scholarly journals The Meaning of Economic Activity in the Family Economics from Balinese Women’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luh Indrayani ◽  
Lucy Sri Musmini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Family Economics ◽  
The Family

Migration and the Family: The Female Perspective

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 253-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hania Zlotnik
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Family Reunification ◽  
Family Migration ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Female Migration ◽  
Family Perspective ◽  
The Family

This article shows that a family perspective is especially important for the analysis of female migration because: (1) women are major participants in “family migration” as defined by governments and, although they benefit from family reunification provisions, they are also constrained by them; (2) migrant women are important economic actors and their participation in economic activity is closely related to the needs of their families, so that the choices that migrant women make regarding work cannot be understood without taking into account the situation of their families and women's roles within them; (3) women are increasingly becoming migrant workers in order to improve the economic status of their families; and (4) women rely on their families to provide various types of support that both make migration possible and condition its outcome. A review of the literature provides evidence supporting each of these observations.

Constraints on Gender: The Family Wage, Social Security and the Labour Market; Reflections on Research in Hartlepool

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Morris
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Family Wage ◽  
Using Data

In this paper, using data gathered from 40 married or cohabiting couples in Hartlepool, I argue that despite challenges to the `family wage' through long-term male unemployment, growing job insecurity, increased economic activity of married women, and the demonstrable importance of their earnings for the household, a wife's role as earner or potential earner continues to be viewed as peripheral. This is largely to be explained by an interaction between Supplementary Benefit rulings and the part-time nature of much of the demand for women's labour, such that a wife is most likely to take on, or continue in, employment where her husband is himself in work or perceived to be only temporarily unemployed. The operation of the informal sector of the economy is examined in this context, and the possible effects of proposed changes in Supplementary Benefit rulings discussed.

scholarly journals The American Family and Family Economics

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly Lundberg ◽  
Robert A Pollak
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Family Economics ◽  
American Family ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Choice Analysis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Primary Family

Gary Becker's path-breaking Treatise on the Family (1981) subjected individuals' decisions about sex, marriage, childbearing, and childrearing to rational choice analysis. The American family has changed radically in recent decades; we survey these changes as well as the ongoing effort to understand partnering, parenting, and care of the elderly as results of maximizing choices made by individuals. First, we describe the recent changes in the American family: the separation of sex, marriage, and childbearing; fewer children and smaller households; converging work and education patterns for men and women; class divergence in partnering and parenting strategies; and the replacement of family functions and home production by government programs and market transactions. Second, we examine recent work in family economics that attempts to explain these changes. Third, we point out some challenging areas for further analysis and highlight issues of commitment in two primary family relationships: those between men and women, and those between parents and children. Finally, we consider the effectiveness of policies to target benefits to certain family members (for instance, children) or to promote marriage and fertility.

scholarly journals Stress among Teachers: A Theoretical Examination

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqar M Parray ◽  
Dr. Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Dr. Purnima Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
General Term ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Energy Stress ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Oxford Dictionary ◽  
Life Work

The word ‘Stress’ is defined by the Oxford dictionary as “state of affair involving of demand on physical or mental energy”. Stress is a state of mental tension and worry caused by problems in one’s life, work, etc. Stress is a general term applied to various psychological (mental) and physiological (bodily) pressures experienced or felt by people throughout their lives. Hans Selye, one of the leading authorities on the concept of stress, described stress as “the rate of all wear and tear caused by life. Every one experience stress whether it is within the family, business, organization or any other economic activity. Stress is a big problem in our society. The main objective of this is to assess the level of stress of the teachers working in Universities, Secondary Schools, Elementary Schools, and teachers working in different organisations. Researchers have made all attempts to critically examine the studies conducted in the field of stress.

scholarly journals The “Family 500+” programme versus the economic activity of women in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-68
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Krajewski ◽  
◽  
Tomasz Zalega ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
The Impact

The “Family 500+” programme was introduced by the Act on State Aid for Child Support. It differs from many other public programmes in that it has deeply penetrated the general awareness of Poles, which may result from the amount of the benefit, its simplicity, media coverage and the feeling that this policy directly affects people’s lives. There are comments about the impact of the programme on the condition of the labour market. It is believed that to some extent it discourages some women from taking up work, thereby potentially causing their economic activity to decline and unemployment to increase over the longer time frame. Undoubtedly, “Family 500+” is already a very large challenge for the state budget. It is highly probable that the huge funding needed to cover benefits will grow each year, constituting an important government transfer. The goal of the paper is to depict the relationship between “Family 500+” and the economic activity of women in Poland. This study is a research exercise. Quantitative methods were used, including: logistic regression modelling and Holt forecasting. The analysis suggests the conclusion that “Family 500+” has contributed to the reduction of extreme poverty in households with children but also has affected the economic activity of women in Poland, in particular younger ones, aged 25–34 years, who have low educational attainments and live in poorer voivodships. The analysis of micro data from the Human Capital Balance study has clearly confirmed that “Family 500+” negatively affects the likelihood of being economically active, which holds true not only for women at a certain age or of a certain background, but for all those surveyed.

scholarly journals Perilaku Keluar-Masuk Malaysia TKI Perspektif Ekonomi Syari’ah (Studi Kasus di Desa Kalijaga Sukarema)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Hariono Hariono
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Know How ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Family

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana fenomena keluar-masuk Malaysia oleh para tenaga kerja migrant (TKI) yang menempati wilayah Desa Kalijaga Selatan, Desa Kalijaga Baru dan Desa Sukarema itu terjadi. Perilaku ini ternyata bukan sekedar kebetulan atau pun asal-asalan melainkan menjadi suatu keharusan yang dilatarbelakangi dengan kondisi sulitnya perekonomian keluarga yang harus segera diatasi. Penelitian ini sifatnya deskriptif di mana fakta-fakta yang terjadi di lingkungan para TKI dapat diungkap sebagaimana mestinya dan apa adanya. Sehingga penelitian ini memilih menggunakan metodologi pendekatan kualitatif karena menurut peneliti data data yang bisa dihimpun dan didapat secara gampang adalah dengan mewawancari responden selaku pelaku langsung. Simpulan yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah bahwa perilaku keluar-masuk Malaysia ini dilakukakan karena keinginan yang kuat untuk memperbaiki keadaan perekonomian keluarga, baik yang berkaitan dengan kebutuhan langsung seperti untuk konsumsi saat ini, maupun berupa investasi di masa depan, seperti dipakai membangun rumah dan biaya studi lanjut bagi anak-anak mereka. Dan hal ini oleh ekonomi syari’ah dipandang sebagai kegiatan ekonomi yang bernilai ekonomis dan bernilai ibadah. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to know how the phenomenon of in and out Malaysia’s by the Indonesian migrant workers (TKI) in the area of South Kalijaga Village, Kalijaga Baru Village and Sukarema Village. This behavior is not just a coincidence or even arbitrary but becomes a must motivated by the difficult conditions of family economy that must be addressed. This study is descriptive in nature where the facts occur in the TKI’s environment can be expressed as it should and what it is. So this research chooses to use qualitative approach methodology because according to the researcher, data can be collected and obtained easily by interviewing the respondent as the direct perpetrator. The conclusion of this research is that in and out of Malaysia’s behavior is due to the strong desire to improve the family economy, whether it is related to immediate needs such as for current consumption, as well as future investments, such as building houses and fund for further study for their children. This activity by the economics of shariah is seen as economic activity value and worth of worship.

scholarly journals A Study on the Role and Contribution of Women for the Development of Ayurvedic Education in Kerala

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Anila Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Holistic Strategy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Individual Knowledge ◽  
Traditional Roles

Education has been of central significance to the development of human society. It can be the beginning not only of individual knowledge, information and awareness, but also of a holistic strategy for development and change. Education helps an individual to develop his or her potential to the fullest, to increase the productivity and to become useful and resourceful members of the society. Education is holistic in concept and is multidimensional. Due to the technical advancement and social development, the structure of the family organization is changing. These substantial changes have created a new challenging role and status for the Indian women, especially for the middle class women. The structure of the Indian society is undergoing a metamorphosis due to Urbanisation, Westernisation, Industrialisation and Politicalisation. As a member of the family, she has to perform certain traditional roles, apart from taking an active part in economic activity.  The provision of educational opportunities for girls and women has been part of the national endeavour since independence. The constitution of India, is clearly committed to the cause of education and unequivocally endorses state intervention to redress an adverse educational scenario. The recent social

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF THE POPULATION IN POLAND – SELECTED PROBLEMS AND CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Krystyna Melich-Iwanek
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future

The aim of the article is to analyze, from statistical and econometric perspectives, the dynamics of Poles’ economic activity, in particular, an attempt at a statistical measurement of the impact of select phenomena conditioning the labor market. Key considerations are preceded by a presentation the historical and current demographic situation in Poland. Problems of foreign migration and the aging of the Polish society were investigated. Moreover, impact of social policies on the labor market was analyzed, including the “Family 500+” program as well as regulations concerning retirement age. The study utilizes quantitative methods of time series analysis, including the time series models taking into account the occurrence of turning points. The results of research show, that: in the near future the Polish demographic situation will not improve, the lowering of retirement age is a threat to the labor market, the “500+” program not only did not influence a rise in fertility rate but lowered the rate of economic activity of women.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Financial Success ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

The book makes three main interventions. First is the use of Jewish economic history to understand both the development of Jewish society and its relations with the surrounding world. The methodology of New institutional economics, emphasizing the connection between economic and cultural factors, is employed. Second is the study of the Jews’ economic roles in the specific context of magnate estates in eighteenth-century Poland-Lithuania. In this late feudal setting, Jews achieved enormous financial success, which they translated into improved social status and even power. This process is at the heart of the analysis here. Third is the history of the Radziwiłł family and its estates in Lithuania. From a low point at the beginning of the period, the family reached the pinnacle of its power at the end. This rise was based on increased estate incomes, the importance for which of Jewish economic activity is examined here.

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