scholarly journals Research and development of hydrogen energy systems at the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-148
Author(s):  
V. N. Fateev ◽  
V. N. Porembsky ◽  
S. A. Grigoriev ◽  
I. E. Baranov ◽  
S. V. Ostrovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Solid Polymer ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Kurchatov Institute ◽  
Plasma Chemical ◽  
Catalytic Systems

This publication provides a brief overview of the materials of developments in promising areas of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies carried out by scientists and specialists at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", in particular: - plasma, plasma-chemical, beam technologies, hydrogen energy technologies to ensure environmental safety and environmental protection, including:methods and technologies based on plasma-chemical processes for the processing and synthesis of organic compounds, modeling of plasma and plasma-chemical processes;development of plasma-melt technologies for gasification of solid organic raw materials, • development of a plasmatron complex for waste processing;elements of hydrogen (atomic-hydrogen) energy, including plasma ones, which ensure an increase in energy efficiency and environmental safety in energy (including renewable energy) in transport; • plasma catalytic systems for the conversion of organic fuels;fuel cells and electrolytic cells with solid polymer electrolyte; • membrane and membrane catalytic systems for hydrogen production and purification;nanostructured electrocatalysts;ensuring hydrogen safety.The Kurchatov Institute is the founder and undisputed leader and coordinator of research and development in our country in a number of key areas of hydrogen energy.

scholarly journals A Decade of Successful Collaborations in Nutritional Compound Process Research and Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 957-966
Author(s):  
Werner Bonrath ◽  
Roman Goy ◽  
Ulla Létinois ◽  
Marc-André Müller ◽  
Thomas Netscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Compound Process ◽  
Synthetic Routes

Collaborations between academia and industry are vital for modern industrial research and development projects, combining the best of both worlds to develop sustainable chemical processes. Herein we summarize a number of successful cooperations between DSM Nutritional Products and Swiss academic institutions that have been carried out over approximately the past decade. A wide variety of reactions and processes have been investigated with experts located in Switzerland. New synthetic routes, chemical transformations and reactor concepts have been developed to produce industrially relevant compounds. Additionally the scope of known catalytic systems has been probed and new catalysts showing improved selectivity have been designed, synthesized and tested. We describe how the research was supported by DSM, the parallel in-house investigations and also how the projects were continued and further developed.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Contribution to the Research and Development of Radiation Chambers in Steam Reforming. Problem-Oriented Application of a Fuzzy Expert System

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 2125-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Stehlík ◽  
František Babinec
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methane Conversion ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Fuzzy Expert System ◽  
Present Contribution

An application of a fuzzy expert system intended for estimating some parameters of steam reforming can also be one of the examples of an ever increasing utilization of expert systems in practice. The present contribution deals with the method making use of a verified mathematical model for simulating thermal chemical processes in reforming furnace radiation chamber in order to create knowledge base. This base includes linguistic values of selected independent and dependent variable quantities. Examples given illustrate an evaluation of dependent variable quantities (methane conversion into carbon dioxide and monoxide, reaction tube service life) by means of the said expert system based on queries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Strategic Directions in Sustainable Hydrogen Investment Decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4581
Author(s):  
Lu Zhu ◽  
Lanli Hu ◽  
Serhat Yüksel ◽  
Hasan Dinçer ◽  
Hüsne Karakuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Technological Infrastructure ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Effective Hydrogen ◽  
Interval Valued

This study seeks to find the appropriate strategies necessary to make sustainable and effective hydrogen energy investments. Within this scope, nine different criteria are defined regarding social, managerial, and financial factors. A hesitant, interval-valued, intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology is considered to calculate the degree of importance of the criteria. Additionally, impact relation maps are also generated to visualize the causality relationship between the factors. The findings indicate that the technical dimension has the greatest importance in comparison to managerial and financial factors. Furthermore, it is also concluded that storage and logistics, research and development, and technological infrastructure are the most significant factors to be considered when defining hydrogen energy investment strategies. Hence, before investing in hydrogen energy, necessary actions should be taken to minimize the storage and logistic costs. Among them, building the production site close to the usage area will contribute significantly to this purpose. In this way, possible losses during the transportation of hydrogen can be minimized. Moreover, it is essential to identify the lowest-cost hydrogen storage method by carrying out the necessary research and development activities, thereby increasing the sustainability and effectiveness of hydrogen energy investment projects.

Significant innovations of the foreign automobile in-dustry. Environmental safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
V.А. Grushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Wheeled Vehicles

Effective protection of the environment is largely determined by the perfection of drives for various types of automobile wheeled vehicles, which are responsible for the emission of harmful substances into the atmospheric air and noise emission. These aspects of environmental safety are among the most important areas of research and development for specialists in the field of automotive innovation. Keywords automobile rolling stock; structures; technologies; units; research; design; manufacture; operation; environmental safety

An overview of the research and development of solid polymer electrolyte batteries

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Murata ◽  
Shuichi Izuchi ◽  
Youetsu Yoshihisa
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Polymer
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