scholarly journals Speciation and Sources of Toxic Metals in Sediments of Lake Chapala, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Trujillo-Cárdenas ◽  
Nereida P. Saucedo-Torres ◽  
Pedro Faustino Zárate del Valle ◽  
Nely Ríos-Donato ◽  
Eduardo Mendizábal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Lake Chapala ◽  
Very High

Heavy metals chemical speciation in Lake Chapala sediments was studied using sequential extraction to assess the mobility of potentially biotoxic metals and to elucidate their sources. Lake water quality was also studied. Results show Cd, Pb, Cr present in exchangeable and carbonate fractions indicating anthropogenic origin. An ecologic history indicates anthropogenic sources of Cd, Pb, Cr during 1960-2006. Risk Assessment Code indicates very high risk of pollution for water column due to high potential detachment of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Sequential extraction and risk assessment of pollutants from one major tributary of the Ganga

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Pokhraj Sahu ◽  
Markandeya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bed Sediments ◽  
Gomti River

Abstract The geochemical fractionation of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe and Zn was investigated in 10 different sites of river bed sediments (up, mid and downstream) of Gomti River at Lucknow city. Sequential extraction technique was used to identify the distribution of trace elements binding in different fractions i.e., exchangeable, carbonate, Fe and Mn oxide, organic matter and residual. Heavy metal concentrations were least at upstream and significantly higher in mid and downstream. Fractionation indicated that dominant metals were bound in residual fraction to the bed sediments except for Cd and Pb which were bound in an equivalent fraction. Geo-accumulation index factor reveals that the enrichment of heavy metals in the bio-available fraction is contributed anthropogenically. Hierarchical cluster analysis also shows the metal pollution load in the river. Risk assessment code of Cd and Ni showed very high risk (ranged from 54.41 to 85.56 and 20.57 to 44.92 respectively) followed by Pb (high risk), Zn, Co (medium risk), Cr, Mn, Cu, Fe (low risk) in Gomti River water. Further, concentrations of Cd and Pb at mid Lucknow were 31 and 75%, high enough to pose a substantial risk to the environment.

scholarly journals Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediment from Bohai Bay, China

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Wensi Zhang ◽  
Guangxi Chi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Residual Fraction ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
The Core

Sediment core and porewater samples from the Western coastal tidal flat in Bohai Bay, China, were collected for meals and physical-chemical properties analysis. The vertical distribution characteristics of eight metals along the core was investigated based on 137Cs and 210Pb radionuclide dating. The chemical fractions of six metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd) were also measured based on the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedures to better understand the mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the sediment. In addition, geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and risk assessment code (RAC) are used to assess risk status of these metals in the environment. 210Pb measurement indicates a sedimentation rate of about −1.87 cm∙year−1. The metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Ni show similar vertical distributions throughout the core, while Mn and Cd show different distribution patterns. Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn are strongly associated with the residual fraction while Mn and Cd are dominant in the acid-soluble fraction. According to the estimated diffusive fluxes, the Zn ions were the most mobilized, followed by Cu, Ni, Pb, and to a lesser extent Cd. The result of Igeo shows that Ni in sediments does not reflect any pollution, and Cu, Pb and Zn are in a level from unpolluted to modest polluted throughout the core. Mn and Cd have obvious anthropogenic sources. Based on the RAC, Cd and Mn pose a high to very high risk to the local environment, respectively, due to the significant percentage of exchangeable fraction. Clay content is significantly positively correlated with Ni, Cu, Al and Fe, and Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni might originate from the same sources or be influenced by similar geochemical processes. River runoff and atmospheric deposition are important sources for heavy metals, and since 1998, domestic sewage discharge might have had an important influence on the source of heavy metals (except for Cd and Mn).

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Assessment of Petroleum Activities in Surface Sediments, Suez Gulf, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Magda M. Abou El-Safa ◽  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
Ashwaq M. Alnemari ◽  
Mohammed H. Almarshadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Suez Gulf

The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems by evaluating the current situation of heavy metals in seven locations (North Amer El Bahry, Amer, Bakr, Ras Gharib, July Water Floud, Ras Shokeir, and El Marageen) along the Suez Gulf coast that are well-known representative sites for petroleum activities in Egypt. One hundred and forty-six samples of surface sediments were carefully collected from twenty-seven profiles in the intertidal and surf zone. The hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and salinity (S‰), were measured during sample collection. The mineralogy study was carried out by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). The ecological risks of heavy metals were assessed by applying the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The mineralogical composition mainly comprised quartz, dolomites, calcite, and feldspars. The average concentrations of the detected heavy metals, in descending order, were Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd. A non-significant or negative relationship between the heavy metal concentration in the samples and their textural grain size characteristics was observed. The coastal surface sediment samples of the Suez Gulf contained lower concentrations of heavy metals than those published for other regions in the world with petroleum activities, except for Al, Mn, and Cr. The results for the CF, EF, and Igeo showed that Cd and Pb have severe enrichment in surface sediment and are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn originate from natural sources. By comparison, the PLI and RI results indicate that the North Amer El Bahry and July Water Floud are considered polluted areas due to their petroleum activities. The continuous monitoring and assessment of pollutants in the Suez Gulf will aid in the protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources.

scholarly journals Reforestation Impacted Soil Heavy Metal Fractionation and Related Risk Assessment in the Karst Area, Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Xingliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽  
Soil Heavy Metals

Human agricultural activities have resulted in widespread land degradation and soil contamination in the karst areas. However, the effects of reforestation after agricultural abandonment on the mobility risks and contamination of heavy metals have been rarely reported. In the present study, six soil profiles were selected from cropland and abandoned cropland with reforestation in the Puding karst regions of Southwest China. The Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method was used to evaluate the compositions of different chemical fractions of soil heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd. The total contents of Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Mn in the croplands were significantly higher than those in the abandoned croplands. For all soils, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Fe were mainly concentrated in the residual fractions (>85%), whereas Mn and Cd were mostly observed in the non-residual fractions (>65%). The non-residual fractions of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in the croplands were higher than those in the abandoned croplands. These results indicated that the content and mobility of soil heavy metals decreased after reforestation. The individual contamination factor (ICF) and risk assessment code (RAC) showed that Cd contributed to considerable contamination of karst soils. The global contamination factor (GCF) and potential ecological risk index (RI) suggested low contamination and ecological risk of the investigated heavy metals in the croplands, moreover they can be further reduced after reforestation.

Cardiovascular risk assessment in diabetes and pre-diabetes

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 923-924
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Marx
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Very High

Patients with diabetes exhibit an increased propensity to develop cardiovascular disease with an increased mortality. Early risk assessment, especially for coronary artery disease, is important to initiate therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk. This chapter reviews the current literature on risk scores in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and summarizes the role of risk assessment based on biomarkers and different imaging strategies. Current guidelines recommend that patients with diabetes are characterized as high-risk or very high-risk patients. In the presence of target organ damage or other risk factors such as smoking, marked hypercholesterolaemia, or hypertension, patients with diabetes are classified as very high-risk patients while most other people with diabetes are categorized as high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Distribution, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment in Huixian Wetland, South China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Liangliang Huang ◽  
Saeed Rad ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Liangying Gui ◽  
Xiaohong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
South China ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources

This research has focused on the source identification, concentration, and ecological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in the largest karst wetland (Huixian) of south China. Numerous samples from superficial soil and sediment within ten representative landuse types were collected and examined, and the results were analyzed using multiple methods. Single pollution index (Pi) results were underpinned by the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) method, in which Cd was observed as the priority pollutant with the highest contamination degree in this area. As for the most polluted landuse type, via applying Nemerow’s synthetical contamination index (PN) and Potential ecological risk index (RI), the river and rape field posed the highest ecological risks, while moderate for the rest. To quantify the drivers of the contaminants, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out and weathering of the watershed’s parent carbonate rocks was found to be the main possible origin, followed by anthropogenic sources induced by agricultural fertilizer. Considering the impacts of these potentially toxic elements on public health, the results of this study are essential to take preventive actions for environmental protection and sustainable development in the region.

scholarly journals Arsenic and heavy metals contamination, risk assessment and their source in drinking water of the Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Gul ◽  
Mohammad Tahir Shah ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Nimat Ullah Khattak ◽  
Said Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Guideline Values

The present study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical characteristics in drinking water of Mardan District, Pakistan. Furthermore, water quality was evaluated for the risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metals (HMs) and their contamination sources. Representative groundwater samples of shallow and deep sources were collected in the study area. These samples were analyzed for physical parameters, anions, light metals (LMs) and HMs. Results were compared with the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization and the US Environmental Protection Agency. Average concentrations of anions, LMs and HMs were found within the maximum allowable contaminant levels except for bicarbonates, Fe, Cu, and Pb. Results revealed that hazard quotients >1 were observed for shallow groundwater for 10% samples only, suggesting potential health risk from water consumption. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed a relationship among various physico-chemical parameters in both shallow and deep groundwater. Statistical analyses suggested the geogenic and anthropogenic sources for possible enhancement of various physico-chemical parameters in the aquifer system of the study area.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Urban Road Dust From Shenyang, a Heavy Industrial City in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengwu Cui ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Rui Yu ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Nana Luo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Industrial City

Abstract 124 road dust samples were collected from an urban area of Shenyang, a typical heavily industrial city in Northeast China, to study the concentration, pollution level, source, spatial distribution, and health risk of heavy metals. The average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 1.802, 132.1, 60.33, 778.3, 54.80, 86.73, and 391.2 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of metal pollution ranged from minimal to extremely high, with average levels in the ranked order: Mn < Ni < Cr < Cu < Pb < Zn < Cd, indicating that the road dust was heavily polluted by Cd, Zn, and Pb. Source identification results demonstrated that Cr, Mn, and Ni had mixed sources including industrial emissions and weathering of soil, pavements, and building materials, while Cu, Pb, and Zn mainly originated from traffic and industrial activities, and Cd had a complex mixture of sources (with various anthropogenic sources). Hotspots of heavy metal pollution levels were closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as industrial discharge, traffic-related exhaust emissions, and agricultural activities. Furthermore, health risk assessment revealed significant non-carcinogenic risks for children from multiple metals, and the carcinogenic risk assessment identified significant risks for children from Cd, with ingestion being the main exposure pathway for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk for adults and children. However, no health risk was observed due to dermal and inhalation exposure pathways.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation of dissolved heavy metals in the Lijiang River China: Implication of rainstorm on drinking water quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Deng ◽  
Asfandyar Shahab ◽  
He Xiao ◽  
Jieyue Li ◽  
Saeed Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Lijiang River ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals

Abstract Lijiang River is an essential drinking water source and natural scenery in the Guilin City. For the first time, implications of rainstorm were taken into consideration by investigating spatial and temporal variation of dissolved heavy metals (HMs) in the Lijiang River water. A total of 68 water samples were collected during low flow (normal) season and high flow (rainstorm) season from 34 sampling sites. Dissolved HMs including Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb were found to meet the respective drinking water standards, while higher concentration was observed after the rainstorm season, except for Cr. Multivariate statistical analysis showed Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, Sb, and Pb in normal season are mainly controlled by anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, higher concentration of Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and Zn during the high flow season is attributed to rainstorm. The water quality index (WQI) showed good grades, and comparatively lower in rainstorm season. The results of health risk assessment revealed that HMs in Lijiang River pose limited health risk, however, As poses potential health risk during rainstorm season. It is suggested to adopt preventive measures in mining activities and industrial waste-water discharge at the river’s upstream and downstream.

scholarly journals ERGONOMIC RISK ASSESSMENT ON SELECTED HOT-WORK WORKERS AT COMPANY XXX

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (Special1) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Sivabalan Sanmugum ◽  
Karmegam Karuppiah ◽  
Sivasankar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ergonomic Risk Assessment ◽  
Ergonomic Risk

Company XXX is a factory that involving manufacturing of offshore containers in where the hot works are one of the crucial activities in fabrication and structuring the framework of the containers. This study had been conducted at hot work section to conduct initial and advanced ergonomic risk assessment to identify ergonomic risk factors involved among hot-work workers which cause the significant number of reports on ergonomic related health issues at hot works area from the year 2011 to year 2017. The initial and advanced ergonomic risk assessment had been conducted based on DOSH latest release of guideline on ergonomic risk assessment 2017 and all findings had been tabulated and analysed. Based on the intial ergonomic assessment, total score achived is 17.7 with main risk factors identified through the hot work acticties are including awkward postures, repetitive motions, static and sustained work postures, vibration, insufficient ventilation, exposure of noise and working in extreme temperature. Based on Advanced ERA conducted on selected 3 workers, the study shows Muscle Fatigue Assessment (MFA) with average score for risk level shown ‘High’ and ‘Very High’ categories, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) with average total score more than 10 which categorized as ‘High Risk’ and Quick Exposure Check (QEC) which shown the workers have very high risk for back and shoulder or arm parts with score level are between 29 to 40 for back static and  41 to 56 for shoulder and arm parts. Based on results of the assessment, company XXX recommended had been to conduct further investigation for improvements to determine effective control measure for the work process in order to reduce that risk level towards the hot work workers.

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