scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL LEARNING CYCLE KARPLUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA KELAS V SD NEGERI 2 PADOKAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Wahyu Adinugroho ◽  
Sigit Sujatmika ◽  
Shanta Rezkita
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Analysis Techniques

This study aims to improve problem-solving skills and learning achievement by applying the Karplus Learning Cycle Model on students of class VC of SD N 2 Padokan Bantul, totaling 20 students. This research was a classroom action research and was carried out in two cycles.  Data collection techniques were test and non-test. Students’ problem-solving skills data were collected using pretest and posttest as well as observation sheets, while science learning achievement of students was taken using pretest and posttest. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results showed that problem-solving skills and learning achievements of the students in class VC SD N 2 Padokan can be improved through learning with the Karplus Learning Cycle Model. Each stage of the Karplus Learning Cycle Model can improve aspects of problem-solving skills and student learning achievement. The Exploration stage increases the aspect of understanding the problem. The Explanation phase enhances the aspects of planning a solution. The concept application stage improves aspects of solving problems and evaluating problem-solving. Improved problem-solving skills are proven through test results, where the average N gain of class in the first cycle was 0.37 with the moderate category, up to 0.70 with the high category in the second cycle.  This is also strengthened from the results of observations, where the average scores of the class increase from the first cycle of 67.61% with a pretty good category to 91.66% with a very good category in the second cycle.  The increase in student learning achievements is evidenced through the results of the test, where an increase in the number of students who reached KKM 75 from the first cycle as much as 90% to 100% in the second cycle.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL LEARNING CYCLE 7E UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PENYELESAIAN MASALAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Nia Erlina ◽  
Budi Jatmiko ◽  
Raharjo Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Before And After

This study aims to develop physics learning material based on 7E learning cycle model veable to use improving problem solving skills. Implementation of the research has done in class X of SMAN 16 Surabaya academic year 2014/2015. Methods of data collection are validity, tests, observations, and questionnaires. The materials was developed using the modified 4D model of the design testing one group pretest-posttest design. Analysis of the significance of the increase in problem-solving skills using a paired t test while to see the consistency of learning outcomes using analysis of variance. Results from this research showed: 1) the validity of learning material give results of the validation consisted of RPP value of 3.47 is valid categorized, BAS value of 3.50 is valid categorized, LKS is 3.64 categorized very valid, problem solving skills test value of 3 is valid categorized, legibility BAS is 73.90% being categorized, legibility LKS is 77.46 % higher category, the level of difficulty BAS  is 26.52 % low categorized, the difficulty level of LKS is 26.32% low categorized; 2) the practicality of the learning material consist of a feasibility study learning of 93.25% is very well categorized and learning implementation constraints that arise when students understand the steps the experiment; 3) the effectiveness of learning, in terms of problem-solving skills increase significantly between before and after the learning with a high degree of improvement category; Average student activity categorized in three classes, as well as students respond positively to the learning activities, and positive student’s response of learning activity. The results showed that physics learning material based on 7E learning cycle model veable to use improving problem solving skills. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika model learning cycle 7E yang layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan penyelesaian masalah. Penelitian pada kelas X SMAN 16 Surabaya tahun ajaran 2014/2015. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan validasi, tes, observasi, dan angket. Perangkat pembelajaran dikembangkan menggunakan model 4-D dengan rancangan ujicoba one group pretest-posttest design. Analisis signifikansi peningkatan keterampilan penyelesaian masalah menggunakan uji t berpasangan sedangkan untuk melihat konsistensi hasil pembelajaran menggunakan analisis varians. Hasil penelitian: 1) validitas perangkat pembelajaran dengan hasil nilai validasi terdiri dari RPP sebesar 3.47 berkategori valid, BAS sebesar 3.50 berkategori valid, LKS sebesar 3.64 berkategori sangat valid, tes keterampilan penyelesaian masalah sebesar 3 berkategori valid, keterbacaan BAS sebesar 73.90% berkategori sedang, keterbacaan LKS sebesar 77.46% berkategori tinggi, tingkat kesulitan BAS sebesar 26.52% berkategori rendah, tingkat kesulitan LKS sebesar 26.32% berkategori rendah; 2) kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran ditinjau dari keterlaksanaan pembelajaran sebesar 93.25% berkategori sangat baik dan kendala pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang muncul saat siswa memahami langkah-langkah percobaan; 3) keefektifan perangkat pembelajaran, ditinjau dari peningkatan keterampilan penyelesaian masalah secara signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran dengan derajat peningkatan berkategori tinggi; rata-rata aktivitas siswa di tiga kelas berkategori baik, serta respons siswa positif terhadap aktivitas pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran fisika model learning cycle 7E layak digunakan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan penyelesaian masalah.

scholarly journals UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR FISIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SIKLUS (LEARNING CYCLE ”5E”) DI SMP NEGERI 1PANYABUNGAN

PeTeKa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Darwis Darwis ◽  
Rizky Ariaji
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Applied Learning ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Student Activity ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Learning Interest

The problem in this research is the low interest of physics student learning influence to the success of a process of physics learning. To overcome this problem, this research applied learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E"). This study aims to improve students' learning creativity, student learning activities, teachers' ability to manage learning and students' interest in physical learning through learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E") on Cubes and Balok subjects in class VIII-2 SMP Negeri 4 Angkola Timur. Data analysis shows that for the cycle I there is increase cycle II. The result of observation of student activity on cycle I obtained by cycle II increase. Observation on the ability of teachers to manage to learn in cycle I am in the category of "good," and for cycle II there is an increase that is in the category of "very good". The above conclusions suggest that the implementation of the learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E") can be used in an effort to increase the students' learning interest in physics and to the teacher, it is expected to implement the learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E") on other subjects on physics lessons or appropriate subjects. Keywords: Student Learning Interest, Learning Cycle Model "5e". 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient Siswa

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Abdul Ma'arif ◽  
Syaiful Syaiful ◽  
Muhammad Haris Effendi Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Mathematics Problem Solving ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematics Problem

Problem-solving skill is required by students and a target in studying mathematics. However, the problem-solving skill of Indonesian students are lacking. One effort that can be done is applying the Model of Learning Cycle 5E.  This research discussed the influence of the implementation of the learning cycle model on mathematics problem-solving skill viewed from students’ adversity quotient. This research used a quantitive approach, quasi-experimental study. The subjects were the 8th Grade students of SMP IT Ash-Shiddiiqi Jambi, consisting of two experiment classes and one control class. The instruments were post-test and adversity quotient questionnaire modified by Stoltz and had been validated by experts. Data analysis was conducted by Two-Way ANOVA. The results showed that there was no interaction between the learning cycle 5E model and mathematics problem-solving skill. This finding indicates that the model of learning cycle 5E affects problem-solving skills and can be applied to students with all types of adversity quotient.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MODELLEARNING CYCLE DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR AKUNTANSI POKOK BAHASAN JURNAL PENYESUAIAN PADA KELAS XI IPS 3 DI SMAN 4 BARABAI

Jurnal Socius ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Main Topic ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
The Subject

The subject of Economy, specially Accountancy major was the most important lesson in life and for the students it can raise curiosity, fairness, hard work, dicipline and creative and innovative interpreneurship. The problem which is faced nowadays is that economy/accountancy with the main topic Journal of Adaptation is percepived as the difficult lesson for some students. In addition, the teachers do not implement learning model maximally, as the consequence of this condition causes students have less interest in studying it and the result of studying is low. In this research the aspects studied were student learning activity, student’s interest, studying result and student response by using Learning Cycle Model in Accountancy lesson with main topic Journal of Adaptation. This research is a classroom action research with quatitaive approach. The result of this reseach shows that student learning activity increased; in cycle I was 3,20 (not good ) and in cycle II became 4 (good );  students’ interest  in learning at cycle II was 49,74 % (enough)  in second II became 98,05 (very good). The result of studying in cycle II was 78,96 and in cycle II increased became 85,45. The completeness in cycle I was 21 % and in cycle II was 100%. From response using questionnaire it is stated 75,8% of students agreed and liked Learning Cycle Model for accountancy with main topic Journal of Adaptation. In the teaching and learning accountancy the teachers are expected to be able to use various models in learning process in order that it can raise the interest of studying and the result of studying becomes higher.Key Word: Studying of Learning Cycle Model, interest, the result of studying, accountancy Mata pelajaran Ekonomi/Akuntansi adalah mata pelajaran yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan dan bagi siswa dapat menunbuhkan rasa ingin tahu, jujur, kerja keras,disiplin dan dapat menumbuhkan rasa kewirausahaan yaitu kreatif dan inovatif. Masalah yang dihadapi sekarang ini mata pelajaran Ekonomi/Akuntansi pokok bahasan Jurnal penyesuaian dipersepsikan sebagai pelajaran yang sulit bagi sebagian anak, disamping itu guru kurang maksimal dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran, sehingga kondisi ini menyebabkan siswa kurang berminat dalam belajar dan memiliki hasil belajar rendah. Penelitian ini aspek yang diteliti adalah Aktivitas Belajar siswa, minat belajar siswa, hasil belajar siswa dan respon siswa dengan penggunaan model pembelajaran Learning cycle pada pelajaran Akuntansi pokok bahasan jurnal penyesuaian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Aktivitas belajar siswa meningkat pada siklus I sebesar 3,20 ( kurang baik) dan pada siklus II menjadi 4( baik), minat belajar siswa pada  siklus I sebesar 49,74% (cukup) pada  siklus  II meningkat menjadi 98,05 (sangat baik). Hasil belajar siklus I sebesar 78,96 dan  siklus II meningkat menjadi 85,45, Ketuntasan saat siklus I sebesar  21% dan siklus II ketuntasan 100%. Dari hasil respon melalui angket dinyatakan 75,8% siswa setuju dan senang dengan model Learning cycle (siklus belajar) pada mata pelajaran akuntansi pokok bahasan jurnal penyesuaian. Guru diharapkan dalam pembelajaran Akuntansi dapat menggunakan variasi model-model yang lebih bervariasi sehingga menimbulkan minat belajar dan hasil belajar yang tinggi.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran model Learning cycle, Minat, Hasil Belajar, Akuntansi

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TAI (TEAM ASSISTED INDIVIDUALIZATION) DENGAN TEKNIK TUTOR SEBAYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat ◽  
Tjandra Kirana ◽  
Wahono Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Guided Discovery

After doing research by using 5E Learning Cycle Model through Guided Discovery learning with the topic of Human Reproduction System, it aimed to increase the student learning outcomes.  The subjects were 35 students of SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda, which used One group pretest-posttest design. The data were analyzed by using quantitative-qualitative description, the results are : (1) The feasibility of lesson plan categorized as good; (2) Student activity with a good instrument reliability; (3) Student learning outcomes had increased with the average score was 85 (N-gain score was 0,76).  According to analyzed data, it can be concluded that 5E Learning Cycle Model through Guided Discovery can be used to increase student learning outcomes. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E berbasis Guided Discovery pada pokok bahasan Sistem reproduksi  manusia, dengan tujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Subyek penelitian 35 siswa SMA Negeri 4 Samarinda menggunakan rancangan One Group Pretest and Postest Design. Data adalah hasil kompetensi pengetahuan, keterampilan dan sikap. Data tersebut dianalisis dengan hasil sebagai berikut: (1) Keterlaksanaan RPP dengan kategori baik; (2) aktivitas siswa dengan realibilitas instrumen berkategori baik; (3) THB untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa terhadap materi sistem reproduksi manusia dengan rata-rata skor 85 yang secara keseluruhan mengalami peningkatan Gain 0.76. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa Model Learning Cycle 5E berbasis Guided Discovery dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SCRAMBLE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VII SMP N 13 KOTA BENGKULU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-179
Author(s):  
Niken Puspa Satrya Putri ◽  
Nurul Astuty Yensy ◽  
Della Maulidiya
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Action Observation ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Average Value

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan penerapan model pembelajaran scramble. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII C SMP N 13 Kota Bengkulu semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus dengan alur penelitian yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes  hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian penerapan model pembelajaran scramble dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dengan cara memotivasi siswa untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan hasil belajarnya pada tes akhir siklus selanjutnya, menghimbau kepada siswa untuk serius dalam mengerjakan tes akhir belajar tiap siklus dan guru juga mengatakan kepada siswa bahwa nilai tes setiap siklus juga berpengaruh terhadap nilai rapor, mengingatkan siswa untuk membuat rumus umumnya terlebih dahulu dan kesimpulan akhir jawaban, serta memberikan bimbingan kepada siswa yang mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata tes hasil belajar siswa siklus I sampai siklus III secara berturut-turut adalah 60,56; 70,35; dan 82,74 serta ketuntasan belajar klasikal siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III secara berturut-turut adalah 46,88%; 53,13%; dan 81,25%.Kata kunci : Model Pembelajaran Scramble, Hasil Belajar. AbstractThis study aims to improve student activity and learning outcomes by applying a model of scramble learning. The subjects of this study were the students of class VII C SMP N 13 Kota Bengkulu even semester of academic year 2017/2018 which amounted to 32 students. The type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is implemented in three cycles with the research flow of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Instrument used is test result of student learning. Student learning outcomes could also be improved by motivating students to better prepare themselves when the exam will take place and the teacher announces the final test results of cycle I and cycle II so that students are more motivated to improve and improve learning outcomes in the final test of the next cycle, appealed to students to serious in doing the end test of each cycle and the teacher also told the students that the value of each cycle test also affects the value of the report card, remind students to make the general formula in advance and the final conclusion of the answers, and provide guidance to students who have difficulty in learning. Improvement of student learning outcomes can be seen from the average value of the test results of student learning cycle I to cycle III in a row is 60.56; 70.35; and 82,74 and the completeness of classical learning cycle I, cycle II, and cycle III in a row is 46,88%; 53.13%; and 81.25%.Keywords : Scramble Learning Model, Learning Outcomes. 

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL COMICS IN IMPROVING INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SKILLS AND STUDENT MOTIVATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Kristin Sangur ◽  
Audrey Makatita
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Student Motivation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Before And After

Digital comics are media that support the learning process in the 4.0 era. Digital comics contain the concept of bacteria that is easy for students to understand. The purpose of this study was to analyze the increase in problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and student motivation in learning the concept of bacteria using digital comics. The subjects in this study were 26 third semesters’ students of the biology education program. The comics that are used are digital comics created by researchers using the comic life application. The instruments used were critical thinking test questions and problem-solving and motivation questionnaires. Data analyses were done by using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the t-test analysis showed that there were differences in students' problem solving and critical thinking abilities before and after learning using digital comics "Bacterial Characteristics" (p <0.05). Meanwhile, student motivation also has differences between the first meeting and the second meeting during learning using digital comics (p <0.05). The use of digital comics can empower students' problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and motivation in learning the concept of bacterial characteristics

scholarly journals Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika: Sebuah Tinjauan terhadap Kepribadian Guardian dan Idealis

At- Tarbawi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Rika Rika Arifah Sari ◽  
Fenny Anggreni ◽  
Mazlan Abduh
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Mathematical Problem Solving ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Written Test

Classification of personality based on the MBTI personality grouped by David Keisey. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in students' mathematical problem solving abilities in terms of guardian and idealistic personality types in SMA Negeri 4 vocational youth. This research is a qualitative research. The subjects of this study were 4 students from class X Mia 3 SMA Negeri 4. The data validity technique used in this research is triangulation technique. Data analysis techniques include, descriptive data of written test results and interview results, analyzed from written test results and interview results, then conclusions are drawn. The results of the discussion can be concluded that there are differences in mathematical problem solving abilities of guardian and idealist personality types. Guardian personality type subjects can fulfill all problem solving indicators according to polya, namely the stages of understanding the problem, planning solutions, solving problems, and re-examining and drawing conclusions properly and correctly, while subjects with idealistic personality types at the stage of understanding the problem do not write down what is asked. In the problem-solving stage there are errors so that the results obtained are wrong and do not meet one of the polya indicators, namely not re-examining the existing answers but can draw conclusions. So the researchers suggest that students can improve their mathematical problem solving skills well

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MODEL SIKLUS BELAJAR 5E PADA MATERI HUKUM DASAR KIMIA DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MAHASISWA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rody Putra Sartika ◽  
Lukman Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Plan Implementation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Model Law ◽  
Normalized Gain

The aim of this study was to describe the student’ understanding of law of Fundamental chemistry concept after learning using tools developed through 5E learning cycle model. Designing of learning tools adopted Dick and Carey model. Learning tools was tested on students PGMIPAU FKIP Untan first half of 2014. This type of study was Research and Development. Instruments in this study were the achievement test, observation sheets of lesson plan implementation and observation sheets of barriers in learning. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The findings of the study were: tools developed had feasible validity, implementation of lesson plan was very good, and students' understanding of law of fundamental chemistry concepts was improved that can be seen from the normalized gain scores. It was concluded that student’ learning outcomes after implementing 5E learning cycle model on the law of fundamental chemistry has increased. Key words :5E learning cycle model, law of fundamental chemistry.

Peningkatan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran di kelas melalui supervisi edukatif Kolaboratif secara periodik MIS Lawe kongker Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Syukrani Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Learning Cycle ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Educational Supervision ◽  
Average Action ◽  
Learning Plans

periodically in preparing learning plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student learning achievement that can improve teacher performance. This performance improvement is through periodic collaborative educational supervision. Based on the results of educational supervision in cycle I and cycle II, teacher performance increased, namely in cycle I, teacher performance in preparing learning plans in cycle I reached 71.98%, while cycle II was 92.44%. Teacher performance in implementing learning cycle I reached 72.44% while cycle II reached 93.81%. Teacher performance in assessing learning achievement in cycle Im reached 81.30% while cycle II was 90.56%. Teacher performance in carrying out follow-up assessments of student learning achievement in the first cycle reached 59.76% while the second cycle was 83.00%. Thus, the average action cycle II was above 75.00%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the teacher's performance has increased in preparing learning plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student learning achievement.

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