The  Control of Pathogenic Fungi with Trichoderma in Banjar Pinge, Tabanan of Bali Province

Pinge is one of the traditional sub-village (banjar) in Baru Village, Marga Sub district, Tabanan Regency of Bali Province. There are 36% of villagers living below the poverty line where 85% of them are farmers who cultivate fruit and flowers. They have many problems with fruit and flower production as the yields is low due to natural disasters and poor agricultural practice and support. Some flower growers often complain of low flower production, especially Marigold flowers due to the attack of pathogenic fungi that cause flower blight. The solution to solve the problems faced by partners is: by providing Appropriate Technology in the processing of cow dung into compost fertilizer plus trichoderma sp antagonist microorganisms. External targets to be achieved are the use of appropriate technology in the processing technology of cow dung into compost plus Trichoderma sp. Based on the results of activities as much as 70% understand and are able to apply pest and disease control to flowers by utilizing biological agents. Trichoderma can reduce the intensity of disease above the ground by 50.00% and suppress the intensity in the soil by 34.48%. In addition, giving Trichoderma sp. can increase the fresh weight of the plant by up to 30.75%.

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Modern aspects of epidemiology and prevention of typhoid infection (review)

Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Inspector) ◽

10.33920/med-08-2104-02 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 16-26

Author(s):

Alla Nikolaevna Kaira ◽

Vyacheslav Fedorovich Lavrov ◽

Oksana Anatolievna Svitich

Keyword(s):

Typhoid Fever ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Poverty Line ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Labor Migrants ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

The World ◽

Resistant Strains

Typhoid fever is still an urgent infection, especially in countries where the majority of the population lives below the poverty line, with limited resources, and without the ability to comply with basic hygiene rules. About 11 million cases of typhoid fever are registered worldwide every year, and about 400 people die from this infection every day. The global development of international relations activates migration processes, tourism, and provides rapid movement of significant masses of people around the world, which makes the risk of widespread typhoid infection quite real. In recent years, due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi, treatment of typhoid fever has become less effective. Natural disasters in the form of earthquakes and floods, man-made disasters, as well as military conflicts that occur in different parts of the world, are fertile «soil» for the emergence and spread of typhoid infection, which actualizes the implementation of appropriate prevention measures, including immunoprophylaxis of the disease. Despite the obvious success in the fight against typhoid fever, which consists in a significant reduction in cases of typhoid infection in the world, this dangerous infectious disease still remains an urgent problem, both for health authorities and the population of many countries. Children and young people are still ill, and there is a real risk of infection spreading to any country. Natural disasters pose a real threat of typhoid outbreaks and epidemics. Mass appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. typhi significantly complicates the treatment of patients, dictates the need for constant monitoring of the pathogen’s resistance to antibiotics and the introduction of typhoid immunoprophylaxis for epidemic indications among professional risk groups, labor migrants, and tourists traveling to countries with typhoid-affected countries. There is also a need for reliable epidemiological surveillance of this infection, carried out on an ongoing basis.

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Role of Elicitors in Inducing Resistance in Plants against Pathogen Infection: A Review

ISRN Biochemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/762412 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 127

Author(s):

Meenakshi Thakur ◽

Baldev Singh Sohal

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Natural Phenomenon ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Plant Invaders ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Causative Agents

Disease control is largely based on the use of fungicides, bactericides, and insecticides—chemical compounds toxic to plant invaders, causative agents, or vectors of plant diseases. However, the hazardous effect of these chemicals or their degradation products on the environment and human health strongly necessitates the search for new, harmless means of disease control. There must be some natural phenomenon of induced resistance to protect plants from disease. Elicitors are compounds, which activate chemical defense in plants. Various biosynthetic pathways are activated in treated plants depending on the compound used. Commonly tested chemical elicitors are salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, benzothiadiazole, benzoic acid, chitosan, and so forth which affect production of phenolic compounds and activation of various defense-related enzymes in plants. Their introduction into agricultural practice could minimize the scope of chemical control, thus contributing to the development of sustainable agriculture. This paper chiefly highlights the uses of elicitors aiming to draw sufficient attention of researchers to the frontier research needed in this context.

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Pemanfaatan Jamur Trichoderma sp Sebagai Antagonis Patogen Busuk Sulur Tanaman Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Secara In Vitro

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i1.367 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Herlyan Prasetiyo ◽

Purwati Purwati ◽

Iin Arsensi

Keyword(s):

Plant Disease ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Primary Data ◽

Field Observations ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Dragon Fruit ◽

Fruit Plants ◽

Hylocereus Polyrhizus

Utilization of Trichoderma sp fungi as pathogenic fungi antagonists in red dragon fruit plants (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in vitro. The purpose of this study was to identify foul pathogens of dragon fruit plants and then test the ability of Trichoderma sp antagonists to deciduous pathogens of red dragon fruit plants in vitro. The study was conducted from August to October 2016, The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pest and Plant Disease Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda. Sampling of plants exposed to foul tendrils was carried out in Bukit Merdeka Village, Samboja District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. There are two data observed in this study, primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from the source through direct field observations and laboratory observations and secondary data data obtained from interviews with farmers. The results showed that the pathogen that causes tendon rot in dragon fruit plants is the fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides (penz. Ssaac). Trichoderma sp can inhibit the development of pathogens Colletotrichum gloesporioides (Penz.) Ssaac., With the highest average resistance of 71.85%.

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Diverse Terpenoids and Their Associated Antifungal Properties from Roots of Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2083

Author(s):

Kaige Zhang ◽

Yifan Jiang ◽

Hongwei Zhao ◽

Tobias G. Köllner ◽

Sumei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽

Ornamental Plant ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat ◽

And Function

Roots provide anchorage and enable the absorption of water and micronutrients from the soil for plants. Besides these essential functions, roots are increasingly being recognized as an important organ for the production of diverse secondary metabolites. The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and function of terpenoid secondary metabolites in roots of different cultivars of the popular ornamental plant Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Although C. morifolium is known for rich production of secondary metabolites in its flower heads and leaves, the diversity of secondary metabolites in roots remains poorly characterized. In this study, 12 cultivars of C. morifolium were selected for comparative analysis. From their roots, a total of 20 terpenoids were detected, including four monoterpenes, 15 sesquiterpenes, and one diterpene. The cultivar ‘She Yang Hong Xin Ju’ exhibited the highest concentration of total terpenoids at approximately 730 µg·g−1 fresh weight. Most cultivars contained sesquiterpenes as the predominant terpenoids. Of them, (E)-β-farnesene was detected in all cultivars. Based on their terpenoid composition, the 12 cultivars were planed into four groups. To gain insights into the function of root secondary metabolites, we performed bioassays to assess their effects on growth of three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the root extracts among different cultivars were observed. The cultivar ‘Xiao Huang Ju’ was the only cultivar that had significant inhibitory effects on all three species of fungi. Our study reveals the diversity of terpenoids in roots of C. morifolium and their function as a chemical defense against fungi.

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Improving Laws and Legal Authorities for Public Health Emergency Legal Preparedness

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00260.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 36 (S1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert M. Pestronk ◽

Brian Kamoie ◽

David Fidler ◽

Gene Matthews ◽

Georges C. Benjamin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Disease Control ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Obese Population ◽

Core Elements ◽

Control And Prevention

This paper is one of the four interrelated action agenda papers resulting from the National Summit on Public Health Legal Preparedness (Summit) convened in June 2007 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and multi-disciplinary partners. Each of the action agenda papers deals with one of the four core elements of legal preparedness: laws and legal authorities; competency in using those laws; coordination of law-based public health actions; and information. Options presented in this paper are for consideration by policymakers and practitioners — in all jurisdictions and all relevant sectors and disciplines — with responsibilities for all-hazards emergency preparedness.One expert's framing of the mission of public health may help improve understanding of the range of hazards for which to be legally prepared. These hazards include urgent realities — such as chronic disease, injury, disabilities, conventional communicable diseases, and an aging and obese population — and urgent threats, such as pandemic influenza, natural disasters, and terrorism.

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Bioconversion of herbal industry waste into vermicompost using an epigeic earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x10384432 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1205-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mamta Kumari ◽

Sudhir Kumar ◽

Rajinder Singh Chauhan ◽

K. Ravikanth

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Waste Disposal ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Total Yield ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Advanced Degree ◽

Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Nutrient Profile ◽

Industry Waste

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of bioconversion of industrial herbal waste to vermicompost using Eudrilus eugeniae. Vermibeds were made using a mixture of herbal waste and cowdung (1 : 1) in comparison with the use of cowdung alone as substrate, resulting in vermicomposts 1 and 2, respectively. Different parameters were studied and it was observed that the nutrient profile of vermicompost 1 strongly influenced the growth of pea ( Pisum sativum) and marigold plant ( Tagetus erectus). The dry and fresh weight of shoots and roots, number of flowers, total yield in terms of fruit showed significant increase with vermicompost 1. Furthermore, vermicompost 1 (herbal waste and cow dung as substrate) resulted in a significant reduction in TOC by 58% in comparison with vermicompost 2 (cowdung as substrate). The C : N ratio was less than 20 in vermicompost 1 as well as in vermicompost 2, which indicated an advanced degree of stabilization and mineralization. The ability of earthworms to survive, grow and breed in the vermibed fed with the herbal waste indicates the sustainability and efficiency of a heterogeneous kind of organic waste. The results of the study suggested that bulk industrial herbal waste can be utilized as a substrate for vermicomposting and this can be proposed as an alternative for waste disposal in a clean green manner, promoting the concept of organic farming.

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Use of Trichaderma sp. For Biological Control of Diplodia Disease in Siam Banjar Citrus

TROPICAL WETLAND JOURNAL ◽

10.20527/twj.v4i2.64 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 38-43

Author(s):

Abdul Mujib

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Disease Control ◽

Observation Time ◽

High Yield ◽

Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Two Factors

Siam Banjar Citrus has a very bright prospect to be develoved, becomes a contributor to the national fruit products with various types and varieties and has the production that does not depend on seasons. Diplodia disease in citrus still becomes a major problem because it causes loss of high yield and affecth the gain of production. The disease, caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae pat., indicates symptoms of lesions on citrus trunk, such as narrow lines on the trunk, and can cause plant death due to the disruption of transport of water and nutrients from the soil to the plants. The objectives of the research were to find out the effects of the interaction between Trichokompos fertilizer sp.,to determine the combination of Trichokompos fertilizer and Tricjoderma sp. Solution for Diplodia disease control. The study was conducted from january to april 2012, in Rantau Badauh sub- district. This experiment employed Randomized Blok Design (RBD) consisting of three replications and two factors , namely the dosage of Trichokompos fertilizer (0 kg, 10 kg and 20 kg), and the dosage of Trichoderma sp. (0 g/l lt EKG, 50 g/l lt EKG , 100 g/l lt EKG, 150g/l lt EKG and 200 g/l lt EKG). The observations were conducted on the presence of fungi and the measurement of bark lesions. The result showed that there was no intraction between the two treatmeants, and the significant effect of the application of Trichoderma sp. Against the widespread symptoms of doplodia at all observation time with the best dosage was 50 g/l ECG. The results of the regression indicated that the higher concentration and the longer time of the applicatin of Trichoderma sp. Would reduce the widespread of symptoms caused by diplodia in citrus.

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FIELD-GROWN CUT FLOWERS: AN ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS FOR PRODUCTION IN THE OZARKS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.659d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 659d-659

Author(s):

Gloria McIntosh ◽

Gerald Klingaman

Keyword(s):

Consumer Response ◽

Stem Length ◽

Vase Life ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Flower Production ◽

Economical Analysis ◽

Celosia Cristata ◽

Number Of Stems

Several cut flower species were studied to determine their feasibility for cut flower production. Three fertilizer treatments (0.5, .1, and .15kg/m2 respectively) were used and their effect on number of stems, stem length and fresh weight were determined. Celosia cristata and Ageratum houstonianum `Blue Horizon' proved to respond best to fertilizer treatments. Celosia fertilized at a rate of .15kg/m2 will produce approximately 200 stems/m2. Ageratum will produce appoximately 400 stems/m2 when fertilized at a rate of .10kg/m2. Fertlizer rates of .10 and .15 kg/m2 for Eustoma culture yielded 86 stems/m2, which was lower than other species used in this test. Extended vase life and consumer response could possibly justify using this species in cut flower production. An economic break-even analysis will be presented to show what price will have to be received per stem to cover costs.

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EKSPLORASI DAN UJI VIRULENSI BAKTERI Bacillus sp. ENDOFIT JAGUNG TERHADAP PENYAKIT BUSUK PELEPAH JAGUNG

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.22.2.70-78 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 70-78

Author(s):

Arum Saputri ◽

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Abu Umayah ◽

Agus Sarjito

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Block Design ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

In Planta ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design

[EXPLORATION AND VIRULENT TEST OF MAIZE ENDOPHYTE Bacillus sp. AGAINST MAIZE SHEATH BLIGHT]. Capability of endophytic bacterial, effectivity, and its effect on R. solani. and on maize seedlings growth were investigated from April 2018 to January 2019. Exploration of endophytes bacteria in maize was taken from Banyumas Regency (Sumbang, Kembaran, Baturraden) and Purbalingga Regency (Padamara, Bojongsari, Pratin). Taking plant samples using Purposive Random Sampling and Diagonal Sampling methods. Completely randomized design was used in in vitro test with 16 treatments repeated twice. Completely randomized block design was used in in planta experiment with 5 treatments repeated 5 times. The treatment consisted of control, fungiside (mankozeb), and 2 isolates of endophytes bacteria performing the best in vitro result. Variables observed included characteristics of endophytic bacteria and pathogenic fungi, inhibition diameter, incubation period, disease intensity, incidence of disease, AUDPC, plant height, leaf number, root length, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and root fresh weight. Resultshowed that the exploration obtained 15 endophytic Bacillus sp. isolates. The PD A.4 and BK A.1 isolates werw able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi in-vitro by 56.93 and 51.5%, respectively. The soaking treatment using BK A1 was able to reduce disease intensity by 59.377%, and AUDPC value 34.19%. Endophytic bacteria influence plant height, plant fresh weight, canopy fresh weight, and fresh weight of roots respectively as 89.17 cm, 126.06 g, 106.67 g and 19.4 g.

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Potensi Agen Hayati dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara In Vitro

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p138-142 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 138

Author(s):

Liza Octriana

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Culture Method ◽

Biological Agents ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Central Laboratory ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Sp

The Potential of Biological Agents to Inhibit Growth of Phytium sp. In Vitro. The study aimed at testing the potential of some antagonistic fungi isolated from durian seedlings media to inhibit growth of Phytium sp. Research was done at the Central Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Research Solok in July-September 2009 by using a complete randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Tests was conducted by dual culture method on PDA. The results showed that Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b, Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. can inhibit growth of Phytium sp., with growth inhibition of 50, 49.5, 47, 48, and 38.3% respectively. Inhibition mecanism of Gliocladium sp., and Trichoderma sp. were competition, antibiosis, lisis, and parasitism, while Penicillium sp. was antibiosis. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b, Aspergilus sp., and Penicillium sp. can be used as biological agents to control pathogenic fungi Phytium sp. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan untuk menguji potensi beberapa cendawan antagonis hasil isolasi dari media pembibitan durian dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok pada bulan Juli-September 2010. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Pengujian daya antagonis cendawan dilakukan dengan metode dual culture yang diinokulasikan pada media PDA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp.a, Trichoderma sp.b., Aspergilus sp., dan Penicillium sp. dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Phytium sp. secara in vitro, dengan daya hambat masing-masing 50; 49,5; 47; 48; dan 38,3% secara berurutan. Mekanisme antagonis Gliocladium sp. dan Trichoderma sp. adalah kompetisi, antibiosis, lisis, dan parasitisme, sedangkan Penicillium sp. hanya bersifat antibiosis. Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergilus sp., dan Penicillium sp. dapat digunakan sebagai agen hayati untuk mengendalikan cendawan patogen Phytium sp.

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