scholarly journals CERTIFICATION OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES-PRODUCERS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN ORDER TO ENTER EUROPEAN MARKETS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Larisa Marmul ◽  
Elena Krukovskaya

The objective of the article is to consider the actual issues of institutional support for the development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products in Ukraine, as well as the definition of formal and informal institutions for the regulation of organic products market. Methodology. While the study, the following methods were used: analytical method – to identify the basic rules and procedures for the development of organic production and the structuring of its institutional environment; synthesis method – to assess the state of development of institutes and infrastructure of the industry; abstracting and logical modelling of the system of interconnections and regulating and stimulating influences of environmental elements on the development of organic production. Results. The article deals with topical issues of institutional support for the development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products in Ukraine. There were established formal and informal institutions for regulating the organic products market. The features of placement and specialization of agrarian enterprises for the production of organic products are revealed. Certain institutions of certification of production and products are described as separate institutions. The further prospects of development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products on the basis of improvement of institutional regulation and certification are substantiated. Practical importance. The results of the study can be taken into account and used for the development of state and industry programs for the development of organic production. Scientific novelty. The systematic vision of the development environment of organic production in Ukraine is substantiated, which, in contrast to the existing views, is interpreted as an interconnected and interdependent set of elements regulated by managerial influences of the state and industry levels.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Roumen Otouzbirov ◽  
Adelina Petkova ◽  
Konstantin Stankov ◽  
Mitko Ignatov

Over the last decade Bulgarian organic farming has been growing at an increasing rate. Over the same period, the demand for quality food products on national and international markets also increased. Institutional support for the sector is important for the development of sustainable environment for the production and marketing of organic products. The goal of the present study is to analyze the impact of institutional support on the development of Bulgarian organic production. To achieve this goal, the following tasks need to be addressed: Assess the state of public support for the sector; to analyze the production and marketing of Bulgarian organic products.


2020 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
A.M. Agapkin

The state of the problem of processing agricultural waste as a newly forming industry for the disposal of such waste in conjunction with the development of the emerging industry of organic production and the market of organic fertilizers is considered. The issue is regarded in the interrelation of the regulatory, economic and technological components in their dynamics from the current state to the target (desired).


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (518) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
A. V. Balian ◽  

The article defines that recently, under the influence of global processes, pandemic and volatility of international agri-food markets, the high dynamics of transformations in the world economy has been generating more and more risks for domestic producers and requires effective decision-making in the legislative and regulatory field at the State level. Thus, formation and implementation of strategic priorities of institutional support for the agrarian economy of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes remains an actual problem. The article is aimed at substantiating the strategic priorities of developing the institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine in the context of changes in the global environment and under the influence of European integration processes. In order to achieve the aim, analysis of modern problems of institutional support of the agrarian sphere of the national economy of Ukraine in the context of European integration processes is carried out. It is noted that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the implementation of the tasks of the structural units of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences as a scientific institution to provide innovative support for the development of the industry. Emphasis is placed on the chronic underfunding of research and development at the State level, which inhibits the effectiveness of innovative providers in the agricultural sector. The main directions of further development of agribusiness in order to ensure the competitiveness of domestic products in agri-food markets and ensure food security of the country are identified. Emphasis is placed on the intensification of significant export potential, in particular organic production, the volume of supplies to world markets is growing. However, it is proved that the effectiveness of the implemented strategies for scientific support of the agricultural sector requires proper funding, responsible attitude and vision of the economic perspective behind it. In order to intensify the innovative model of scientific activity in the agrarian sphere and in the context of integration into the European Open Scientific Space, the first intermediate results of the activities of the State-owned institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences are determined.


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Mykola Ihnatenko ◽  
Natalia Novak

The objective of the article is to identify the problems of the development of organic agrarian production in Ukraine, to determine its resources, directions and instruments of state regulation and support (including on the basis of advanced European and world experience), as well as the preparation of regional development and improvement programs. Methodology. While the study, general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, as well as special methods of economic research were used. Monographic and historical methods were used in the analysis of stages of the formation and development of organic enterprises. Methods of problem-targeted approach, business planning, and investment planning were used in the preparation of organic farming and organic products development programs. Results. The article reveals the main results, trends, and problems in the development of organic agrarian production in Ukraine. There are presented positive examples of realization and distribution of its European and world experience, including on the principles of state regulation. Features, forms, and directions of state support of enterprises with organic production are determined. Means of its improvement were substantiated. The available and potential resources of the prospective development of organic production are determined. Regional programs of implementation of proposals have been developed on the example of Kherson region. Practical importance. It lies in the possibility of introducing the results in the organic enterprises of the country, in the bodies of management and regulation of agricultural production, in decisions of the rural communities on the development of organic production and organic products market, preservation of agrarian resources, environment, employment of rural residents. Scientific novelty. The state programs of organic production development are grounded on the basis of strengthening their regional, informational, and advisory components.


Author(s):  
S.A. Korshunov ◽  
A.M. Asaturova ◽  
A.I. Chomiak ◽  
G.V. Volkova

Наряду с традиционными приемами ведения сельского хозяйства во многих странах развивается альтернативное земледелие, основанное на строгом соблюдении научных рекомендаций и требований по эксплуатации почвенных ресурсов с целью их сохранения при длительном использовании. Одно из таких направлений – органическое земледелие, успешно развивающееся в странах ЕС и США последние 30 лет. Оно предполагает создание высококультурной, экологически сбалансированной агроэкосистемы, критериями функционирования которой является устойчивость агроландшафта на фоне продуктивного долголетия всех составляющих его компонентов (почва, растения, животный мир). Устойчивость таких агроценозов обеспечивается путем минимизации негативного влияния на агроэкосистему (отказ от применения пестицидов и других средств защиты растений, химических удобрений, ГМО, ионизирующего излучения) и внедрения экологически обоснованной системы земледелия при обязательном контроле за состоянием всего агробиоценоза в системе эколого-мелиоративного и агроэкологического мониторинга. Научно-исследовательская деятельность и биологическая защита в органическом сельском хозяйстве должны отвечать основным задачам реального сектора. Ученым, вовлеченным в данное направление, важно взаимодействовать с сертифицированными органическими производителями, профильными союзами, понимать как частные задачи конкретных хозяйств, так и общерыночные тенденции, требования сертифицирующих органов, знать основные стандарты органического сельского хозяйства. В обзоре рассмотрены тенденции развития рынка органической продукции в России и в мире. Показана прямая взаимосвязь между государственной поддержкой экологизации земледелия и ростом рынка органической продукции. Представлены данные социологических опросов с целью выявления количественных и качественных показателей развития рынка органического сельского хозяйства и биологизации земледелия в Российской Федерации. Подчеркнута роль биологической защиты растений как ключевого элемента обеспечения стабильного органического производства, что потребует активного и целенаправленного внедрения научных методов поддержания плодородия почв и механизмов естественной биоценотической регуляции агроэкосистем, разработанных российскими учеными.In addition to traditional farming practices, many countries are developing alternative agriculture based on strict compliance with scientific recommendations and requirements for the exploitation of soil resources in order to preserve them during long-term use. One of these areas is organic farming, which successfully developing in the EU and the US for the last 30 years. It includes creation of a highly cultured, ecologically balanced agroecosystem, which has stability of agrocenosis with productive longevity of all its components (soil, plants, wildlife). The sustainability of such agrocenoses is ensured by minimizing the negative impact on the agroecosystem (refusal to use pesticides and other plant protection products, chemical fertilizers, GMOs, ionizing radiation) and the introduction of environmentally sound farming system with mandatory control over the state of the entire agrobiocenosis in the system of ecological-meliorative and agroecological monitoring. Research and biological protection in organic agriculture must meet the basic objectives of the real sector. Scientists involved in this area, it is important to interact with certified organic producers, specialized unions, to understand both the private tasks of specific farms and General market trends, the requirements of certification bodies, to know the basic standards of organic agriculture. The review examines the trends in the development of organic products market in Russia and in the world. The direct relationship between the state support for the greening of agriculture and the growth of the market of organic products is shown. The article presents the data of sociological surveys to identify quantitative and qualitative indicators of the market of organic agriculture and biologization of agriculture in the Russian Federation. The role of biological plant protection as a key element of ensuring stable organic production is emphasized, which will require the active and purposeful introduction of scientific methods for maintaining soil fertility and mechanisms of natural biocenotic regulation of agroecosystems developed by Russian scientists.


2003 ◽  
pp. 4-21
Author(s):  
B. Chavance

The notion of rules is common to the economics of organization and the economics of institutions. The author analyses the concept of going concern by Commons, the spontaneous and organized order in Hayek's works, and North's distinction of formal and informal institutions. Comparing these three theories he proposes a synthetic and critical approach in trying to articulate individual and collective actions in a systemic framework where organizations are defined as collective and hierarchised ensembles of specific rules, and institutions as general and social rules with higher durability, directly or indirectly sanctioned by the state.


Author(s):  
N.V. Vasylchenko ◽  

The state of organic fruit and small fruit products market in the Sumy region, which has been analyzed in the article, both in Ukraine and as a whole, has a positive development dynamics, because the society demands healthy food and preserving the environment. The organic horticulture of Sumy region deserves special attention and urgency, since it produces high-quality vitamin products and has a natural and economic potential to increase the share of both small fruit and fruit products. The factors have been determined under the influence of which the assortment market policy is formed. The formation of the organic products market in Ukraine and the Sumy region in particular is formed mainly to thanks external factors. The structure of the regional organic horticultural products market is due to the global trends and willingness of Sumshchyna producers to develop new segments. The internal factors include the growing demand for healthy food and improving living standards. The data about the number of operators of the regional market of organic products, are elucidated as well as their organizational and legal form and scope of activity. The production of the organic small fruit products in the region has appeared to be carried out by economic entities of different organizational and legal management forms. That has enabled to identify the problematic aspects and determine the areas of their support by the state. The problem aspects of functioning of operators of the organic fruit and small fruit market and prospects of their further development are defined. The successful model of the organic small and medium businesses in the horticulture field is the search for a potential consumer, and then direct manufacturing. At the state and regional level, attention should be paid not only to the organic market operators, but also to stimulating consumer demand for the organic products. The stimulation of the close cooperation of the agricultural education institutions in the Sumy region with the enterprises will provide training in the organic production field and solve the major problem of the organic market operators – staffing.


Author(s):  
Adrian V. Horodnic ◽  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Răzvan Ionuț Drugă ◽  
Cristian Incaltarau

Confronted with a global pandemic, public healthcare systems are under pressure, making access to healthcare services difficult for patients. This provides fertile ground for using illegal practices such as informal payments to gain access. This paper aims to evaluate the use of informal payments by patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the institutions that affect the prevalence of this practice. Various measurements of formal and informal institutions are here investigated, namely the acceptability of corruption, the level of trust, transparency, and performance of the healthcare system. To do so, a logistic regression of 10,859 interviews with patients conducted across 11 Central and Eastern Europe countries in October–December 2020 is employed. The finding is that there are large disparities between countries in the prevalence of informal payments, and that the practice is more likely to occur where there are poorer formal and informal institutions, namely higher acceptability of corruption, lower trust in authorities, lower perceived transparency in handling the COVID-19 pandemic, difficult access to, and poor quality of, healthcare services, and higher mortality rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that policy measures for tackling informal payments need to address the current state of the institutional environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6430-6433

For the purpose of sustainable development of small businesses, it is necessary to pay special attention to the formation of infrastructure for small businesses. This study uses an institutional approach which involves assessing the impact of formal and informal institutions on the development of small businesses. The author introduces the concept of the “frontier” institution as an institution, the operation of which is governed by the prescriptions of laws and established regulations, but the performance of certain functions is based on informal rules. This allows such an institution to more effectively perform the functions of a formal institution and makes it more capable and competitive in the market in a specific period of time. Furthermore, the study identifies the concepts of the institutional environment and institutional infrastructure. The author defines the institutional environment as a set of rules of conduct and institutional infrastructure as a set of institutions that form the rules of conduct and have an impact on small businesses. The impact is understood as the formation by institutional actors of rules of conduct that have incentive and disincentive effects on small businesses. This makes it possible to identify the causes of positive or negative deviations in the development of small businesses and to develop solutions aimed at solving the problems encountered. The article studies the organizational and economic mechanism that reflects the functioning of formal and informal institutions through which institutional infrastructure influences small businesses in order to achieve their goals.


Author(s):  
Volodymyr Zaychenko

The relevance of state policy aimed at improving the institutional support for the technological competitiveness of Ukraine's economy is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the tasks and measures for improving institutional competitiveness of Ukraine's economy. Scientific novelty of the study consists in substantiation of the system of measures and means of improving the institutional environment of the technological competitiveness of Ukraine, the elements of which are formed in the following areas: structure of state policy, state policy measures and expected outcomes. The recommendations in relation to improvement of legal framework and institutions, oriented on innovation and technological modernization in context of strengthening of Ukrainian economy competitiveness form the practical significance of the results. The tasks of the state policy in improvement of the "institutes" and "institutions" elements of the institutional environment of the state policy of ensuring the technological competitiveness are defined. They include the improvement of basic legislation on innovative and scientific-technological activity; formation of legislation on the development of infrastructure of scientific and technological activities, integrated systems, implementation of joint projects; improving of the system of strategizing and programming the development of scientific and technological activities; elimination of administrative barriers to introduction of advanced technologies; formation of positive social attitude towards innovations and technologies; improvement of the system of organization and management of development of scientific and technological activity; introduction of monitoring, control and forecasting instruments of technological development policy; creation of financial and resource support funds for scientific and technological activities; formation and effective use of personnel potential of scientific and technological activity; development of internal and external information and communication system.


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