Potensi ekologis dan pola sebaran teripang Holothuria scabra dan Holothuria vagabunda di Perairan Tanjungkeramat Desa Pangkil, Kabupaten Bintan, Indonesia

The aim of the study was to determine the ecological potential and pattern of the distribution of sea cucumbers in the waters of Tanjungkeramat, Pangkil Village, Teluk Bintan District, Bintan regency. This study uses a survey method, determining the area with a swap area method of 4 areas, measuring the area using a meter with a length and width of 100 x 50 m. The results of the study found 2 types. Sea cucumber from the subfamily namely Holothuriidae and Stichopodidae. The highest density of Holothuroidea species in area I is 46 individual/ha. The lowest density is in area IV which is 12 individual/ha. Sea cucumber density in Tanjungkeramat is still relatively good. The water conditions in Tanjungkeramat still meet the quality standards that support the life of sea cucumber. Distribution pattern in area I with Id value 0.69, area II with Id value 0.68, and area III with a value of 0.42 has an even distribution pattern, while the distribution pattern in area IV Id 1.00 has a random distribution pattern.

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The STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS TERIPANG (Holothuroidea) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DESA NAMTABUNG, KECAMATAN SELARU, KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TANIMBAR

TRITON : Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan ◽

10.30598/tritonvol17issue1page10-17 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

Maria Matrutty ◽

D Wakano ◽

S Suriani

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Coastal Waters ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Relative Distribution ◽

Stable Category ◽

Holothuria Scabra ◽

A Value ◽

Holothuria Atra

Sea cucumber is an invertebrate which is widely used by the community as food and medicine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the community structure of sea cucumber (Holothuroidea) in the coastal waters of Namtabung Village, Selaru District, Tanimbar Islands Regency. The used method to collect sea cucumber samples was the linear quadratic transect method with the number of observation stations as many as three stations, the samples of sea cucumbers obtained will be identified using an identification book. The results showed that there were four species of sea cucumber from the Holothuridea family, genus Holothuria and Bohadschia with the types namely Holothuria scabra, Holothuria edulis, Holothuria atra, and Bohadschia marmorata. Holothuria scabra has the highest density of 0.202 ind / m2. The highest relative abundance was shown by Holothuria edulis at 28.12%. The type of diversity index value is 1.3662 which means moderate diversity, and the dominance index is 0.2533, which means that there are no dominant species. The relative distribution pattern is at ˃ 1, which means that the distribution pattern is clustered. The highest index of importance was Holothuria scabra with a value of 91.07%. Overall, the sea cucumber community structure in the coastal waters of Namtabung Village is in the stable category. The highest index of importance was Holothuria scabra with a value of 91.07%. Overall, the community structure of sea cucumber in the coastal waters of Namtabung Village is in the stable category. ABSTRAK Teripang merupakan hewan tidak bertulang belakang yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan pangan dan obat-obatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis struktur komunitas teripang (Holothuroidea) di perairan pantai Desa Namtabung Kecamatan Selaru, Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampe teripang adalah metode transek linear kuadrat dengan jumlah stasiun pengamatan sebanyak tiga stasiun, sampel teripang yang diperoleh akan diidentifikasi menggunakan buku identifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat empat spesies teripang dari famili Holothuridea, genus Holothuria dan Bohadschia dengan jenis-jenis yaitu Holothuria scabra, Holothuria edulis, Holothuria atra, dan Bohadschia marmorata. Kepadatan tertinggi dimiliki oleh jenis Holothuria scabra sebesar 0,202 ind/m2. Kelimpahan relative tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh Holothuria edulis sebesar 28,12%. jenis Nilai indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,3662 yang artinya keanekaragaman sedang, dan indeks dominansi 0,2533 yang artinya tidak terdapat spesies yang mendominansi. Pola penyebaran relatif berada pada angka ˃ 1 yang artinya pola sebaran bersifat mengelompok. Indeks nilai penting tertinggi adalah Holothuria scabra dengan nilai 91,07%. Secara keseluruhan, struktur komunitas teripang di daerah perairan pantai Desa Namtabung berada dalam kategori stabil. Kata kunci: Struktur komunitas, teripang, indeks ekologi, Desa Namtabung, Maluku

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Epidemiology of a SKin Ulceration Disease (SKUD) in the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with a review on the SKUDs in Holothuroidea (Echinodermata)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78876-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jérôme Delroisse ◽

Kévin Van Wayneberghe ◽

Patrick Flammang ◽

David Gillan ◽

Pascal Gerbaux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Collagen Fibre ◽

Field Observations ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Holothuria Scabra ◽

Skin Ulceration ◽

Opportunistic Bacteria

AbstractAquacultivated sea cucumbers often suffer from SKin Ulceration Diseases (SKUDs). SKUDs have been observed in six holothuroid species from nine countries. All SKUDs present a similar symptom—the skin ulceration—and can be induced by bacteria, viruses, or abiotic factors. We here provide an update on SKUDs in holothuroids and analyse the case of the SKUD observed in Holothuria scabra in Madagascar. Field observations revealed a seasonality of the disease (i.e. wintertime maximum peak). Morphological analyses of integument ulcers showed that sea cucumbers react by forming a collagen fibre plug. Metagenomic analyses revealed a higher proportion of Vibrionaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) in ulcers in comparison to the healthy integument of the same individuals. Experimental infection assays were performed with ulcer crude extracts and bacteria isolated from these extracts (e.g. Vibrio parahaemolyticus) but did not significantly induce skin ulceration. Our results suggest that the disease is not induced by a pathogen or, at the very least, that the pathogen is not found within the ulcers as the disease is not transmissible by contact. An initial cause of the SKUD in Madagascar might be the repeated and prolonged exposures to cold temperatures. Opportunistic bacteria could settle in the dermis of ulcerated individuals and promote the ulcer extension. We propose a general nomenclature for SKUDs based on the acronym of the disease, the affected sea cucumber species (e.g. Hs for Holothuria scabra), the concerned region using an ISO code 3166-2 (e.g. MG for Madagascar), the description date (e.g. 20 for the year 2020), and, when known, the inducing agent (first letter of the general taxon, b for bacteria, v for virus in currently known cases; a a if it is an abiotic inducing parameter; nothing if the inducing cause has not been precisely identified). The disease described in this work will be designated under the name SKUD Hs-MG-20.

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Density and Size Distribution of the Sea Cucumber, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger, 1935), at Six Exploited Sites in Mahout Bay, Sultanate of Oman

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] ◽

10.24200/jams.vol12iss0pp43-51 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Khalfan M. Al-Rashdi ◽

Michel R. Claereboudt ◽

Saud S. Al-Busaidi

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Size Distributions ◽

Sultanate Of Oman ◽

Population Densities ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Holothuria Scabra ◽

Mean Size ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Mean

A rapid survey of the density and size distribution of recently exploited populations of Holothuria scabra in Mahout Bay (Ghubbat Hashish Bay) was carried out at six fishing sites. The results showed that population densities varied between 1170 and 4000 individuals ha-1 and biomass ranged between 393 and 2903 kg ha-1. The mean size of sea cucumbers and population densities were much lower in populations closer to human settlements, suggestive of overfishing. The sex ratio was estimated to be 1:1 and the size distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The length-weight relationship for both sexes was calculated as W (g) = 0.033 Length (mm) 2.178.

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Ekstraksi dan Formulasi Suspensi Oral Teripang Holothuria scabra sebagai Sumber Antioksidan

Oseanologi dan Limnologi di Indonesia ◽

10.14203/oldi.2016.v1i1.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Ardi Ardiansyah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Oral Suspension ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Holothuria Scabra ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Extraction and Oral Suspension Formulation of Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra as Source of Antioxidants. Sea cucumbers have long been utilized in the food and medicine for Asia and Middle East communities. Indonesia is one of the main suppliers in the trade of sea cucumbers in Asia. Sea cucumber utilization in Indonesia is generally done only in the form of raw materials. Holothuria scabra is one of the sea cucumber that can be explored as a potential source of antioxidants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of sea cucumber H.scabra in extract and suspension. Sea cucumber was extracted with methanol 96% and ethanol 96%, then both antioxidant activity was tested. Extract with higher antioxidant activity were made into oral suspension preparation for further evaluation of the stability (organoleptic, pH, microorganisms) and antioxidant testing. The results showed that ethanol extracts had higher antioxidant activity of methanol extract, but still lower than ascorbic acid. Based on the calculation, IC50 of methanol extract was 316.85 ppm and ethanol extract was 130.54 ppm, while ascorbic acid showed IC50 34.06 ppm. The most stable formula (F1a) shows that there is still an antioxidant activity that is equal to 42.11 %.

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Sex steroids and steroidogenesis-related genes in the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and their potential role in gonad maturation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81917-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tipsuda Thongbuakaew ◽

Saowaros Suwansa-ard ◽

Arada Chaiyamoon ◽

Scott F. Cummins ◽

Prasert Sobhon

Keyword(s):

Sex Steroids ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Ovarian Development ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Gonad Maturation ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Holothuria Scabra

AbstractThe sea cucumber Holothuria scabra is an economically valuable marine species which is distributed throughout the Asia–Pacific region. With the natural population declining due to over fishing, aquaculture of this species is deemed necessary. Hence, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating the reproduction in order to increase their populations. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens and progestogens, play an important role in reproduction in most vertebrates and several invertebrates. It has been proposed that sea cucumbers have the same sex steroids as vertebrates but the steroidogenic pathway in the sea cucumbers is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) that sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone) were present in H. scabra neural and gonadal tissues. In silico searches of available sea cucumber transcriptome data identified 26 steroidogenesis-related genes. Comparative analysis of encoded proteins for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (HscStAR), CYP P450 10, 17 and 3A (HscCYP10, HscCYP17, HscCYP3A) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (Hsc3β-HSD, Hsc17β-HSD) with other species was performed to confirm their evolutionary conservation. Gene expression analyses revealed widespread tissue expression. Real-time PCR analysis revealed that HscStAR, HscCYP10, Hsc3β-HSD, and Hsc17β-HSD gene expressions were similar to those in ovaries and testes, which increased during the gonad maturation. HscCYP17 mRNA was increased during ovarian development and its expression declined at late stages in females but continued high level in males. The expression of the HscCYP3A was high at the early stages of ovarian development, but not at other later stages in ovaries, however it remained low in testes. Moreover, a role for steroids in reproduction was confirmed following the effect of sex steroids on vitellogenin (Vtg) expression in ovary explant culture, showing upregulation of Vtg level. Collectively, this study has confirmed the existence of steroids in an echinoderm, as well as characterizing key genes associated with the steroidogenic pathway. We propose that sex steroids might also be associated with the reproduction of H. scabra, and the identification of biosynthetic genes enables future functional studies to be performed.

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Analisis Keruangan Terhadap Perubahan dan Persebaran Permukiman Kumuh di Kecamatan Banjarsari Kota Surakarta Tahun 2001-2005

Forum Geografi ◽

10.23917/forgeo.v22i1.4928 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

D Dahroni

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Random Distribution ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Slum Area ◽

Low Education ◽

The One ◽

Map Analysis ◽

The City ◽

Slum Areas

Since the year 1998 up to the mid of 2005, in the district ofBanjarsari, there happened an increasing amount of slum areas which might endanger the environmental balance. This research aims at (1) identifying the shift of distribution pattern from the settlement diffusion in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta in the year 2001-2005. (2) Identifying the alteration form of the unoccupied land into slum areas in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta. (3) Identifying the characteristics of slum area dwellers in the district of Banjarsari Surakarta. This research uses the survey method, secondary data analysis and map analysis. The data ar alysis used is tlie closest neighbor analysis, table of frequency, crossed tables and descrip ave analysis. The result shows that (1) the distribution pattern of the slum areas appeared in the district ofBanjarsari in the year 2001 is the random distribution pattern while the one in 2005 is the dissemination pattern. Such pattern indicates the grc wing amount and interraction with the means of transportation and economic condition in those slum areas. (3) The lands which are altered into slum areas in the district of Banjarsari during 2001-2005 take place in the unoccupied areas owned by the state.(3) The distribution of age among the slum area inhabitants is around 41-61 years of age (49%) while tb biggest amount is the new arrivals (57%). The region of Sub province Sragen has the bigges percentage in the distribution of the city inhabitants origin in the district of Banjarsari. Regionally, the inhabitants who come from the hinterland of Surakarta or ex Surakarta residency took the amount lof 73.68%. The highest percentage of educational level of the slum area inhabitants in the district of Banjarsari is the uneducated residents or those from low education level (55%). Most of the respondents occupations of the slum area dwellers in Banjarsari are in the informal sectors (82%) The number of family member in the district of Banjarsari is around l-

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Effects of sandfish (Holothuria scabra) removal on shallow-water sediments in Fiji

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.4773 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e4773 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Steven Lee ◽

Amanda K. Ford ◽

Sangeeta Mangubhai ◽

Christian Wild ◽

Sebastian C.A. Ferse

Keyword(s):

Penetration Depth ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Reef Flat ◽

Turnover Rate ◽

Coastal Ecosystems ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Holothuria Scabra ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Stichopus Chloronotus ◽

Shallow Water Sediments

Sea cucumbers play an important role in the recycling and remineralization of organic matter (OM) in reef sands through feeding, excretion, and bioturbation processes. Growing demand from Asian markets has driven the overexploitation of these animals globally. The implications of sea cucumber fisheries for shallow coastal ecosystems and their management remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, the current study manipulated densities of Holothuria scabra within enclosures on a reef flat in Fiji, between August 2015 and February 2016, to study the effects of sea cucumber removal on sedimentary function as a biocatalytic filter system. Three treatments were investigated: (i) high density (350 g m−2 wet weight; ca. 15 individuals); (ii) natural density (60 g m−2; ca. 3 individuals); and (iii) exclusion (0 g m−2). Quantity of sediment reworked through ingestion by H. scabra, grain size distribution, O2 penetration depth, and sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) were quantified within each treatment. Findings revealed that the natural population of H. scabra at the study site can rework ca. 10,590 kg dry sediment 1,000 m−2 year−1; more than twice the turnover rate recorded for H. atra and Stichopus chloronotus. There was a shift towards finer fraction grains in the high treatment. In the exclusion treatment, the O2 penetration depth decreased by 63% following a 6 °C increase in water temperature over the course of two months, while in the high treatment no such change was observed. SOC rates increased ca. two-fold in the exclusion treatment within the first month, and were consistently higher than in the high treatment. These results suggest that the removal of sea cucumbers can reduce the capacity of sediments to buffer OM pulses, impeding the function and productivity of shallow coastal ecosystems.

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Pengetahuan Masyarakat Lokal Tentang Keragaman Teripang dan Pemanfaatannya di Pesisir Tablasupa, Depapre, Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.53 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Puguh Sujarta ◽

Ervina Indrayani

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Local Environment ◽

The Other ◽

Survey Method ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Community Activities ◽

Loss Of Diversity ◽

Benthic Ecosystems

Sea cucumbers are organisms which have very important role in aquatic ecosystems as benthic biotas. The purpose of this study is to understand the public's knowledge about the diversity of sea cucumbers and its utilization in Tablasupa village. This study was conducted in May 2016, using a survey method by means of sampling and interviews. The results showed that based on the knowledge of local people, there are six species of sea cucumber. On the other hand, based on morphological identification, there were found eight species, which are Genus Actinopyga (2 types), Bohadschia (2 types), and Holothuria (6 types). Many people take advantage of the type of sea cucumbers for sale, and only a small portion is consumed. As a consequence of community activities is that increase the potential of reducing the species biodiversity of sea cucumber in the region. However, the existence of local knowledge management in this region is expected to reduce the loss of diversity and may improve the local environment ecosystem.Key words: benthic, ecosystems, Jayapura, Tablasupa, sea cucumbers

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PERILAKU PEMIJAHAN TERIPANG PASIR (HOLOTHURIA SCABRA) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN (SUHU) DI DESA OHOI LETMAN KECAMATAN KEI KECIL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol1issue1page80-85 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Adolof S Narayaman

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Initial Temperature ◽

Female Parent ◽

Mature Female ◽

The Body ◽

Spawning Behavior ◽

Breeding Method ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Active Behavior ◽

Holothuria Scabra

Background: Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one of the export commodities from fisheries sector which has decreased production and resource conservation. Spawning sea cucumbers as a first step in the provision of seeds on the cultivation that has been successfully done naturally, but the frequency of spawning is still very low. Method: Treatment of mother of sea cucumber which is selected and taken as sample which is 8 tail and have always active behavior. Mother of sea cucumber then selected by length and weight of sea cucumber. Result: Spawning behavior displayed by sea cucumbers during spawning based on environmental factors (temperature) by raising the temperature (boiling) seawater or temperature shock. So at an initial temperature of 27 ° C the behavior of sea cucumbers looks very active. Then with an interval of ± 30 minutes the temperature increased to 28 ° C, seen the behavior shown that the sea cucumbers do the process of elongation of the body, so that the sea cucumber looks different from before Conclusion: Male breeding spawning on the back of the body (posterior), the mother cucumber raises the height of the head or the front of the body (anterior) which visible a bulge that then removes the sperm that looks like white smoke in the water. With an interval of 10 minutes a female parent appeared to be in the same temperature and the same breeding method the mature female was removing the egg.

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KOMPOSISI SPESIES TERIPANG (Holothuroidea) DI PERAIRAN KAMPUNG KAPISAWAR DISTRIK MEOS MANSWAR KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.26946 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tutik Handayani ◽

Vera Sabariah ◽

Ronald R. Hambuako

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Economic Importance ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Research Station ◽

Habitat Condition ◽

Sea Cucumbers ◽

Holothuria Scabra ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

The Village ◽

Descriptive Method

This study aimed to investigate the species and its composition of sea cucumber in the Kapisawar village of Meos Manswar District in Raja Ampat Regency. This research was conducted from March to April 2014. Descriptive method was applied directly through observations by using belt transects that consisted of three stations. Then, identification of species was done through spicula appearance of sea cucumbers. Results showed that from all research stations, 10 species of sea cucumbers were found, and these species derived from 3 families and 4 genera. The species of sea cucumbers are Holothuria scabra, H. leucospilota, H. rigida, H. sucosa, Bohadschia similis, B. marmorata, B. vitiensis, Synapta maculate, Opheodesoma grisea and Stichopus variegatus. The highest number of sea cucumber species was found in the station I which consisted of 9 species from 2 families and 4 genera, followed by station II (2 families and 3 genera), and the lowest at the station III of 3 species (2 families and 2 genera). Some of the sea cucumber found in the research station were economic importance, with the highest composition was at the station I because of its suitable habitat condition and the lowest in station III due to far from the village.

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