scholarly journals Bioética: Das origens a alguns desafios contemporâneos

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (264) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Leo Pessini

Na primeira parte deste artigo o autor realça o pioneirismo de Van Rensselaer Potter e faz uma apreciação de sua obra a partir de dois de seus discípulos, Gerald M. Lower e Peter J. Whitehouse. Na segunda, apresenta o desenvolvimento da bioetica a partir das três edições da Encyclopedia of Bioethics e, a partir da última edição (2004), prospecta alguns desafios atuais. Finalmente, na terceira e última parte, resume os últimos desdobramentos a partir dos congressos mundiais de Sidney (2004) e Pequim (2006).Abstract: In the first part of this article the author highlights Van Rensselaer Potter’s pioneering spirit and evaluates his work through the work of his two disciples, Gerald M. Lower and Peter J. Whitehouse. In the second part, he presents the development of bioethics as discussed in the three editions of Potter’s essential work, the Encyclopaedia of Bioethics (1978, 1995 and 2004) and on the basis of its most recent edition, and in cooperation with its chief-editor, Stephen Post, he explores some of the current challenges in this area of study. Finally, in the third and last part, the latest developments since the world congresses of Sidney (2004) and Beijing (2006).

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (293) ◽  
pp. 50-77
Author(s):  
Leo Pessini

Este artigo faz uma incursão nas origens históricas da bioética, resgatando três importantes protagonistas. Um mais conhecido e reconhecido, Van Rensselaer Potter, e o outro completamente desconhecido e de quem somente muito recentemente temos notícia: o filósofo, teólogo, pastor e educador Fritz Jahr. Ficamos sabendo que a expressão Bioética foi utilizada pela primeira vez por Fritz Jahr, em 1926 e 1927, num artigo publicado na revista científica Kosmos e intitulado Bioética: uma revisão do relacionamento ético dos humanos em relação aos animais e às plantas. Jahr ampliou o conceito do imperativo kantiano e propõe o imperativo bioético: respeite todo ser vivo como princípio e fim em si mesmo e trate-o, se possível, enquanto tal. O terceiro protagonista é Hans Jonas, que elabora seu princípio da responsabilidade, pensando e elaborando uma ética frente ao crescente domínio da civilização técnico-científica. A expressão Bioéticaganhou certificado de nascimento e consolida-se nos EUA durante os anos 70 e é “exportada” para o mundo, a partir dos anos 80 do século passado, pelos trabalhos de Van Rensselaer Potter e do Instituto Kennedy de Bioética (1971), junto à Georgetown University, em Washington.Abstract: This article attempts an incursion into the historical origins of bioethics and rescues three important protagonists. The first, better known and recognized, is Van Rensselaer Potter; the second one, totally unknown and of whom we have heard only recently, is the philosopher, theologian, pastor and educator, Fritz Jahr. We come to know that the expression Bioethics was used for the first time by Fritz Jahr, in 1926 and 1927, in an article published in the scientific magazine Kosmos under the title Bioethics: A Review of the Ethical Relationships of Humans to Animals and Plants. Jahr extended Kant’s concept of moral imperative and proposed the bioethical imperative: respect every live being, as a beginning and as an end in itself and treat it, if possible, as such. The third protagonist is Hans Jonas, who develops his principle of responsibility, thinking and elaborating a type of ethics to confront the increasing domination of the techno-scientific civilization. The expression Bioethics gained a birth certificate and strengthened itself during the 1970s being exported to the world from the 1980s onwards through the works of Van Rensselaer Potter and the Kennedy Institute of Bioethics (1971) at the Georgetown University in Washington.Keywords: Bioethics. Origin. Van Rensselaer Potter. Fritz Jahr. Hans Jonas.


2006 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Moiseev

The number of classical banks in the world has reduced. In the majority of countries the number of banks does not exceed 200. The uniqueness of the Russian banking sector is that in this respect it takes the third place in the world after the USA and Germany. The paper reviews the conclusions of the economic theory about the optimum structure of the banking market. The empirical analysis shows that the number of banks in a country is influenced by the size of its territory, population number and GDP per capita. Our econometric estimate is that the equilibrium number of banks in Russia should be in a range of 180-220 units.


2006 ◽  
pp. 126-134
Author(s):  
L. Evstigneeva ◽  
R. Evstigneev

“The Third Way” concept is still widespread all over the world. Growing socio-economic uncertainty makes the authors revise the concept. In the course of discussion with other authors they introduce a synergetic vision of the problem. That means in the first place changing a linear approach to the economic research for a non-linear one.


2020 ◽  
pp. 49-81
Author(s):  
Bruno Van der Maat

The current pandemic has seen some adverse reactions from the most diverse religious groups all over the world to government regulations. After having described some of their manifestations, this contribution analyzes what the Bible and some post biblical (patristic and Talmudic) traditions say about illness and pandemics. As it is ascertained that these sources contain very limited material on these subjects, the third part of this article proposes some ethical reflections regarding the official response to the pandemic as well as some pastoral implications. Key Words: Pandemic, Religion, Bible, Talmud, Pastoral Care.


Author(s):  
Larisa V. Kalashnikova

The article enlightens the probem of nonsense and its role in the development of creative thinking and fantasy, and the way how the interpretation of nonsense affects children imagination. The function of imagination inherent to a person, and especially to a child, has a powerful potential – to create artificially new metaphorical models, absurd and most incredible situations based on self-amazement. Children are able to measure the properties of unfamiliar objects with the properties of known things. It is not difficult for small researchers to replace incomprehensible meanings with familiar ones; to think over situations, to make analogies, to transfer signs and properties of one object to another. The problem of nonsense research is interesting and relevant. The element of the game is an integral component of nonsense. In the process of playing, children cognize the world, learn to interact with the world, imitating the adults behavior. Imagination and fantasy help the child to invent his own rules of the game, to choose language elements that best suit his ideas. The child uses the learned productive models of the language system to create their own models and their own language, attracting language signs: words, morphs, sentences. Children’s dictionary stimulates word formation and language nomination processes. Nonsense-words are the result of children’s dictionary, speech errors and occazional formations, presented in the form of contamination, phonetic transformations, lexical substitution, implemented on certain models. The first two models are phonetic imitation and hybrid speech, based on the natural language model. The third model of designing nonsense is represented by words that have no meaning at all and can be attributed to words-portmonaie. Due to the flexibility of interframe relationships and the lack of algorithmic thinking, children can not only capture the implicit similarity of objects and phenomena, but also create it through their imagination. Interpretation of nonsense is an effective method of developing imagination in children, because metaphors, nonsense as a means of creating new meanings, modeling new content from fragments of one’s own experience, are a powerful incentive for creative thinking.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Раиса Николаевна Афонина ◽  
Татьяна Степановна Малолеткина

В статье рассматриваются психодидактические аспекты освоения студентами-гуманитариями содержания естественнонаучных дисциплин. Специфика обучения естественнонаучным дисциплинам студентов-гуманитариев определяется наличием у данной группы обучающихся особенностей восприятия и переработки информации. Для гуманитариев в большей мере характерно превалирование ассоциативного, образного мышления, эмоционального восприятия информации, отторжение формализованных, доказательных способов рассуждений, доминирование реального восприятия окружающего мира над абстрактным, идеализированным. Современные педагогические методики в основном ориентированы на левополушарное восприятие, именно поэтому правополушарные учащиеся оказываются в невыгодном положении. The article deals with psychodidactic aspects of mastering the content of natural sciences by humanities students. The specificity of teaching the natural science disciplines of humanities students is determined by the presence of features of perception and processing of information in this group of students. For the humanities, the prevalence of associative, figurative thinking, emotional perception of information, the rejection of formalized, evidence-based ways of reasoning, the dominance of the real perception of the world over the abstract, idealized, are more characteristic. Modern pedagogical methods are mainly focused on left hemisphere perception, which is why right hemispheric students find themselves at a disadvantage.


Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.


Author(s):  
Isao Okayasu ◽  
Chi-Ok Oh ◽  
Duarte B Morais

Running is one of the most popular activities in the world. Runners’ attitudes and behaviors vary depending on their running style. This study aims to construct different measures of running specialization based on the theory of specialization. This study also tests a runner’s stage of specialization segmentation based on recreation specialization and examines the predictive relationship between a runner’s specialization and event attachment. Three groups of sampling data assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for running in three marathon events. First, two surveys were conducted with marathon participants to assess the performance of diverse specialization measures for runners. Second, the third dataset was used to examine the relationship between a runner’s recreation specialization and event attachment.The study results showed that the 15 measures of specialization showed a good fit to the data. Our research showed how runners’ recreation specialization is connected to their event attachment. In addition, this study suggested event management for subdivisions of runners. Its practical implication is that recreation specialization for running can help us understand event attachment.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siluvai Raja

Education has been considered as an indispensable asset of every individual, community and nation today. Indias higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States (World Bank). Tamil Nadu occupies the first place in terms of possession of higher educational institutions in the private sector in the country with over 46 percent(27) universities, 94 percent(464) professional colleges and 65 percent(383) arts and science colleges(2011). Studies to understand the profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education either in India or Tamil Nadu were hardly available. This paper attempts to map the demographic profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education in Arts and Science colleges in Tamil Nadu through an empirical analysis, carried out among 25 entrepreneurs spread across the state. This paper presents a summary of major inferences of the analysis.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document