Perhitungan Reduksi Emisi Gas Buang  Melalui Penentuan Rute Distribusi Beras di Kota Bandung

ABSTRACT Total transport energy use and carbon emissions in 2030 are estimated to be about 80% higher than at present. West Java's transportation sector emissions are projected to occupy the third position in the third-largest contributor to GRK emissions, amounting to 21.9 million tons of CO2. The West Java Provincial Government aims to reduce 3.18 million tons of CO2 eq for the energy sector and 1.1 million tons of CO2 eq for the transportation sector. Of course, this is a challenge for the government because the volume of truck logistic systems continues to increase, especially in Bandung. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of truck exhaust emissions produced and to know what strategies should be taken to reduce exhaust emissions based on the selection of distribution routes for rice distribution in Bandung City. This study uses an ILP model with a Matlab solver that compares the total mileage, the number of vehicles, and total transportation costs in two distribution systems, namely direct delivery and shared delivery. In this study, the scenario of the transport capacity was changed according to the use of the truck type fuso tub, changing the type of truck that has a larger capacity, and calculating the value of exhaust emissions for trucks in both new scenarios and two distribution systems. The results showed, to reduce exhaust emissions by adjusting the number of vehicles and the minimum total mileage through increased transport capacity and sharing delivery systems, this strategy can reduce exhaust emissions by 21.92% for each composition. Keywords: transportation, rice distribution, sharing delivery, emission reduction, exhaust emission ABSTRAK Total penggunaan energi transportasi dan emisi karbon pada tahun 2030 diperkirakan menjadi sekitar 80% lebih tinggi daripada kondisi saat ini. Pada emisi sektor transportasi Jawa Barat diproyeksikan pada tahun 2020 menempati posisi ketiga terbesar penyumbang emisi GRK sebesar 21,9 juta ton CO2. Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Barat memiliki target menurunkan 3,18 juta ton CO2-eq untuk sektor energi dan 1,1 juta ton CO2-eq untuk sektor transportasi. Tentu hal ini menjadi tantangan pemerintah karena faktanya pada sistem logistik volume kendaraan truk terus meningkat khususnya di Kota Bandung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai emisi gas buang kendaraan truk yang dihasilkan dan mengetahui strategi apa yang harus diambil untuk menurunkan emisi gas buang berdasarkan pemilihan rute distribusi untuk distribusi beras di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan model ILP dengan solver Matlab yang membandingkan total jarak tempuh, jumlah kendaraan, dan total biaya transportasi pada dua sistem distribusi yaitu pengiriman langsung dan pengiriman berbagi. Pada penelitian ini skenario kapasitas angkut diubah sesuai dengan penggunaan armada angkut truk jenis fuso bak, mengubah jenis truk yang memiliki kapasitas lebih besar, serta menghitung nilai emisi gas buang untuk kendaraan truk pada kedua skenario baru dan dua sistem distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dengan mengatur jumlah kendaraan dan total jarak tempuh minimum melalui peningkatan kapasitas angkut dan penggunaan sistem pengiriman berbagi, dapat menurunkan emisi gas buang sebesar 21,92% untuk setiap komposisinya. Kata kunci: transportasi, distribusi beras, pengiriman berbagi, reduksi emisi, emisi gas buang

Download Full-text

TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA TERHADAP ANAK JALANAN PADA BIDANG PENDIDIKAN

Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan ◽

10.35905/almaiyah.v10i1.448 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 68-88

Author(s):

Andi Muhammad Sofyan ◽

Andi Tenripadang

Keyword(s):

Municipal Government ◽

Provincial Government ◽

City Government ◽

Third Party ◽

Right To Education ◽

The Third ◽

Government District ◽

The Third Party ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

The responsibility of protecting the right to education of street children that the responsibility of the government, the provincial government, the district/ city government, and the obligations of parents of guardians, parents, families, and communities and countries. The management of education shall be the responsibility of the government and shall be responsible for any loss incurred on the fautes personalles (ie the loss to the third party charged to the officer, the fautes the services of the third party) shall be borne by the agency and the responsibility of the facility. The responsibility for the protection of street children's right to education should be given responsibility to the state through the government, provincial government, district/ municipal government by involving the community and the institution whose management is regulated and adapted to the ideals of the country and the conditions of each community in the region

Download Full-text

TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA TERHADAP ANAK JALANAN PADA BIDANG PENDIDIKAN

Al-MAIYYAH : Media Transformasi Gender dalam Paradigma Sosial Keagamaan ◽

10.35905/almaiyyah.v10i1.448 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 68-88

Author(s):

Andi Muhammad Sofyan ◽

Andi Tenripadang

Keyword(s):

Municipal Government ◽

Provincial Government ◽

City Government ◽

Third Party ◽

Right To Education ◽

The Third ◽

Government District ◽

The Third Party ◽

The Government ◽

The Right

Download Full-text

Capaian pembangunan manusia: analisis komparatif Provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat dan DKI Jakarta

Jurnal Good Governance ◽

10.32834/gg.v13i1.31 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adriwati Adriwati

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Human Population ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Development Index ◽

Long Life ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government ◽

Development Paradigm

Human development is a development paradigm that puts human (population) as the focus and final target of all development activities, namely the achievement of control over resources (income to achieve decent living), improvement of health status (long life and healthy life) and improve education. To see the success rate of human development, UNDP publishes an indicator of Human Development Index (HDI). This study discusses the achievements of human development that have been pursued by the government. The problem analyzed in this research is the difference of human development achievement in some provincial government in Indonesia. This paper aims to compare the achievements of human development in some provincial governments seen from the achievement of human development index of each province. Research location in Banten Province, West Java and DKI Jakarta.Keywords:Human Development Index, Human Development Achievement

Download Full-text

Variations in Levels and Sources of Atmospheric VOCs during the Continuous Haze and Non-Haze Episodes in the Urban Area of Beijing: A Case Study in Spring of 2019

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12020171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Lihui Zhang ◽

Xuezhong Wang ◽

Hong Li ◽

Nianliang Cheng ◽

Yujie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Exhaust ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Photochemical Reaction ◽

Petrochemical Industry ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Long Distance ◽

Air Mass ◽

Source Contributions ◽

The Government ◽

Haze Days

To better evaluate the variations in concentration characteristics and source contributions of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during continuous haze days and non-haze days, hourly observations of atmospheric VOCs were conducted using a continuous on-line GC-FID (Airmo VOC GC-866) monitoring system during 1–15 March 2019, in urban areas of Beijing, China. The results showed that the total VOC concentrations during haze days and non-haze days were 59.13 ± 31.08 μg/m3 and 16.91 ± 7.19 μg/m3, respectively. However, the average O3 concentrations during the two haze days were lower than those of non-haze days due to the extremely low concentrations at night instead of the reported lower photochemical reaction in daytime. The ratio of OH radical concentration during haze and non-haze days indicating that the rate of photochemical reaction during haze days was higher than those of non-haze days from 13:00–19:00. The stable air conditions and the local diesel emission at night were the main reasons for the decreased O3 concentrations during haze days. Six major sources were identified by positive matrix factorization (PMF), namely, diesel exhaust, combustion, gasoline evaporation, solvent usage, gasoline exhaust, and the petrochemical industry, contributing 9.93%, 25.29%, 3.90%, 16.88%, 35.59% and 8.41%, respectively, during the whole observation period. The contributions of diesel exhaust and the petrochemical industry emissions decreased from 26.14% and 6.43% during non-haze days to 13.70% and 2.57%, respectively, during haze days. These reductions were mainly ascribed to the emergency measures that the government implemented during haze days. In contrast, the contributions of gasoline exhaust increased from 34.92% during non-haze days to 48.77% during haze days. The ratio of specific VOC species and PMF both showed that the contributions of gasoline exhaust emission increased during haze days. The backward trajectories, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) showed that the air mass of VOCs during haze days was mainly affected by the short-distance transportation from the southwestern of Hebei province. However, the air mass of VOCs during non-haze days was mainly affected by the long-distance transportation from the northwest.

Download Full-text

Mining Industry Impact on Environmental Sustainability, Economic Growth, Social Interaction, and Public Health: An Application of Semi-Quantitative Mathematical Approach

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9060972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 972

Author(s):

Muhammad Mohsin ◽

Qiang Zhu ◽

Sobia Naseem ◽

Muddassar Sarfraz ◽

Larisa Ivascu

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Energy Source ◽

Coal Mining ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Mining Operations ◽

Human Needs ◽

The Government ◽

Operational Activities

The mining industry plays a significant role in economic growth and development. Coal is a viable renewable energy source with 185.175 billion deposits in Thar, which has not been deeply explored. Although coal is an energy source and contributes to economic development, it puts pressure on environmental sustainability. The current study investigates Sindh Engro coal mining’s impact on environmental sustainability and human needs and interest. The Folchi and Phillips Environmental Sustainability Mathematics models are employed to measure environmental sustainability. The research findings demonstrated that Sindh Engro coal mining is potentially unsustainable for the environment. The toxic gases (methane, carbon dioxide, sulfur, etc.) are released during operational activities. The four significant environment spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere) are negatively influenced by Thar coal mining. The second part of the analysis results shows that human needs and interests have a positive and significant relationship except for human health and safety with Sindh Engro coal mining. Environmental pollution can be controlled by utilizing environmentally friendly coal mining operations and technologies. Plantation and ecological normalization can protect the species, flora, and fauna of the Thar Desert. The government of Pakistan and the provincial government of Sind should strictly check the adaptation of environmental standards. Furthermore, the researchers should explore the environmental issues and solutions so that coal mining becomes a cost-efficient and environmental-friendly energy source in Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Public service motivation and organizational performance in Chinese provincial governments

Chinese Management Studies ◽

10.1108/cms-08-2016-0168 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 770-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chunkui Zhu ◽

Chen Wu

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Public Service ◽

Public Service Motivation ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Civil Servants ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Government Employees ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

The Government

Purpose This paper aims to examine different hypotheses concerning the effects of public service motivation (PSM) and other attitudinal or institutional dimensions on organizational performance (OP). Specifically, based on the experience of Chinese provincial governments, this study provides new evidence about how PSM may affect OP. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data from a survey of different provincial government departments in Sichuan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province and Chongqing Municipality in 2011. Using data from 761 respondents, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between related factors. Findings PSM, job satisfaction, affective commitment and job involvement have statistically significant effects on OP, and these results are consistent with the findings of previous researches that PSM positively affected OP at a significant level. The results suggest that, if civil servants have a strong PSM, the performance of their organizations will be high. Research limitations/implications Future research should look for additional factors that affect OP, comparing employees’ perceptions of an organization’s performance with objective data to determine whether, and to what degree, subjective measures of performance are valid measures of OP in the public sector. Practical implications In the process of improving government performance, it is significant to give attention to the government employees’ mentality. The government training and promotion system should encourage civil servants to care about the public interest. A more flattened organization should be considered as part of the next steps in government reform, and more opportunities should be provided to involve more government employees in policy making. Originality/value This study helps to clarify the effects of individual factors of PSM on OP in China in a tightly controlled bureaucratic environment, where related data are hardly accessible.

Download Full-text

Public and Private Ownership in the Iranian Constitution: Principle 44, A Barrier for Development

Journal of Politics and Law ◽

10.5539/jpl.v10n4p73 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Ahmad Torabi

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Economic Impacts ◽

Private Ownership ◽

Public Ownership ◽

Public And Private ◽

The Third ◽

Public Property ◽

Legal Challenges ◽

The Law ◽

The Government

The Iranian legislator has sought to protect public property and public ownership in the Iranian Constitution in accordance with Islamic principles, terms and procedures. There are a number of principles that have been directly applied to this purpose; however, one principle has had a very significant impact on government domination of the economy of Iran: principle 44. This principle does not directly describe public property; rather, it aims to determine the areas that are under public ownership and are administered by the government. However, the principle has some contradictions and legal challenges in itself. In addition, the supplementary law that has been enacted to provide the areas for the enforcement of principle 44 fails to secure the aims of the legislator. Therefore, this paper analyses legal challenges of the principle, as well as its supplementary law, and gives suggestions to solve the challenges.This paper is divided into four sections. The first section provides an analysis of the principle itself, and its relationship and consistency with other principles of the constitution. In the second section, the Law of Implementation of Principle 44 and the legal challenges that arise from it will be discussed. The third section focuses on the negative economic impacts of this law, as well as case studies of it. Lastly, the paper provides a summary of suggestions to amend this law.

Download Full-text

Politics and Professions: Interdisciplinary Team Models and Their Implications for Health Equity in Ontario

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.1177/0020731417717384 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 302-327

Author(s):

Susan Marie Haydt

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Health Equity ◽

Nurse Practitioner ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Family Health ◽

Interdisciplinary Team ◽

Provincial Government ◽

Community Health Centres ◽

Primary Care Teams ◽

The Government

Ontario’s efforts to reform primary care through interdisciplinary primary care teams are unprecedented in Canada. Since 2004, the provincial government has focused its reform efforts on three models: Family Health Teams (FHTs), Community Health Centres (CHCs), and Nurse Practitioner-led Clinics (NPLCs). These models vary by team structure, funding, and governance. I examine the strong preference for the FHT model by the government and medical profession, and the implications of this preference on health equity. The opportunity for teams to increase health equity in Ontario may be limited due to the preference for physician-centered FHTs over more egalitarian team models.

Download Full-text

Fraud and Abuse: United States ex rel Merena v. SmithKline Beecham Corp.; United States ex rel Spear v. SmithKline Beecham Clinical Lab.; United States ex rel Grossenbacher v. SmithKline Beecham Clinical Lab.

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.2000.tb00013.x ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 191-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Allyson Behm

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

The United States ◽

Care Providers ◽

Individual Analysis ◽

Court Of Appeals ◽

The Third ◽

The Government

The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held that when quitam relators file a multi-claim complaint under the Fraudulent Claims Act (FCA), their share of the proceeds must be based on an individual analysis of each claim. More importantly, the court held that relators are not entitled to any portion of the settlement of a specific claim if that claim was subject to dismissal under section 3730(e)(4) Relator Merena filed a quitam suit against his employer, SmithKline Beecham (SKB), claiming, among other things, that SKB defrauded the government by billing for laboratory tests that were not performed, paying illegal kickbacks to health care providers, and participating in an “automated chemistry” scheme. Soon thereafter, additional relators filed suit.

Download Full-text

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIA’S PUBLIC POLICY TO IMMIGRATION SELECTIVE POLICY BASED ON LAW NO. 6 OF 2011

Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian ◽

10.52617/jikk.v1i2.33 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 169-178

Author(s):

Muhammad Azzam Alfarizi

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Human Rights ◽

Service Needs ◽

Human Beings ◽

The Third ◽

The Core ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right ◽

Service Standards

The inherent right of the individual is an affirmation that human beings must be treated properly and civilized and must be respected, as the sounding of the second precept is: "Just and Civilized Humanity". Human rights are manifestations of the third principle, namely: "Indonesian Unity". If all rights are fulfilled, reciprocally the unity and integrity will be created. Rights are also protected and upheld as is the agreement of the fourth precepts that reads: "Democracy Led by Wisdom in Consultation / Representation". Human Rights also recognizes the right of every person for the honor and protection of human dignity and dignity, which is in accordance with the fifth precepts which read: "Social Justice for All Indonesian People" PASTI Values which are the core values of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights which is an acronym of Professional, Accountable, Synergistic, Transparent and Innovative is an expression of the performance of the immigration apparatus in providing human rights based services. If these values are in line with the values contained in Pancasila, the criteria for evaluating human rights-based public services are based on the accessibility and availability of facilities; the availability of alert officers and compliance of officials, employees, and implementers of Service Standards for each service area will be easily achieved. It is fitting that immigration personnel in providing services must be in accordance with the principles of human rights-based services and in harmony with the Pancasila philosophy. This is as an endeavor in fulfilling service needs in accordance with the mandate of the 1945 Constitution, provisions of applicable laws and human rights principles for every citizen and population for services provided by the government in this case Immigration.

Download Full-text