scholarly journals Haemovigilance: Role and importance of blood request forms in routine hospital practice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1686-1691
Author(s):  
Sidra Ghazanfer ◽  
Mona Aziz ◽  
Hasan Osman Mahmood ◽  
Sarah Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Transfusion Reaction ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enhance Efficiency ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Analytical Errors

Objectives: To assess the extent of Blood Request Forms (BRFs) usage in routine blood banking, at a major Hospital in Lahore. Study Design: Cross-sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex Blood Bank, Lahore. Period: 6 months (Sept 2016 to March 2017). Material & Methods: A total of 1052 BRFs dispatched from in-patient of Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore were selected. Patient’s MR number, date, demographic information, diagnosis, ward, history of transfusions, type of blood transfused, phlebotomist’s name etc., were analyzed. They were assessed and the results were produced in tabulated form as well as in graph. Results: Among the 1052 BRFs, “MR number” was filled in 99.4% (n=1046) forms, while 0.6% (n=6) were not filled. The column of “Date” was filled in 97% (n=1020) forms, while it was left blank in 3% (n=32) forms. Similarly, the column of “Age” was filled in 97.7% (n=1028) forms, whereas it was left empty in 2.3% (n=24) forms. Demographic information like “Patient’s Name” and “Gender” were filled in 100% forms. “Ward” was filled in 97.1% (n=1022) forms, while 2.9% (n=30) were unfilled. As far as “H/O previous transfusion(s)” column is concerned, 40.9% (n=430) forms were filled and 59.1% (n=622) were left unfilled. “H/O previous transfusion reaction(s)” column had almost the similar number with 37.6% (n=396) filled and 62.4% (n=656) left empty. The column of “Diagnosis” was filled in 22.4% (n=236) and was found unfilled in 77.6% (n=816). Moreover, the column of “Which type of component transfused” was filled in 96% (n=1010), while 4% (n=42) were unfilled. The column of “Amount of blood needed” was filled in 96.4% (n=1014) forms, while 3.6% (n=38) forms were unfilled. “When is the blood needed” column had only 29.3% (n=308) filled forms, whereas 70.7% (n=744) forms did not mention when the blood was needed. One of the most important columns is “Patient’s blood group”, which was filled in only 53.4% (n=562) forms, while 46.6% (n=490) forms were left empty. The column of “Name of phlebotomist” was filled in only 13.9% (n=146), while 86.1% (n=906) of the forms were found unfilled in this column. In total, our study revealed that among 1052 BRFs, only 6.8% (n=72) werecompletely filled, while 93.2% (n=980) were incompletely filled. Conclusion: Lack of awareness in BRF filling should be properly addressed to enhance efficiency and to reduce pre-analytical errors in healthcare setups. It is of utmost need that the clinicians and nurses should be made aware that BRFs play a pivotal role in smooth and error-free functioning of the healthcare setups.

Frequency of mesiodens among school children in Multan, southern Punjab.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 682-685
Author(s):  
Rabia Zafar ◽  
Talha Ashar ◽  
Asma Shakoor ◽  
Javed Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting

Objective: To know the frequency of mesiodens among school children in Multan, Southern Punjab. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: In Two Private Schools and Two Public Schools. Period: December 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: In this study 340 students were equally selected from private and government schools for study and were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed consent of the patient/guardian was taken. Medical and dental history of the patient was taken. Every child was examined by two expert dentists with mirror, probes and tweezers. Results: In this study out of 340 individuals 29 individuals showed the presence of mesiodens. Out of these 29 individuals 20 were males and 9 were female. Conclusion: Mesiodens are quite common and is more common in male. Early identification and management is necessary to prevent complications and tooth loss.

The factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour: A descriptive-analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Refaei ◽  
Soodabeh Aghababaei ◽  
Mansoureh Yazdkhasti ◽  
Farideh Kazemi ◽  
Fatemeh Farahmandpour
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Several risk factors have been identified for postpartum hemorrhage, one of which being the duration of the third stage of labour. This stage refers to the interval between the expulsion of the fetus to the expulsion of the placenta. Some bleeding occurs in this stage due to the separation of the placenta Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the length of the third stage of labour. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 300 women hospitalized for vaginal birth were selected via convenience sampling. The study data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Then, the data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: The mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.41 (6.26) years. Investigation of the relationship between the study variables and the time of placental separation indicated that a minute increase in the length of membranes rupture caused a 0.003minute decrease in the time of placental separation. However, this time increased by 2.75, 6.68, and 2.86 minutes in the individuals without the history of abortion, those with the history of stillbirth, and those who had not received hyoscine, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that suffering from preeclampsia or hypertension, history of stillbirth, not receiving hyoscine, and not receiving misoprostol increased the length of the third stage by 4.40, 8.55, 2.38, and 6.04 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: Suffering from preeclampsia and having the history of stillbirth increased and using hyoscine and misoprostol decreased the length of the third stage of labour. However, no significant relationship was found between the length of the third stage of labour and mother’s age, gestational age, parity, mother’s body mass index, mother’s chronic disorders, history of manual placenta removal, length of the first and second stages, membranes rupture, induction, amount of oxytocin after delivery, and infant’s weight and gender.

scholarly journals OVARIAN MALIGNANCY

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
Shabana Rafiq ◽  
Razia Bibi ◽  
Samina Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovarian Malignancy ◽  
Ovarian Mass ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of ovarian malignancy in women ofreproductive age presenting with ovarian mass and to determine frequency of factors leadingto ovarian malignancy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetrics& Gynaecology, Lady Wallington Hospital, Lahore. Period with Dates: From 05.11.11 to26.06.12. Results: The result of our study reveals majority of the patients between 21-30 yearsi.e. 45.88%(n=39), common age was 24.21+3.76 years, 43.53%(n=37) were nulliparous (inmajority), while frequency of ovarian malignancy in women of reproductive age presenting withovarian mass was recorded in 14.11%(n=12) while frequency of factors leading to ovarianmalignancy was 91.67%(n=11) patients were nulliparous while family history of ovarianmalignancy was in 8.33%(n=1) patients. Conclusions: The frequency of ovarian malignancy ishigher among reproductive age females with increased risk of nulliparity.

scholarly journals Frequency of sensorineural hearing loss in children with bacterial meningitis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2729-2733
Author(s):  
Rabia Saleem Safdar ◽  
M Faisal Mehar ◽  
Madiha Naz ◽  
Afsheen Asghar Khan ◽  
Nusrat Buzdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Evoked Response Audiometry ◽  
Study Setting

Objectives: To determine the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children with bacterial meningitis. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Paediatric Medicine Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: The study was conducted after permission from ethical committee. A total of 151 patients admitted with bacterial meningitis were enrolled. Apart from the presenting complaints, necessary information like the age and gender were noted. Examination of the child was done to assess the condition of child. Brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) test was performed before discharge of the patient from the hospital. The outcome variable that is SNHL in bacterial meningitis assessed by BERA test was noted in a specifically designed Performa. Results: Out of total of 151 patients, males were 83 (55%) while females 68 (45%). Overall mean age was 11.85+6.12 months. SNHL was found in 26 (17.2%) children. There was no significant effect of age or gender on the frequencies of SNHL. Conclusion: SNHL is a frequently encountered complication in our population of children with bacterial meningitis. SNHL should be carefully sought out and properly diagnosed in all the patients presenting with bacterial meningitis.

scholarly journals Relationship of ABO and Rh blood groups with history of gastritis in the undergraduate medical and dental students: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377
Author(s):  
Nilu Manandhar ◽  
Kushal Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Medical And Dental Students

Background & Objectives: The various ABO and Rh blood groups with different distribution frequencies in the general population have been found to be associated with different diseases, most notably gastritis. Many studies have claimed Rh groups to be indifferent to such association. Nonetheless, ABO group is found to linked with chronic gastritis. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequencies of ABO and Rh blood groups and the gastritis amongst the first and second year undergraduate medical and dental students; and to study their relationships. Materials & Methods: In a descriptive, cross-sectional study, 247 study participants were enrolled. After procuring clearance from the institutional review committee and the informed and written consent from the study participants, data collection was done on the variables, year of study (first or second year), gender, blood groups (ABO and Rh) and history of gastritis (present or absent).Results: Blood group O was the commonest (n=99; 40.1%) followed by group B (n=77; 31.2%). Similarly, 239 (96.8%) participants were Rh-positive as compared to 8 (3.2%) Rh-negative. Interestingly, 46 (18.6%) of the participants reported positive history of gastritis. Participants with blood group O had the greatest odds (OR=1.64) of having history of gastritis compared with those with other blood groups combined. Distribution of study participants based on gender and history of gastritis in either systems of blood grouping shoed no significant difference in their proportions (p>0.05). Conclusion: In light of the above findings, further longitudinal studies can be designed to better asses the relationship.

Factors contributing to intentional injuries in Iranian university students

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobra Abedian Kasgary ◽  
Zeinab Hamzehgardeshi ◽  
Zohreh Shahhosseini
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intentional Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Intentional injuries refer to injuries resulting from purposeful human action, whether directed at oneself or others. This study was performed to assess intentional injuries in Iranian university students. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out with 430 female and male university in three higher education institutions located in the northern part of Iran in the year 2015. Samples were chosen through the stratified cluster random sampling method. They were requested to fill out the demographic data form and the Persian version of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis via the SPSS v.13 software. Findings Intentional injuries were more frequent in the male university students than female (p < 0.05). Also, 9.1% and 6.7% of the university students were physically injured or sexually assaulted by a boy/girl friend. No statistically significant difference was reported in dating violence between the male and female university students. The logistic regression test showed that the history of stealing money from parents without their permission, son’s preferences in the family and gender are the most important predisposing factors for the university students’ intentional injury. Conclusion It is suggested that health policy makers consider the role of family in programs that have been designed for improving the health of young people.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases’ Awareness Among Women in Northern Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Abdulhakeem M Okour ◽  
Rami A Saadeh ◽  
Neda Redwan ◽  
Muhammad Faizal Bin A. Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Objectives

BACKGROUND: Women&rsquo;s awareness of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, is the cornerstone in promoting women&rsquo;s health. Objectives: To examine the relationship of awareness levels about cardiovascular diseases and their related risk factors with demographic information of Jordanian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 18 years and older women. Scores of awareness were computed for each individual and were divided into 4 quartiles. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of demographic information of participants with mean scores of quartiles. ANOVA analysis was used to compare the mean scores of quartiles. RESULTS: A total of 514 women completed the questionnaire, with a mean age of 35.46 (&plusmn;12.53). Current smokers were 6.2%, and 34.6% had a family history of heart disease. The proportion of diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and overweight/obesity were 15.6%, 19.3%, 14.4%, &amp; 21.6% respectively. The mean score for awareness was 12.87 (+ 3.26). Women who had lower income and who were at younger age were more likely to score low in awareness. CONCLUSION: Women illustrated a fair level of awareness of CVD and its related risk factors. Increasing women awareness of CVD through educational programs, targeted toward women at risk, assists in disease prevention and help to improve treatment plans.

scholarly journals Prevalence and reasons of use of different psychoactive substances among prisoners at Malir Prison, Karachi.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Jat ◽  
Muhammad Tarique Arain ◽  
Saima Qureshi ◽  
Kheenpal Das ◽  
Anum Haider
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Prisoners ◽  
Study Setting

The use psychoactive substances are on the rise in general population and even seen more among those who are involved in criminal activities. There are many reasons for such irrational use of psychoactive substances. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and reasons of use of different psychoactive substances among prisoners at Malir prison, Karachi. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Malir prison, Karachi. Period: 22nd April 2019 to 26th May 2019. Material & Methods: This study was conducted at district Malir prison, Karachi. All the cases who were imprisoned due to any reason and had history of psychoactive substance use were enrolled. Thorough history and examination was carried out. Ethical considerations were taken as per international guidelines. Results: Among all 490 male prisoners who used to take different type of psychoactive substance, majority were of age ranges of 21 to 35 years and 55% were married while 44% were single and 1% were divorced or separated. Out of 490 cases 453 (92%) were using different substances thorough routes other than injections while 37 (8%) were injection users. Majority of prisoners 252 (52%) were using Heroin while 86 (17%) were using Crystals, 74 (15%) Cannabis, 37 (8%) Synthetic substances, 24 (5%) Ice, 6 (1%) Opioid and 11 (2%) were using some other type of substance. The most common reason of substance use was peer pressure followed by fun and frustration. Conclusion: Substance use prevalence is high in prison. Existing services for the management of drug dependence are not meeting the global standard of evidence based comprehensive drug treatment and rehabilitation.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF STROKE IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 484-488
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Lohano ◽  
Adnan Samie ◽  
Noor Nabi Siayal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Improve Patient

Objective: To determine the frequency of intracerebral hemorrhage inhypertensive patients. Study design: Cross sectional study. Setting: This study was conductedat Medical department of Peoples Medical College & Hospital Nawabshah, from 01-01-2012 to31-12-2012. Material and methods: Admitted patient through emergency department withhistory of hypertension more than two years, meeting the inclusion criteria taken consent fromattendant. Patient was referred for C.T scan brain presence of hyperdense area was consideredas intracerebral hemorrhage. Inclusive criteria were age >20 years, either sex and patients withhistory of hypertension more than two year with any two or more sign and symptoms like suddenunconsciousness or with hemiplegia, hemiparesis, dysarthria. Aphasia, cranial nerve palsies.Exclusion criteria were age less than 20 years, normotensive patients with cerebral hemorrhageand patients with traumatic hemorrhage. Results: Among 281 patients that had stroke, therewere 147 males and 134 females with a sex ratio males: female 1:1. Mean age of patientsadmitted with intracerebral hemorrhage was 37.89 ± 7.33 years with an average age amongmales and females was same. Duration of hypertension was greater than 20-25 years in most ofthe patients nearly 63.7%. Patients with long duration of diabetes and hypertension presentedwith intracerebral hemorrhage. Nearly all the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage weresmokers 145, only 2 patients were non smokers and nearly all had long history of smoking. The127 patients who presented with intracerebral hemorrhage were obese. All risk factors werestatistically significant and were responsible for intracerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions:Hypertension is a risk factor for intra cerebral hemorrhage. An effort should be made to controlblood pressure and other modifiable risk factors to reduce incidence of intra cerebralhemorrhage and improve patient outcomes.

scholarly journals DENTAL PROSTHESIS;

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1261-1264
Author(s):  
Wasiq Riaz ◽  
Ayesha Aslam ◽  
Sara Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Class I ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fixed Dental Prostheses ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Study Setting

Introduction: Fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) are still preferred owing to theirdurability, esthetics, cost-effectiveness, adequate retention and lack of a surgical procedure.These restorations generally demonstrate longer life and durability in clinical service. Despitethe high survival rates, FDP complications are frequently encountered. Although severalstudies have reported on complications associated with FDPs, there is a lack of a standardand universal reporting system for FDP failures. Objectives: To evaluate FDP failures using aneasy classification scheme relevant to all conventional FDP failures. To assess the prevalenceof FDP failures based on this system. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: MargallaInstitute of Health Sciences (MIHS), Rawalpindi. Period: From 20th July 2014 to 20th January2015. Materials and Methods: Subjects reporting to the outpatient department with complaintsof failed crowns or bridges were included in the study. FDP failures were classified accordingto Manappallil’s classification. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statisticswere calculated. Results: Majority (31.6%) of the FDP failures were classified as Class I failureswhile the second most common FDP failures belonged to Class IV with a prevalence of 30.1%.Majority of the study subjects had been wearing FDPs for a period of 2 – 5 years while a few(2%) reported a history of use of FDP for more than 15 years. Conclusion: Class I failures arethe most prevalent failures in FPDs.

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