premises adopted in this project.

A laboratory set up for the measurement of wellbore instability due to erosion of unconsolidated formations

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Ghazal Avijegon ◽  
Joel Sarout
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Annular Space ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Set Up

Borehole instability is a recurring issue encountered during drilling operations in the oil and gas, and mining industries. In exploration drilling using coiled tubing technology, boreholes are slim and the annular space is usually tight. Similar situations are also encountered around the drill-collar section in standard drilling where the annular space can be tight; therefore, the drilling fluid has a high flow velocity and a turbulent flow regime is dominant. The flow conditions are the governing conditions for borehole erosion, which can lead to borehole instability. Erosion of the borehole introduces more cuttings into the annulus space, which is detrimental to the efficiency of cuttings transport and brings contamination to samples being retrieved at the surface for geochemistry and mineral analyses. In this peer-reviewed paper a new laboratory set-up aimed at estimating borehole erosion in pre-drilled rock samples is reported. A flow loop unit is used, which allows the injection of high flow-rates of any type of fluid composed of chemical additives and simulated cuttings. Early results of an exploratory study are reported in terms of changes in the internal borehole diameter (ID) of the sample before and after the erosion experiment. These were recorded using X-ray CT scanning. This change in ID acts as a measure of the formation’s erodibility, from which shear stress is estimated.

Degradation Assessment of Reciprocating Seal Using Support Vector Regression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumitha Ramachandran ◽  
Jon Keegan ◽  
Zahed Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Friction Force ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Support Vector Regression Model ◽  
Failure Data ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Reciprocating seal located directly on the rod/piston of a reciprocating equipment is used for preventing leakage and reducing wear between two parts that are in relative motion. Degradation assessment of reciprocating seal is extremely important in the manufacturing industry to avoid fatal breakdown of reciprocating equipment and machines. In this paper, we have proposed a data-driven prognostics approach using friction force to predict the degradation of reciprocating seal using Support Vector Regression. Statistical time domain features are extracted from friction force signal to reduce the complexity of raw data. Principal Component Analysis is used to fuse the relevant features and remove the redundant features from the process. Based on the selected features, a Support Vector Regression model is then built and trained for the prediction of seal degradation. A Grid search method is used to tune the hyperparameters in the SVR model. Run-to-failure data collected from an experimental test set-up is used to validate the proposed methodology. The study findings indicate that a small set of relevant features which can represent the pattern related to degradation is sufficient to have a high prediction accuracy. The seal tested for this study comes from oil and gas industry, but the proposed method can be implemented in any industry with reciprocating equipment and machines.

The challenge of building effective hybrid organizations in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. de Britto Pires ◽  
F. Lima Cruz Teixeira ◽  
H.N. Hastenreiter Filho ◽  
S.R. Góes Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Collaborative Activities ◽  
Design Customization ◽  
Market Relations

Since 1996, Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. – Petrobras, the biggest oil company in Latin America, has been supporting a programme for the design, customization, and implementation of tri-lateral collaborative arrangements called the Centres and Networks of Excellence (CNE) Programme, in areas which are critical to the company's competitiveness. This programme is aligned with the Open Innovation proposal, as it is designed to intensify the inflows and outflows of information and technology, from internal and external sources, in the RD&I activities of the participating organizations. This article presents qualitative research based on the case study of the Centre of Excellence (CE) in Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC), a hybrid organization which brings together oil companies, EPC companies, universities and technical schools, government entities, professional associations and industry bodies, in an effort to make the Brazilian EPC sector related to the oil and gas industry sustainable and competitive worldwide. The principal objective was to investigate the governance elements and managerial mechanisms that support or hinder collaboration among the parties. The work included the identification of collaborative activities within the organization and aspects of trust. Qualitative data was collected by means of in-depth interviews with staff and executive members of the CE-EPC. The case study highlighted the potential of the method to help set up hybrid collaborative initiatives among parties from different institutional spheres. However, the research identified some barriers to the full accomplishment of CNE. A weak culture of collaboration was the greatest difficulty found in the CE-EPC case. The lack of positive previous cooperation experiences together with a lifelong practice of market relations make it hard to get members to focus attention on a new work logic. Yet, despite the high asymmetry among members and the weak network culture, the results indicate that the CE-EPC has accomplished significant positive results in twenty months of operation and that its internal environment is supportive and favours the improvement and consolidation of the organization.

FPSO and TLWP Interacting at a Reduced Distance for Dry Tree Completion System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgard B. Malta ◽  
Fabiano P. Rampazzo ◽  
Roberto E. Cruz ◽  
Allan C. de Oliveira ◽  
Kazuo Nishimoto
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mooring Line ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Floating System ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Storage

Nowadays, an offshore industry challenge is developing a floating system with production, storage and offloading capabilities together with a dry tree system reducing costs and maintenance. A solution could be two offshore units working at the same area. The system consists of a unit with dry completion, like a well head platform with drilling and workover facilities, and other capable to produce the oil and gas, and storage them. A better option is to have both units coupled making them work as one. By doing this, it could be reduced the radius of the mooring line footprint and the risk of clashing between the lines and shuttle tankers. The dimensions of the unit with the dry tree could be decreased because some facilities could be allocated at the large unit with storage capacity. The main goal of this paper is show the viability of this innovative system composed by two offshore units. A Tension Leg Wellhead Platform (TLWP) and a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) coupled by synthetic ropes and non-symmetrical mooring system. Some comparisons were done between the numerical results from Numerical Offshore Tank (TPN) and physical tests carried out in NMRI (National Maritime Research Institute - JAPAN). The model scale of 1:100 and the numerical model was set up with similar main properties and equivalent lines stiffness. The models were exposed to extreme wave conditions for some incidences. Besides that, regular wave and current analyses were generated as well.

Development of Test Stand for Measuring Aerodynamic, Erosion, and Rotordynamic Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor Under Wet Gas Conditions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bertoneri ◽  
Melissa Wilcox ◽  
Lorenzo Toni ◽  
Griffin Beck
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Test Stand ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Liquid Load ◽  
Test Loop ◽  
Gas Environment ◽  
Set Up

As the oil and gas industry addresses technology challenges for accessing gas reserves and enhancing the production of existing installations, wet gas compression becomes an important technology focus. When liquid is introduced into a compressor flow stream, the performance of the compressor is significantly influenced. Therefore, a concentrated effort is required to develop the tools to adequately predict the performance of the compressor when subjected to wet gas conditions. A series of tests were performed on a single stage compressor in a wet gas environment in order to provide empirical data for understanding how to predict wet gas performance. The compressor underwent aerodynamic, erosion, and rotordynamic performance testing. The tests were completed with a mixture of air and water at suction pressures of 10, 15, and 18.5 bar. The compressor was subjected to a multiphase flow with liquid volume fractions ranging from 0 to 3% (corresponding to a mass fraction of 73%) at three Mach numbers. Transient tests with liquid load variation were also done. This paper describes the test stand that was developed and operated for testing of the compressor in a wet gas environment. This includes a review of the overall test set-up, description of key test components and of the instrumentation installed on the compressor and the test loop. An overview of main test results is eventually shown.

To Gain the Burning Efficiency by Improving the Mixing Condition of Oil and Gas

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 861-864
Author(s):  
Yen Kuei Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Mixing Condition ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Set Up

In this research, the burner used in current industry is modified to improve the state of mixture for air and oil, so that the burning efficiency could be promoted to save fuel as well as reduce emissions of waste gas and waste heat. The way of operating this modified burner was same as the traditional one by inducing the air and oil with high pressure to the furnace, then mixing and burning the compound inside the chamber. Moreover, the construction of this modified burner was a bit different with an extra device call spoiler, which will be fixed in front end of the nozzle to create a turbulent flow for better mixing of inlet air and oil, so as to increase the burning efficiency. As the cone shape spoiler is set up onto the burner, it will seperate the inlet oil and gas inside and outside the cone , when the oil is injected from the nozzle with a high speed flow, the air inside the cone will be brought out and form a low pressure zone, in this time, if some tiny holes are punched on the wall of the cone, the inlet air outside the cone will leak inside and create a turbulent flow, which can improve the mixing condition of oil and gas and gain burning efficiency. As with the standard burner used in industrial furnaces for testing, comparing the average fuel consumption for unit hour and contrast the emissions of burner with and without installing spoiler, one can find that, the energy saving can effectively reach to 15%，while the emissions of NOxand SOxwere at the utmost reduced by 13% and 9%, respectively. The measured data of CO, CO2and waste heat expelling to environment were keeping the same, but actually they were low down when considering the total volume of inlet air diminished by 10%. The above results show that, with the spoiler attached, the burning system will have obvious benefit for energy saving and emissions reducing, and that really fit the goal of nowadays’ situation to live without energy deficit and environment impact.

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