COMPARISON OF PERIODONTAL STATUS AMONG  MILD, MODERATE AND HEAVY SMOKERS IN  FACULTY OF DENTISTRY,  UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Smoking is associated with a wide spectrum of disease including systemic diseases such as cancer, lung,and cardiovascular disease. Smoking is one of the risk factors that cause the severity of periodontal disease which is influenced by the number of cigarettes consumed per day. This study was aimed to analyze the comparison among periodontal status in mild, moderate, and heavy smokers in the Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. This study was an observational analytic study with the cross-sectional approach,and sampling was done by purposive sampling method. This study was held in PeriodonticsInstallation, USU Dental Hospital (RSGM USU) with a total number of 80 sampleswas selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. A questionnaire and informed consent form were distributed to the samples at the beginning of the study followed by oral examination such as Periodontal Index Russell. The analysis data was performed by one way ANOVA test to show the differences in periodontal status among mild, moderate, and heavy smokers. The results showed that there was a significant difference among the mean of periodontal index scores in mild, moderate, and heavy smokers (p<0,05). As a conclusion,the more cigarettes consumed the worse of periodontal status.

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Prevalence of dental caries among 3 to 11 years old children in Lahore

10.53350/pjmhs211561218 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1218-1220

Author(s):

A. I. Rana ◽

S. Rana ◽

A. U. Hassan ◽

F. Ahmad ◽

A. Anwaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Middle Class ◽

Medical College ◽

Informed Consent Form ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Education Status

Aim: To determine frequency of dental caries in mal-occluded teeth among children 3-11 years of age and compare dental caries in children with mal-occluded teeth Methodology: This cross sectional analytical study using purposive sampling technique was carried out at Dental hospital of Institute of dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore for 09 months After permission from institute of dentistry, CMH Lahore medical college and informed consent form participants or their parents/ guardian, they were included as male and female children aged 3-11 years that attended dental hospital of Institute of dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College for dental treatment and had mal-occluded teeth. Children with mental, physical disabilities and whose parents/ guardian refused to take part were excluded. Dental caries in mal-occluded teeth of children was examined to report the frequency of dental caries. SPSS version 23 was used for analysis data. Results: Among the total of 330 patients included in the study, dental caries was observed in 260 (78.8%) of patients. Conclusion(s): Significant associations of dental caries were observed in terms of gender and age, monthly income, interventional urgency, and occupation and education status. Higher frequency of dental caries was observed in the upper middle and lower middle class groups. Keywords: Dental caries, Mal-occlusion, Pre-school children, Dental treatment

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Prevalence of dental caries among 3 to 11 years old children in Lahore

10.53350/pjmhs211571575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 1575-1577

Author(s):

Adeel Ijaz Rana ◽

Saleem Rana ◽

Arooj Ul Hassan ◽

Fareed Ahmad ◽

Ali Anwaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Middle Class ◽

Medical College ◽

Informed Consent Form ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Education Status

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Clinical Epidemiology and Paraclinical Findings in Tuberculosis Patients in North of Iran

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/381572 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Farhang Babamahmoodi ◽

Ahmad Alikhani ◽

Jamshid Yazdani Charati ◽

Amir Ghovvati ◽

Fatemeh Ahangarkani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Epidemiology ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

North Of Iran ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Mean Time

Background. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.TB) causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. The prevalence of TB is different in various parts of Iran and throughout the world. The present study aimed to determine the clinical epidemiology and paraclinical findings of TB. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2013. Patient demographic, clinical, and radiologic characteristics, picked up from the TB patient’s files, were collected using a standard questionnaire format. Data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS version 16 statistical software and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of 212 patients enrolled in this study 62% were male and the mean age was about 50 years old. 98.6% were Iranian, and 46.2% were rural. Prevalence of smear-positive TB was 66.4%. Prevalence of positive PPD was 50.7% with no significant difference between HIV-positive and -negative patients (P = 0.8). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 17%. 36% of the patients had history of smoking and about 29.3% were addicted to narcotics. Cough was the most common symptom (94.5%) and 84% had sputum. 15 cases (7%) had extrapulmonary TB. The mean time between the onset of symptoms and admission was 46.5 days. The delay for admission between urban and rural populations was not significantly different (P = 0.68); but for those who were in prison, the delay was significant (P = 0.02). About 46% of the patients had cavitary lesions in CXRs. Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of TB especially in prisoners by understanding its most important epidemiologic characteristics and clinical features can help to make an early treatment and prevent spread of mycobacteria and their complications.

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Nicotine Dependence and Periodontal Status among Tobacco Users in a Dental Hospital of Kathmandu Valley

Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology ◽

10.3126/jnspoi.v4i2.34235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 78-82

Author(s):

Sirjana Dahal ◽

Prakash Poudel ◽

Shradha Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Kathmandu Valley ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Dental Hospital

Introduction: Tobacco use in any form (smoking or smokeless) has been recognised to be a significant risk factor for the development and progression of periodontal disease. Objective: To assess the nicotine dependence and periodontal status among tobacco users of a dental hospital of Kathmandu Valley and determine their association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 164 tobacco users visiting a dental hospital of Kathmandu. Nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Their periodontal status was examined using community periodontal index and loss of attachment. Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and analysed in IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20. Mean, standard deviation, proportion, and percentage were calculated depending upon the nature of data. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine the association between different variables. Results: Most of the tobacco smokers (34, 63.0%), chewers (12, 48.0%), and dual users (smoke=55, 64.7%; smokeless= 46, 54.1%) in this study showed low nicotine dependence. Majority of the tobacco users surveyed had periodontal pocket of 4-5 mm (73, 44.5%) and loss of attachment of 6-8 mm (79, 48.2%). Tobacco smokers and chewers having moderate or high nicotine dependence had periodontitis significantly higher than those who had low dependence. Conclusion: The findings in this study conclude that most of the individuals using tobacco in any form have periodontal diseases. Nicotine dependence is significantly associated with increased periodontal breakdown.

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Aesthetic evaluation of lip position with respect to profile divergence: A silhouette based study.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.11.6719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (11) ◽

pp. 1640-1644

Author(s):

Muhammad Ilyas ◽

Asmi Shaheen ◽

Muhammad Usman Khalid ◽

Maria Tanveer ◽

Ansar Bilal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Aesthetic Evaluation ◽

Lay Persons ◽

Ideal Position ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

The Mean ◽

Different Levels ◽

Significant Bearing

Objective: To determine the mean attractiveness and score of lip position that is rated by orthodontists and lay persons in different levels of profile divergence as seen in silhouette images. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Punjab Dental Hospital/de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore. Period: January 2020 to July 2020. Material & Methods: Lay people were selected from the hospital and orthodontic postgraduate trainees were selected from the college. An ideal profile image was constructed and converted to silhouette. By changing position of subnasale and soft tissue pogonion horizontally in relation to true vertical line, divergence of profile was changed and 3 forms of straight/normal profile were created. Three sets of profiles were created (1 anterior divergent, 2 straight divergent, 3 posterior divergent) and each set consisted of 5 images with different degrees of lip protrusion. Results: There were 50% of both genders in orthodontists and 48% males and 52% females in lay person with mean ages 28.74±2.55 and 34.66±7.30 years respectively were part of the study. There was significant difference found between orthodontists and lay person for anterior divergent profile with normal position (4.54±0.61 and 4.68±0.47 with P<0.05). Conclusion: The normal lip position is viewed as the most ideal position; however the same does not have any significant bearing to the straight divergent profile, in which the assessments of various groups were uncertain.

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Impact of incarceration on nutritional status and oral health among male inmates of central jail of Jaipur city, India

Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria ◽

10.18176/resp.00018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 96-103

Author(s):

A Sharma ◽

S Parkar ◽

A Gaur ◽

B Bagri

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Periodontal Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Male Inmates ◽

The Impact ◽

Jaipur City

Aim: Prison is an especially difficult environment for promoting oral health and leads to the exacerbation of unhealthy behaviors. This study set out to assess the impact of incarceration on nutritional status and oral health among the male prison inmates of Central Jail of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Material and method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 male inmates. Dental caries and periodontal status were assessed by using modified the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment (LOA) index as per the WHO methodology 1997. Nutritional status was assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and weight (kg)/height (m2). Results: Out of 181 inmates, 141 (77.90%) had normal BMI. The majority (n=128, 70.70%) of inmates were incarcerated for less than 6 years. A significant difference (P<0.05) was found between age and periodontal status. A significant difference was observed (P<0.05) in the CPI score 3 and LOA 0 and 1 score. However, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed in DMFT and period of incarceration. Age was the significant (P<0.001) risk factor for CPI and LOA. Discussion: Dental caries and periodontal health deteriorates with age and period of incarceration. Oral hygiene maintenance along with comprehensive oral care can be accomplished by establishing dental care facilities in prisons.

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Gender-wise Comparative Assessment of Lifestyle Patterns and Well-being Status among Healthcare Employees at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Indian Journal of Cardiovascular Disease in Women WINCARS ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1727578 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanajakshamma Velam ◽

Vyshnavi Kancherla ◽

Latheef Kasala ◽

Anusha Kancherla ◽

Mounica Reddy Pillaram

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Female Employees ◽

The Mean ◽

Lifestyle Patterns ◽

Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background This study was an attempt to assess and compare the gender-wise lifestyle patterns and well-being status among the employees of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital between May and August 2019. A total of 777 employees belonging to both genders (male and female) and working at different professional levels were assessed. All the enrolled employees were subjected to a comprehensive study tool consisting of various dimensions of their health, which included physical, mental, social, spiritual and intellectual health dimensions. Results Among the participants, 327 (42.1%) were male and 450 (57.9%) were female. There was no significant difference in the mean age of male (37.91 ± 7.52) and female (36.85 ± 8.16) employees (p = 0.07). A significantly higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension were seen in male employees (9.8% and 14.4%, respectively) than in female (5.6% and 6.2% respectively). The overall well-being was better in male employees than in females and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). We found that male employees had statistically significant better well-being in terms of physical, mental and social health whereas female employees had intellectual health. Conclusion The overall well-being in healthcare staff was good at our tertiary care hospital, and the outstanding/good well-being rate was higher in male employees than in female employees. Female employees experienced risks with regard to their physical health.

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Emotional Bonding and Sexual Activity During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-National Pilot Study

Journal of Psychosexual Health ◽

10.1177/26318318211027482 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 263183182110274

Author(s):

Deblina Roy ◽

Sujita Kumar Kar ◽

SM Yasir Arafat ◽

Pawan Sharma ◽

Russell Kabir

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Sexual Relationships ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emotional Bonding ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Study Participants

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have affected the sexuality and emotional bonding among the couple across the world. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the married people’s emotional bonding and sexual relationships in 3 south Asian counties (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Bangladesh, India, and Nepal residents from April 3 to April 15, 2020. The survey was designed in English. The participants were selected through convenience sampling technique, the link of the online questionnaire was shared with the participants. Only participants older than 18 years and above, married, and living with their spouses were included in the study. Results: A total number of 120 respondents were included finally for analysis from the participating countries (India, Nepal, and Bangladesh). The mean age of the participants was 35.42 (±5.73) years; the majority were males under the age of 40 years and had completed postgraduation as their qualification. Among the study participants, more than half (53.8%) of the women reported being sexually active during the lockdown, whereas 41% of the men reported being sexually active. Among the sexually active participants, most women (57.7%) reported that they perceived positive emotional bonding with their partners. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference observed when compared with men. There are variations in responses. However, no significant association was identified. Conclusion: There are a few insights from the study, that is, there was no significant difference found in almost 3 countries in emotional intimacy. There had been a trend that there is improved emotional bonding with their partners, although no significant difference was observed.

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Interleukin-37 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: does its relation to disease activity suggest its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis therapy?

Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s43166-021-00065-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eman A. Baraka ◽

Mona G. Balata ◽

Shereen H. Ahmed ◽

Afaf F. Khamis ◽

Enas A. Elattar

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Tender Joint ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background This study aimed to measure the serum and synovial interleukin (IL)-37 levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (PKOA) and healthy controls and to detect its relation to RA disease activity. Results This cross-sectional study included 50 RA patients with a mean age of 40.24 ± 8.62 years, 50 patients with PKOA with a mean age of 56.69 ± 4.21, and 40 healthy controls with a mean age of 41.75 ± 7.38 years. The mean serum IL-37 level in the RA patients (382.6 ± 73.97 pg/ml) was statistically significantly (P < 0.001) the highest among the studied groups; however, it showed a non-significant difference between the PKOA patients (70.38 ± 27.49 pg/ml) and the healthy controls (69.97 ± 25.12 pg/ml) (P > 0.94). Both serum and synovial IL-37 levels were significantly positively correlated with disease activity scores (r = 0.92, P< 0.001 and r = 0.85, P < 0.001), tender joint counts (r = 0.83, P < 0.001 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001 ), swollen joint counts (r = 0.72, P < 0.001 and r = 0.60, P < 0.001), visual analog scale (r = 0.82, P < 0.001 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.75, P < 0.001 and r = 0.65, P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (r = 0.93, P < 0.001 and r = 0.79, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Serum and synovial IL-37 were significantly elevated in the RA patients, and they were closely correlated. Being less invasive, the serum IL-37 could be a marker of disease activity and could reflect the effective disease control by drugs. Having an anti-inflammatory effect could not suggest IL-37 as the key player to control inflammation alone, but its combination with other anti-proinflammatory cytokines could be investigated.

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The relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses

Clinical Ethics ◽

10.1177/14777509211040183 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147775092110401

Author(s):

Mahsa Dadkhah-Tehrani ◽

Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery

Keyword(s):

Personal Characteristics ◽

Codes Of Ethics ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Perceived Workload ◽

Professional Codes ◽

The Mean ◽

Professional Codes Of Ethics ◽

The Relationship

Background Many studies have investigated the adherence to professional codes of ethics by nurses. However, no study has explicitly examined the relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among Iranian nurses. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 213 nurses who were randomly selected from the different wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data collection instruments included a personal characteristics questionnaire, the Nursing Ethics Questionnaire, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. The Chi-square, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results A majority of nurses were females (77.5%), married (79.3%), and permanently employed (55.4%). The mean of the overall perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics were 76.36 ± 13.64 and 13.98 ± 2.58, that were at high and moderated level, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed no significant correlation between perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics ( r = 0.03, P = 0.6). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to professional codes of ethics in nurses working in different departments ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Participating nurses perceived high levels of workload but their mean adherence to professional codes of ethics was at a moderate level. The perceived workload was indirectly correlated with adherence to professional codes of ethics.

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