scholarly journals Aesthetic evaluation of lip position with respect to profile divergence: A silhouette based study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1640-1644
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Asmi Shaheen ◽  
Muhammad Usman Khalid ◽  
Maria Tanveer ◽  
Ansar Bilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Ideal Position ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Significant Bearing

Objective: To determine the mean attractiveness and score of lip position that is rated by orthodontists and lay persons in different levels of profile divergence as seen in silhouette images. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Punjab Dental Hospital/de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. Period: January 2020 to July 2020. Material & Methods: Lay people were selected from the hospital and orthodontic postgraduate trainees were selected from the college. An ideal profile image was constructed and converted to silhouette. By changing position of subnasale and soft tissue pogonion horizontally in relation to true vertical line, divergence of profile was changed and 3 forms of straight/normal profile were created. Three sets of profiles were created (1 anterior divergent, 2 straight divergent, 3 posterior divergent) and each set consisted of 5 images with different degrees of lip protrusion. Results: There were 50% of both genders in orthodontists and 48% males and 52% females in lay person with mean ages 28.74±2.55 and 34.66±7.30 years respectively were part of the study. There was significant difference found between orthodontists and lay person for anterior divergent profile with normal position (4.54±0.61 and 4.68±0.47 with P<0.05). Conclusion:  The normal lip position is viewed as the most ideal position; however the same does not have any significant bearing to the straight divergent profile, in which the assessments of various groups were uncertain.

scholarly journals Pulmonary function changes in asymptomatic smokers - a community survey in Udupi, Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Elumalai ◽  
Arun G. Maiya ◽  
Kalyan B. Chakravarthy
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Smoking has been labeled the most important preventable cause of a respiratory disease and its effects in a smoker are well established. A better understanding on the pulmonary function impairments in an asymptomatic smoker is the need of the hour. Objective: To study the pulmonary function changes in asymptomatic smokers and non- smokers and to establish the dose -effect relationship amongst asymptomatic smokers.Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Udupi district of Karnataka, India. 140 men aged between 20 to 45 years with a BMI ranging from 18.5 to 29.9 Kg2 /m was enrolled in to the study. 70 subjects were asymptomatic smokers and the other 70 were non-smokers. Outcomes measured were standard spirometric measures for pulmonary function and symptoms like breathlessness, cough and sputum using a Breathlessness Cough Sputum scale.Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of non-smokers and asymptomatic smokers enrolled was 34.7±5 and 33.8±5 years respectively. The mean smoking dose amongst the asymptomatic smokers was 15.74±5.5 pack years. FEV1 amongst the asymptomatic smokers showed a negative correlation with smoking dose (p<0.05) and there was a significant difference in FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV and FEF 25- 75 % (p<0.001) amongst the asymptomatic smokers and non-smokers.Conclusions: Asymptomatic smokers showed low values of pulmonary function parameters compared to those in non-smokers.

scholarly journals School feeding contributes to micronutrient adequacy of Ghanaian schoolchildren

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Razak Abizari ◽  
Christiana Buxton ◽  
Lugutuah Kwara ◽  
Joseph Mensah-Homiah ◽  
Margaret Armar-Klemesu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Records ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiple Micronutrient ◽  
The Mean

Without gains in nutritional outcomes, it is unlikely that school feeding programmes (SFP) could improve cognition and academic performance of schoolchildren despite the improvements in school enrolment. We compared the nutrient intake adequacy and Fe and nutritional status of SFP and non-SFP participants in a cross-sectional survey involving 383 schoolchildren (aged 5–13 years). Quantitative 24 h recalls and weighed food records, repeated in 20 % subsample, were used to estimate energy and nutrient intakes adjusted for day-to-day variations. The probability of adequacy (PA) was calculated for selected micronutrients and the mean of all PA (MPA) was calculated. The concentrations of Hb, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and anthropometric measurements were used to determine Fe and nutritional status. Energy and nutrient intakes and their adequacies were significantly higher among SFP participants (P< 0·001). The MPA of micronutrients was significantly higher among SFP participants (0·61 v. 0·18; P< 0·001), and the multiple-micronutrient-fortified corn soya blend was a key contributor to micronutrient adequacy. In SFP participants, 6 g/l higher Hb concentrations (P< 0·001) and about 10 % points lower anaemia prevalence (P= 0·06) were observed. The concentration of sTfR was significantly lower among SFP participants (11·2 v. 124 mg/l; P= 0·04); however, there was no difference in the prevalence of Fe deficiency and Fe-deficiency anaemia between SFP and non-SFP participants. There was also no significant difference in the prevalence of thinness, underweight and stunting. In conclusion, the present results indicate that school feeding is associated with higher intakes and adequacies of energy and nutrients, but not with the prevalence of Fe and nutritional status indicators. The results also indicate an important role for micronutrient-dense foods in the achievement of micronutrient adequacy within SFP.

COMPARISON OF PERIODONTAL STATUS AMONG MILD, MODERATE AND HEAVY SMOKERS IN FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Siti Muthi’atun Naila ◽  
Pitu Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Periodontal Status ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Periodontal Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Smoking is associated with a wide spectrum of disease including systemic diseases such as cancer, lung,and cardiovascular disease. Smoking is one of the risk factors that cause the severity of periodontal disease which is influenced by the number of cigarettes consumed per day. This study was aimed to analyze the comparison among periodontal status in mild, moderate, and heavy smokers in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This study was an observational analytic study with the cross-sectional approach,and sampling was done by purposive sampling method. This study was held in PeriodonticsInstallation, USU Dental Hospital (RSGM USU) with a total number of 80 sampleswas selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A questionnaire and informed consent form were distributed to the samples at the beginning of the study followed by oral examination such as Periodontal Index Russell. The analysis data was performed by one way ANOVA test to show the differences in periodontal status among mild, moderate, and heavy smokers. The results showed that there was a significant difference among the mean of periodontal index scores in mild, moderate, and heavy smokers (p<0,05). As a conclusion,the more cigarettes consumed the worse of periodontal status.

scholarly journals Assessment of breakthrough infections among post-vaccinated healthcare workers in a Tertiary Dental Hospital in New Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepmala Maurya ◽  
Arundeep Kaur ◽  
Farrukh Faraz ◽  
Shruti Tandon ◽  
Anju Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Body Ache

Background: COVID-19 vaccination in India has been rolled out on a national level, with healthcare workers (HCWs) becoming the first recipient of both Covishield and Covaxin. However, concerns over efficacy of vaccines have been much debated. This study highlights COVID-19 infections among vaccinated HCWs in a teaching dental hospital in Delhi, India. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a pretested, validated, self-instituted questionnaire assessing COVID-19 like symptoms and/or confirmed infections among partially or fully vaccinated HCWs (all faculty, staff and students) of the institute from 16th January to 31st July 2021. The number of infections was also matched with hospital records. Results: Out of 397 HCWs, 386 (97.2%) were vaccinated and 355 (89.4%) had received both doses. COVID-19 like symptoms appeared in 21 HCWs (5.4%) post any dose of vaccine. Symptomatic breakthrough infections >14 days after second dose occurred was seen in 16 HCWs (4.5%). Except one (required hospitalization), all other cases had mild infection. No significant difference was observed between Covishield and Covaxin. Most common symptom was fever and body ache. Conclusion: The study identifies the possibility of breakthrough infections among vaccinated HCWs, and ensures the impact of vaccination in limiting disease severity. The findings suggest that COVID-19 preventive measures should be continued even among vaccinated individuals.

Assessment of Agility in Elderly Population of Islamabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Maheen Khan ◽  
Sana Bashir ◽  
Humaira Hussain ◽  
Tayyaba Saman ◽  
Rida Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Missing Data Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Background: Agility is considered as one of the important components of physical fitness. In older adults, it is of utmost importance in response to any stimulus. The objective of this study was to determine normative values of agility in elderly population of Islamabad. Methods: A Cross-Sectional Survey was conducted in community settings of Islamabad from February–July 2019 after approval by the Ethical Review Committee of Foundation University Islamabad.  The calculated sample size was found to be 267, but due to missing data, analysis was done on 250(100 females and 150 males).   Participants were selected by convenient sampling. Physically independent participants were included and diseased population (severe musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary disorders), decreased functional status affecting hearing, vision, memory recall was excluded from the study. PAR-Q was utilized in uncovering any possible health risks linked to exercise. For evaluation of agility, the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance (AAHPERD) Agility Test was performed. Agility scoring is based on time in seconds, with higher score representing less agility, and agility score of less than 62 represents good agility. Data were analyzed through SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age, BMI and agility score of participants were 60.7±5.81 years, 26±4.30 kg/m² and 22.42±5.2 respectively. There was significant difference (P<0.001) in agility between males and females, with the mean agility score higher in females as compared to males. Similarly, Agility score was significantly high in females as compared to males in BMI range of 18.5 to >30 and all age categories. Conclusion: Elderly population of Pakistan has good agility score

scholarly journals Patient Satisfaction with Community Pharmacies Services: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Punjab; Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Wenjing Ji ◽  
Imran Masood ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Pharmacy Services ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Patient satisfaction can identify specific areas of improvement in community pharmacy services. Currently in Pakistan, no evidence exists in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the needs of patients and the current standards of pharmacies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and June 2017. A pilot tested questionnaire was used to collected the data from 1088 patients of 544 community pharmacies. Likert scale and one way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: The response rate of community pharmacies was 80% and that of purchasers was 68.1%. The mean age of participants was 35.2 years. The mean overall satisfaction score of participants was 2.78/5.00. Many patients were dissatisfied (1.65/5.00) with parking facilities provided by pharmacies. Pharmacy service time fulfilled the requirements of most patients (4.16/5.00). The counseling person’s good attitude (3.99/5.00) was credited by purchasers. Level of patient satisfaction with the availability of medicines (3.19/5.00), safe storage of medicines in pharmacy stores (3.66/5.00), and quality of medicines (3.41/5.00) were almost moderate. Many patients were very satisfied (4.35/5.00) with readable instructions for their medications. Approximately half of the patients were dissatisfied with the waiting time. Many patients were also dissatisfied (2.28/5.00) with the knowledge of the counseling person. Patients perceived that staff interest in patient recovery (2.24/5.00) was low. No significant difference in level of satisfaction with regard to participant’s characteristics was found. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated a low level of patient satisfaction with regard to community pharmacy services in Pakistan. These services need improvement.

A cross-sectional study on knowledge and attitude toward Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) among adults in selected regions of Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
Kingston Rajiah ◽  
Sajesh Kalkandi Veettil ◽  
Ng Sze Wei
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine the knowledge and attitude of adult Malaysians about Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), to understand the variation in the knowledge and attitude toward TCM among different demographic groups of adult Malaysian population and to determine the pattern of TCM use among adult Malaysians.: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey using the convenience sampling method. A total of 400 adult Malaysians were recruited for this study. An interview-administered questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were used to analyze the data. The reliability of survey data in this study may affect since closed-ended questions are used.: The more commonly utilized therapy was herbal medicine (n=192, 82.1%), acupuncture (n=79, 33.8%) and oriental massage (n=58, 24.8%). The mean knowledge score and mean attitude score for the respondents were 5.00±1.71 and 7.17±2.10 respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean knowledge score between genders, among TCM users and non-TCM users, people of different education levels and ethnicity.: There were more TCM users than non-TCM users and the use of TCM was higher in females than males. The most popularly used TCM modalities were herbal medicines and acupuncture. Gender, education, ethnicity and use of TCM had a significant effect on adults’ knowledge toward TCM.

AWARENESS ABOUT INDOOR AIR POLLUTION IN GENERAL POPULATION OF RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Nadia Tariq ◽  
Tamkeen Jaffry ◽  
Rahma Fiaz ◽  
Abdul Majid Rajput ◽  
Sadaf Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
General Population ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Indoor air pollutants are increasingly being associated with respiratory illnesses leading to high degree of morbidity and mortality. There are not sufficient epidemiological studies from Pakistan which assess level of awareness of indoor air pollution resulting in respiratory diseases in population. Methods: This cross sectional survey was carried out on general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Sample size was 223 study subjects selected by non-probability convenient sampling. Knowledge of the study subjects was determined with regard to indoor air pollution, its effects on health and different sources of indoor air pollution with the help of a questionnaire. The influence of age, gender, educational status and socio economic status on the level of awareness was also analyzed. Results: Out of total 223 participants, 115 were males and108 females. Participants aware of indoor air pollution were 91.5% and adequate awareness about its sources was 80.7%. Those who knew indoor air pollution is detrimental to health were 95.1%. Awareness about building construction dust as source of indoor air pollution was maximum (84.8%). There was significant difference in awareness among participants with different monthly incomes and educational status and also between males and females. Conclusion: This study concludes that general population of Rawalpindi/Islamabad has fairly good awareness about sources of indoor air pollution. Use of harmful material causing indoor air pollution should be limited or substituted with better ones where possible.

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

scholarly journals Gender-wise Comparative Assessment of Lifestyle Patterns and Well-being Status among Healthcare Employees at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanajakshamma Velam ◽  
Vyshnavi Kancherla ◽  
Latheef Kasala ◽  
Anusha Kancherla ◽  
Mounica Reddy Pillaram
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background This study was an attempt to assess and compare the gender-wise lifestyle patterns and well-being status among the employees of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital between May and August 2019. A total of 777 employees belonging to both genders (male and female) and working at different professional levels were assessed. All the enrolled employees were subjected to a comprehensive study tool consisting of various dimensions of their health, which included physical, mental, social, spiritual and intellectual health dimensions. Results Among the participants, 327 (42.1%) were male and 450 (57.9%) were female. There was no significant difference in the mean age of male (37.91 ± 7.52) and female (36.85 ± 8.16) employees (p = 0.07). A significantly higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension were seen in male employees (9.8% and 14.4%, respectively) than in female (5.6% and 6.2% respectively). The overall well-being was better in male employees than in females and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). We found that male employees had statistically significant better well-being in terms of physical, mental and social health whereas female employees had intellectual health. Conclusion The overall well-being in healthcare staff was good at our tertiary care hospital, and the outstanding/good well-being rate was higher in male employees than in female employees. Female employees experienced risks with regard to their physical health.

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