scholarly journals Toxicopathological effects of lead acetate on the brain of male mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Bassim M. Jwad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported, then the pieces of brain was fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours .The pathological results showed congestion of cerebellum and cerebrum of both treated group but the 2nd group was more sensitive. Histopathological examination of 1st group expressed moderate pathological lesions, characterized by extracellular edema around neuron cells and Virchow Robbin space , as well as proliferation of astrocyets in the white matter , also central chromatolysis of neurons and Nissle granules with homogenous pink their cytoplasm in 1st G. while in 2nd G the main lesions characterized by severe congestion of blood vessels with inflammatory cells infiltration in the lumen of arachnoids' space and brain parenchyma as well as hemorrhage with aggregation of microglia in the wall of blood vessels which characterized by round shape and clear cytoplasm (microgliosis). Also severe neuron degeneration, with Alzheimer's type-II astrocyets are reported in other animals characterized by pairs observed surrounded by clear space. And there is no clear pathological lesion in control group.In conclusion the present study investigated that the lead acetate affected on the brain tissue, and the degree of influence depended on the concentration of the toxic dose.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic pathological effects with biochemical alteration of thyroid gland induced by NaF in Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
B. M. Jwad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Group Control Group

Thirty Wistar albino rats of both sex, 1-1.25 months old (average body weight 250 – 300gm) were used. Animals were randomly divided into three groups. 1st group (acute group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. contain 500 mg/kg/body weight NaF, as single toxic dose via stomach tube. 2nd group (chronic group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight NaF via stomach tube daily for 60 days. 3rd group (control group) n=10 given 0.5 ml. physiological saline via a stomach tube. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, and then sacrificed after 3 and 7 days in 1st group, and 30 and 60 days in the 2nd group, then post-mortem examination was done, and any gross lesions were reported. Blood collected was done for biochemical examination (T3, T4, and TSH.) using special biochemical kits. Pieces of thyroid were taken, fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours, and then all the specimens were processed and the histopathological changes were observed under light microscope. The pathological results showed hemorrhage appear in the capsular region of the thyroid gland with vacuolation in the cytoplasm of cell of a colloid with neutrophils infiltration in the lumen, as well as edema with fume cytoplasm and marked vacuolation of the cytoplasm of a colloid cell, also granulomatous lesion seated in gland parenchyma. That causes alteration of biochemical test T3, T4 and TSH in acute and chronic toxic doses.

scholarly journals Biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney in male Wistar albino rats following exposure to Solignum®: a permethrincontaining wood preservative

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu ◽  
Iniobong A. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wood Preservative ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The present investigation was aimed to determine the effect of sub-chronic exposure to Solignum<sup>®</sup>, a permethrin-containing wood preservative on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidneys of male Wistar albino rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three treatment concentrations containing 8 rats each. The treatment groups were exposed to Solignum<sup>®</sup> at dose rates of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively per day orally for four weeks. Data obtained from the study showed a progressive increase in the body weight of rats in control whereas, rats treated with different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW) of Solignum<sup>®</sup> decreased significantly (≤0.05) especially at the end of the second and fourth week when compared with control. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the relative liver weights of rats treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg BW Solignum<sup>®</sup> while rats treated with 400 mg/kg BW showed a significant increase when compared with control. The relative weight of kidneys in experimental groups increased significantly when compared with control. Biochemical analysis results illustrated that there was a significant increase in marker enzymes namely alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity at the end of the fourth week. Similarly, total bilirubin, serum urea, creatinine and electrolytes (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup>) levels increased in a dose dependent manner in treated rats when compared with untreated control group. Serum total protein decreased significantly in experimental rats when compared with control. However, cholesterol and triglycerides showed no significant difference when compared with control. Histopathological examination of hepatocytes in treated rats was characterized by mild periportal inflammatory cells and cytoplasmic degeneration. Furthermore, histopathological examination of rat kidneys revealed inflammatory cells, congested vessel and interstitial hemorrhage in rats treated with Solignum<sup>®</sup>. Therefore, this present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials associated with sub-chronic exposure to the commercial pesticide Solignum<sup>®</sup>.

scholarly journals Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characterization of toxoplasmosis in dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4251
Author(s):  
Maria Talita Soares Frade ◽  
Lisanka Ângelo Maia ◽  
Rachel Livingstone Felizola Soares Andrade ◽  
Rodrigo Cruz Alves ◽  
Elise Miyuki Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusion ◽  
The Brain

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characteristics of five cases of toxoplasmosis, an infection often associated with distemper in dogs. From January 2000 to December 2012, a retrospective study was performed analyzed dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba. We evaluated this sample to focus on individuals who presented with concomitant structures in protozoa characteristics, and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests using polyclonal anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. In all cases, the clinical signs were similar including digestive changes, as well as respiratory, neurological, and ocular lesions, suggesting an infection of canine distemper virus. The diagnosis of distemper was confirmed on histopathological analysis depending on the presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in different tissues. Histopathological examination also revealed the characteristic presence of parasitic cysts T. gondii in the brain in four cases, and in the lung in one case. The brain cysts were associated with multifocal areas of malacia and lung there was alveolar septa thickening due to infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, with moderate proliferation of type II pneumocytes and coalescing multifocal areas of necrosis. These cysts are characterized by round and strongly basophilic structures, measuring approximately 5 to 70 ?m, delimited by thin wall, stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunomarked as brown by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the chromogen DAB. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis associated with infection by canine distemper virus in the five case studied was based on microscopic findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with severe progressive systemic signs, especially when respiratory and neurological involvement is suspected.

scholarly journals Case Report. The first report of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in a gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa) – histopathologic diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Monireh Khordadmehr ◽  
Fereydoon Rezazadeh ◽  
Javad Ashrafi-Helan ◽  
Mir Mohsen Hosseini-Ghomi
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Gazella Subgutturosa ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Alveolar Septa

Abstract Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are natural phytotoxins found in thousands of plant species around the world. They are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife and humans. The disease occurs almost entirely as a consequence of chronic poisoning and in general ends fatally. In the present study, PAs poisoning was investigated in a gazelle with hepatic encephalopathy associated with severe neurologic signs. The main clinical signs included head pressing, progressive depression and weakness, ataxia and reluctance to move, turn the head to the left and to paddle, hyperesthesia and decreased food intake. Histopathological examination revealed major lesions in the liver consisting of severe hepatocyte megalocytosis and hypertrophy with nuclei enlargement, mild bile duct hyperplasia, centriacinar fatty change and hepatocellular necrosis. Moreover, pulmonary congestion and edema with endothelium necrosis and alveolar septa thickening, severe congestion in vessels of the brain and meninges, and myocardial necrosis were observed.

scholarly journals Nutritional and 13-Week Subchronic Toxicological Evaluation of Lignosus rhinocerotis Mycelium in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
I-Chen Li ◽  
Bi-Hua Yang ◽  
Jing-Yi Lin ◽  
Shan Lin ◽  
Chin-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Lignosus Rhinocerotis

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Tiger’s Milk mushroom) is a novel mushroom with sclerotium belonging to the Polyporaceae family and has been reported widely to possess anti-cancer, anti-cough, antioxidant, gastro-protective, immuno-modulating, and neurite-stimulating properties. As numerous studies have proven the tremendous medicinal values of L. rhinocerotis, it is necessary to understand its nutrition as well as its safety for the recipient. Previous research on L. rhinocerotis has mainly focused on the naturally occurring sclerotium and may have overlooked mushroom mycelia from submerged liquid fermentation, which ensures a high uniform quantitative biomass production as well as a high biological value. Hence, this is the first report on the evaluation of nutrition and 13-week repeated oral toxicity of L. rhinocerotis mycelium (LRM). The LRM powder contained 9.0 ± 4.2% moisture, 1.9 ± 1.3% ash, 1.6 ± 2.2% crude lipid, 8.4 ± 5.3% crude protein, 79.3 ± 4.6% carbohydrate, and 364 kcal/100 g energy. The total free amino acid ranged from 349 to 5636 mg/100 g and the umami index of freeze-dried LRM powder was 0.37. For safety assessment, ninety-six rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of twelve male and twelve female rats. Test articles were administered by oral gavage to rats at 850, 1700, and 3400 mg/kg body weight/day for 13 weeks and reverse osmosis water was used as the control. All animals survived to the end of the study. During the experiment period, no abnormal changes were observed in clinical signs, body weight, or ophthalmological examinations. No adverse or test article-related differences were found in urinalysis, hematology, or serum biochemistry parameters between the treatment and control groups. Necropsy and histopathological examination indicated no treatment-related changes. According to the above results, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of L. rhinocerotis was identified to be greater than 3400 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day in Sprague–Dawley rats.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Administering Avocado (Persea americana) Leaf Extract on Lead Acetate Toxicity in the Brain-cerebellum of Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ubi Essien Isaac
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
The Brain

Aim: To investigate whether the aqueous extract of avocado leaves can be used in alternative medicine for the remediation or treatment of lead poisoning in the brain. Study Design: Pure Experiment, using animal models. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria; between January 2019 and June 2019. Methodology: Twenty albino Wistar rats including both male and female, and weighing around 155 g were randomly assigned to four groups (designated as A,B,C and D), with each group consisting of five animals. While group A served as the control, group B was administered a daily dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of avocado leaf extract, group C received 150 mg/kg body weight per day of lead acetate, and group D was given 150 mg/kg body weight per day of lead acetate and immediately followed with 500 mg/kg body weight/day of the avocado leaf extract. Treatments were given once daily through the oral route using a syringe with attached micropipette tube for 15 days, while the animals had access to water and chow ad libitum. The rats were euthanized on the 16th day by cervical dislocation and the cranial cavity was carefully exposed in order to dissect the brain and to obtain tissue samples from the cerebellum, which were then prepared for microscopic examination using routine histological techniques, with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. Results: The findings showed the extract to be ameliorative by reducing histomorphological distortions of lead acetate toxicity in the brain, and thus caused moderate regeneration of the cerebellar tissue. Conclusion: The outcome of this research therefore indicates that the avocado leaf extract has medicinal potentials and could serve as an herbal remedy in the alternative treatment of lead poisoning.

scholarly journals Monitoring of BALB/C strain mice health, investigation of behavior, hematological parameters under the effect of an electromagnetic field

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (03) ◽  
pp. 6194-2019
Author(s):  
JUDITA ZYMANTIENE ◽  
RASA ZELVYTE ◽  
VIDA JUOZAITIENE ◽  
VAIDAS OBERAUSKAS ◽  
ALGIS NOREIKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Behavior Characteristics ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electromagnetic fields on BALB/c strain mice on their health, body weight, behavior characteristics, hematological parameters and histopathological findings in the brain. The mice of the experimental groups were exposed to electromagnetic waves by using Nokia 230 and Samsung 19300 Galaxy S III mobile phones situated at 2 cm from the cages. In the present study, it can be concluded that the exposure of mice to mobile phone radiation had an effect on the structure of the brain, behavior and body weight. The waves of mobile phones increased activity characteristics and changed some behavioral categories of mice and also decreased their body weight. Histopathological examination revealed mild edema of neutrophils and degeneration of some neurons and glial cells in the brains of experimental mice. The results of the present study showed that a using mobile phone had an influence on in vivo systems.

scholarly journals The First Report of Elaphostrongylus cervi Infection in Two Imported Wapitis (Cervus canadensis) in Slovenia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Petra Bandelj ◽  
Polona Juntes ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt ◽  
Diana Žele Vengušt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Cervus Canadensis ◽  
The Brain

This study describes two female wapitis (Cervus canadensis) with neurological signs associated with an Elaphostrongylus cervi (E. cervi) infection. The original host of the nematode parasite is the Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus), although other cervids and small ruminants may also be affected. The two wapitis imported from Canada were kept in an enclosure with the Slovenian red deer herd. After developing debilitating neurological signs, the wapitis were euthanized and examined for possible causes. A histopathological examination of the brain of the first wapiti revealed severe diffuse perivascular meningoencephalitis with chronic vasculitis, and some cross-sections of nematodes were found in the leptomeninges. A necropsy of the second wapiti revealed severe pachymeningitis and leptomeningitis, where several adult nematode parasites were found. E. cervi was confirmed by molecular methods. The prevalence of E. cervi in the European red deer population is high, but no study has been conducted to assess its prevalence in Slovenia. This was the first confirmation of E. cervi in Slovenia and the first infection with this parasite described in Europe in a wapiti. Elaphostrongylus cervi should also be considered as a differential diagnosis in Europe for all ruminants grazing on pastures frequented by red deer and showing neurological clinical signs.

scholarly journals Effect of the median lethal dose of the ethanolic extract of (Nerium Oleander) leaves on the histopathology features of the vital organs in mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Ali Hussien Saliem
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Cells ◽  
Median Lethal Dose ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
The Brain

Nerium oleander leaves ethanolic extract at median lethal dose of 520 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to six male mice .Clinical signs of toxicosis in mice began to appear about 1 hr after receiving the oleander extract which included abdominal pain, frequent urination, diarrhea, depression, weakness and convulsive movement and death at the end stage.Four mice died within 4 to 24 hrs and two survived. Haemorrhage spots of varying degrees were observed in internal organs at necropsy.Histopathology revealed extensive tubular necrosis in kidneys with haemosiderin pigment in the cytoplasm of convoluted tubular cells, different degrees of coagulative necrosis in cardiac muscle cells associated with haemorrhage and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells. Scattered necrosis of hepatocytes,congestion and oedema in lungs with severe congestion in the brain also observed histologically.

scholarly journals Anatomopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and molecular characterization of infectious laryngotracheitis outbreaks in poultry farms in Egypt (2018–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Saied ◽  
◽  
Magdy El-Mahdy ◽  
Ezz El-Din Sakr ◽  
Mostafa Bastami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Pcr Targeting ◽  
Tracheal Lesion

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a severe respiratory disease, which causes high morbidity and mortality in affected birds. In our study, ILT were reported in 42 farms from nine governates over two years (2018–2020) that showed clinical signs of ILT including dyspnea, blood expectoration of, excessive lacrimation, rattling, conjunctivitis. The disease affected different chicken breeds and age groups despite vaccination with licensed and commonly used vaccines. Samples of larynx, trachea, lungs and air sacs were examined and collected for histopathological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical examination and molecular detection. Gross examination of laryngeal and tracheal lumen revealed different types of exudate varied from catarrhal to fibrinonecotric, also pneumonia and airsacculitis were detected. Histopathological examination showed different alternation in larynx, trachea, lung and air sac as characteristic syncytial cells containing intranuclear inclusion body hanged in fibrinoheterphilic exudate that precent in laryngeal, tracheal, bronchial and parabronchial lumen and air sacs. Tracheal lesion scoring system was used to categorize the severity of lesion in different governates. Tracheal lesion score showed that 6.02%, 26.5%, 43.3% of the birds exhibited mild, moderate, and severe changes, respectively, while 24.18% of the birds exhibited very severe changes. Furthermore, severe cases were related to the Qalyubia , Fayoum then Sharkia Governorate. Moreover, immunohistochemistry was used to detect viral particles in syncytial cells, inflammatory cells beside epithelium of trachea and lung. Transmission electron microscopy enabled the detection of virus particles and demonstrated that heterophils could be infected. PCR targeting a region in the thymidine kinase gene and glycoprotein gJ gene confirmed the presence of infectious laryngotracheitis ILT virus-specific DNA. In conclusion, anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular and ultrastructural findings showed increased of ILTV severity in Egypt. Larynx, trachea, lungs and air sac should be collected and examined that aid in diagnosis. Importance of good biosecurity level to be considered.

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