Study the pathological and Residual Toxic effect of Malathion in Mice Nervous System

In present experiment , study was done on the pathological and residual effect of malathion in mice 50 white mice randomly divided into 3 group : 1st group including (20)mice was given single oral dose .1.5 ppm in drinking water 2nd group contain (20) mice given single dose 1.5 ppm malathion orally in drinking water and repeated the same dose at 2nd and 3rd week i.e (three repeated doses), the 3rd group (10) mice act as control group .The long of experiment was 60 days , the following parameter were done . 1- Clinical Signs: treated group 1st and 2nd groups showed nausea and diarrhea 2- Pathological changes : 1st and 2nd group showed lesion which were more significant in 2nd group .Pathological changes characterized by neuron necrosis , Brain odema , and mononuclear cell present with spinal cord damage . 3- Residual investigation: which were more significant in 2nd group at 60 days of treatment, the Malathion residual reach 0.90 ppm in brain and spinal cord.

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Neuroprotective effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and relationship to promotion of angiogenesis after spinal cord injury in rats

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/2011.5.spine10421 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 414-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Junko Kawabe ◽

Masao Koda ◽

Masayuki Hashimoto ◽

Takayuki Fujiyoshi ◽

Takeo Furuya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Bone Marrow Derived Cells ◽

Stimulating Factor ◽

Angiogenic Cytokines

Object Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has neuroprotective effects on the CNS. The authors have previously demonstrated that G-CSF also exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental spinal cord injury (SCI) by enhancing migration of bone marrow–derived cells into the damaged spinal cord, increasing glial differentiation of bone marrow–derived cells, enhancing antiapoptotic effects on both neurons and oligodendrocytes, and by reducing demyelination and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Because the degree of angiogenesis in the subacute phase after SCI correlates with regenerative responses, it is possible that G-CSF's neuroprotective effects after SCI are due to enhancement of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of G-CSF on the vascular system after SCI. Methods A contusive SCI rat model was used and the animals were randomly allocated to either a G-CSF–treated group or a control group. Integrity of the blood–spinal cord barrier was evaluated by measuring the degree of edema in the cord and the volume of extravasation. For histological evaluation, cryosections were immunostained with anti–von Willebrand factor and the number of vessels was counted to assess revascularization. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess expression of angiogenic cytokines, and recovery of motor function was assessed with function tests. Results In the G-CSF–treated rats, the total number of vessels with a diameter > 20 μm was significantly larger and expression of angiogenic cytokines was significantly higher than those in the control group. The G-CSF–treated group showed significantly greater recovery of hindlimb function than the control group. Conclusions These results suggest that G-CSF exerts neuroprotective effects via promotion of angiogenesis after SCI.

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The induced dose of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was not determinant and proportional to histopathological findings

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab120.080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Maiara Carolina Perussolo ◽

Bassam Felipe Mogharbel ◽

Lucia de Noronha ◽

Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Demyelinating Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Control Group ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Histopathological Findings ◽

The Brain ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized as an inflammatory demyelinating disease. It presents a diversity of neurologic signs and symptoms as well the incapacities. Since the need for advances in MS treatment, many studies are for new therapeutic technologies, mainly through using preclinical models as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This study aimed to observe and analyze the development in Lewis rats-induced model of EAE. Methods It was used 23 females of Rattus norvegicus, from 6 to 8 weeks, weighing around 170 g. Of 23 rats, 19 underwent EAE induction distributed in six groups to establish the evolution of clinical signs. B. pertussis toxin (PTX) doses were 200, 250, 300, 350–400 ng, and four animals as the control group. The animals had weight and scores analyzed daily, starting seven and ending 24 days after induction. Then, all animals were euthanized, and the brain and spinal cord were collected for histopathological analyses. Results The results showed that the dose of 250 ng of PTX induced de higher score and weight reduction. All groups who received the PTX demonstrated histopathological findings. Those characterized as leukocyte infiltration, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and demyelinated plaques in the brain. In the spinal cord, the loosening of the myelinated fibers was observed by increasing the axonal space in all tested doses of PTX. Conclusions EAE was not dose-dependent. Histopathological findings do not proportionally related to clinical signs, as in human patients with MS.

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Pathogenesis of Aquatic Bird Bornavirus in Muscovy Ducks

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1153639/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Melanie Iverson ◽

Alexander Leacy ◽

Phuc H. Pham ◽

Sunoh Che ◽

Emily Brouwer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Aquatic Bird ◽

Virus Spread ◽

Avian Bornavirus ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Muscovy Ducks ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord ◽

Wild Waterfowl

Abstract Aquatic bird bornavirus (ABBV), a type of avian bornavirus, has been associated with inflammation of the central and peripheral nervous systems and neurological disease in wild waterfowl in North America and Europe. The potential of ABBV to infect and cause lesions in commercial waterfowl species is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of ABBV to infect and cause disease in day-old Muscovy ducks (n = 174), selected as a representative domestic waterfowl. Ducklings became infected with ABBV through both intracranial and intramuscular infection routes: upon intramuscular infection, the virus spread centripetally to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), while intracranial infection led to virus spread to the spinal cord, kidneys, proventriculus, and gonads (centrifugal spread). Infected birds developed both encephalitis and myelitis by 4 weeks post infection (wpi), which progressively subsided by 8 and 12 wpi. Despite development of microscopic lesions, clinical signs were not observed. Only five birds had choanal and/or cloacal swabs positive for ABBV, suggesting a moderate potential of Muscovy ducks to shed the virus. This is the first study to document the pathogenesis of ABBV in poultry species, and confirms the ability of ABBV to infect commercial waterfowl.

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The effectiveness of Pectin in the reduction of histological changes caused by exposure to monosodium glutamate in female mice: مدى فعالية البكتين في الحد من التغيرات النسيجية التي يسببها تناول جلوتامات أحادي الصوديوم على إناث الفئران

Journal of medical and pharmaceutical sciences - مجلة العلوم الطبية و الصيدلانية ◽

10.26389/ajsrp.o141219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Ibrahim Al Othman, Faten khalif Alanazi, Ghada Jaber S

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Body Weight ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Central Vein ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Female Mice ◽

Liver And Kidney

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a food additive. Excessive consumption of monosodium glutamate has also been shown to affect the liver and kidneys, causing damage to these tissues because of oxidative stress leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of the study described in this paper was to find out how the liver and kidney toxicity caused by monosodium glutamate can be mitigated using pectin. To this end, 30 albino mice females were divided into four groups. The animals were distributed in special cages. 12-15 weeks with an average body weight of 60 grams. The animals were divided into four groups: the experimental control group (1) comprising 5 female mice were given normal drinking water and the treated group (2) comprising 10 female mice were given monosodium glutamate at a dose of 3 g/kg body weight in drinking water. For three weeks, the treatment group (3) comprising 10 female mice was given pectin at a dose of 300 mg/70 kg body weight in drinking water immediately after the monosodium glutamate dose for three weeks and the pectin group (4) comprising 5 female mice were given Pectin at a dose of 300 mg/70 kg body weight in drinking water for three weeks. The mice were then anesthetized, dissected, and liver and kidney samples were taken from female mice and kept in a 10% neutral formalin solution to make tissue segments. The results showed many histological changes in the liver, such as congestion of the central vein, widening of the sinuses, and the appearance of signs of the death of most hepatocytes, infiltration of the central vein and an invasion of inflammatory cells around the central vein with the emergence of several gaps within the cells. Many of them cavity with the death of most of the tubule cells, the closure of some of them and the expansion and infiltration in others and bleeding inside the tissue. Pectin therapy has led to the disappearance of most of these changes and the emergence of a clear improvement in hepatic and renal tissue.

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Feeding malic acid to chickens at slaughter age benefits poultry production and microbial safety in regard to Campylobacter

10.21203/rs.3.rs-51714/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fangzhe Ren ◽

Wenbin Yang ◽

Juanjuan Hu ◽

Pinyu Huang ◽

Xin-an Jiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Treated Group ◽

Chicken Meat ◽

Log P ◽

Control Group ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Microbial Safety ◽

Slaughter Age

Abstract Background Chicken meat has become popular for consumption worldwide. However, chicken flocks suffer the Campylobacter infection during the rearing period, which allows chicken meat products act as a vehicle for transmitting this pathogen through the food chain and bring great health and economic burden to the public. Malic acid is a dicarboxylic organic acid with antimicrobial activity, the application of malic acid during food animal rearing period also found could improve the performance of animals and the quality of their products. This study applied malic acid to chicken flocks and evaluated its potential benefits on the poultry production and microbial safety. Results In Experiment 1, AA broilers and partridge chicken were provided with the malic acid-supplemented drinking water for three weeks, although the Campylobacter carriages were found decreased by 0.91–0.98 log after the first week of use (P < 0.05). However, this effect was not consistent, significant decontamination could not be found in the second and the third week of application. Thus, in Experiment 2, the malic acid-supplemented drinking water was used for five days to flocks at slaughter age, the Campylobacter carriage was found decreased by 1.05–1.55 log (P < 0.05), suggesting an effective reduction effect exist. Malic acid has no adverse effects on chicken performance, including body weight, intestinal indices and microflora. However, the meat quality of AA broilers was found to be promoted, the moisture increased by 5.12% − 5.92% (P < 0.05), and the fat decreased by 1.60% (P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, the malic acid-supplemented drinking water was provided to AA broilers which were suffering from respiratory disease. The results showed that the mortality rate of malic acid treated group was consistently lower than that of the control group during the experimental period, and the total mortality was decreased from 52% in the control group, to 32% in malic acid treated group. Conclusions Our results suggest that feeding malic acid to flocks could decrease the contamination of Campylobacter while also benefit chicken farming, and is worthy of application to promote safe development of the poultry production and its products.

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Effect of cadmium on the floor of the mouth on rats during lactation

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242004000200003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 105-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lara Cristina Picoli ◽

Ii-Sei Watanabe ◽

Ruberval Armando Lopes ◽

Miguel Angel Sala ◽

Fábio Picoli

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Body ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Epithelium ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Floor Of The Mouth

Cadmium (Cd) present in the air, drinking water and food has the potential to affect the health of people, mainly those who live in highly industrialized regions. Cd affects placental function, may cross the placental barrier and directly modify fetal development. It is also excreted into milk. The body is particularly susceptible to Cd exposure during perinatal period. The effect on rat oral epithelium (floor of the mouth) after continuous exposure to drinking water containing low levels of Cd during lactation was studied. Female rats were supplied with ad libitum drinking water containing 300 mg/l of CdCl2 throughout the whole lactation period. Control animals received a similar volume of water without Cd. Lactating rats (21 day-old) were killed by lethal dose of anesthetic. The heads were retrieved, fixed in "alfac" solution (alcohol, acetic acid and formaldehyde) for 24 h, serially sectioned in frontal plane, at the level of the first molars. The 6 µm sections were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Nuclear epithelium parameters were estimated, as well as cytoplasm and cell volume, nucleus/cytoplasm ratio, numeric and surface densities, and epithelial thickness. Mean body weight was 34.86 g for the control group and 18.56 g for the Cd-treated group. Histologically, the floor of the mouth epithelium was thinner in the treated group, with smaller and more numerous cells. In this experiment, Cd induced epithelial hypotrophy, indicating a direct action in oral mucosa cells, besides retarded development of the pups.

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Study influence of Salinomycin and Anticoccidial Vaccine on Pathological changes in intestine of Broiler Chickens experimental infected with Eimeria spp.

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v32i2.747 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 147-158

Author(s):

Dalia Ahmed Kalef

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Treated Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Endothelial Layer ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Epithelial Layers

To conduct the influence of salinomycin & anticoccidial vaccine onpathological changes in intestine of broiler chickens experimentalinfected with Eimeria spp. By using 40 broiler chicks divided randomlyto four groups( 10 chicks of each group ) First group vaccinated withanticoccidial vaccine (coccivac) at 8 days of age in drinking water whilethe second group feeded salinomycin in concentration 60ppm from oneday old ,the third group left non vaccinated nor given salinomycin as acontrol group at(26 days )of age chicks in that three groups infected withdifferent species of Eimeria spp .with high dose (744x74³) Oocyst /chickby group inoculation & the fourth group consider negative control notvaccinated or treated .At (33 days)of chicks age all the chicks were killedfor measuring lesion score of intestine which their results +1.75 , +3, +4with mortality rate 0%,10%,20% for vaccinated ,salinomycine treated &control groups respectively then took samples for Histopathologicalchanges the results pointed high pathological changes in intestine ofpositive control group with sever necrosis & degeneration of epitheliawith sever tissue damage companied with maturation first & secondgeneration sporozoite in the endothelial layer of intestine. While thepathological changes was less sever in salinomycine treated group withnecrosis & degeneration of epithelial layers accompanied with exist ofsporozoite in endothelial layer of intestine . while the vaccinated groupshowed no clear pathological changes in intestine except hyperplasia ofglobal cells & infiltration of lymphocytes cells in the layers of intestine ,it was concluded that the vaccine which was given to chicks provide goodprotection & decrease dangerous of coccidiosis infection .

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The Effect of Pulsed Magnetic Field on The Healing of Infected Cutaneous Wounds at Thigh Region in Rabbits

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v35i1.610 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 107-118

Author(s):

Ibrahim MH . Alrashid

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

New Media ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Treated Group ◽

Pulsed Magnetic Field ◽

Control Group ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Sham Control ◽

Bacteria Growth

Magnetic therapy was applied in the present study, which play two roles; as antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus auras, Streptococcus spp, Klebsialla ,and Pseudomona ) and as stimulator to tissue repair.24 rabbits were used in this study, they divided into two groups; 1st group(treated group) contains 20 rabbits, 2nd group (control group) contains 4 rabbits, the last subdivided into two subgroup (standard control subgroup and sham-control subgroup, the left side of all animals in control group is standard control subgroup, while the left side is sham-control subgroup). After surgery to all, the wounds were exposed to pulsed magnetic field except standard control subgroup, they healed with conventional treatment, 1st group(treated group) and sham-control subgroup were treated with(600 Gauss,50 Hz) twice daily for 30 minutes during 7 days. Microbiologically, the bacterial Petri dish were exposed to pulsed magnetic field in present study (600 Gauss, 50Hz) 30 minutes/day for one only, after re-culture of these bacteria at new media, there weren’t bacteria growth appeared which were used in present study. Clinically, the clinical signs of wounds were recorded at 1, 3, 5,7, and 9 days post induce wound ; the sham-control subgroup was healed after 5.5 days after induce wound, 1st treated group was healed after 7-10 day post induce wound, while standard control subgroup was healed after 9 day post induce wound. Biopsies were toke after 3,5,7,and 9 days post induce wound, the histopathological study of sham-control subgroup revealed that show more develop compare with other.

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Cytoprotective Effects of Zingiber officinale Against the Oxidative Stress Induced by Lead Acetate Toxicity in Rats

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2020-0221 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

O. Aouacheri ◽

S. Saka

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Treated Group ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Diet ◽

Group I

The evaluation of the effect of ginger on the modulation of toxic effects induced by lead is the objective of our study. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups and treated daily for 3 consecutive months. Group I (0-0) was kept as control; group II (0-G) received an experimental diet with 2% of ginger; group III (Pb-0) received 2% lead acetate dissolved in drinking water with a normal diet; and group IV (Pb-G) received 2% lead acetate in drinking water and an experimental diet containing 2% ginger. Lead acetate exposure caused a significant increase of organosomatic indexes, hepatic, lipid, and urine profiles. In addition, lead acetate has a pro-oxidative effect expressed by a significant decrease in tissue GSH levels and the enzymatic activity of GPx and CAT. This pro-oxidative action was also marked by an increase in MDA level and GST activity in lead-treated group. Feeding ginger-supplemented diet to lead acetate-treated rats restored all the parameters studied as compared to control. These results suggest that ginger treatment exerts a protective effect on metabolic disorders by decreasing the oxidative stress.

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