Modern chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Part II

Aim. To generalize and systematize information on the properties of modern chemical disinfectants and antiseptic agents (DA and AA) – peroxide compounds, surfactants, salts of heavy metals and metals of variable valence in the highest oxidation state, alcohols, phenols and quaternary ammonium salts.Results and discussion. The classification of DA and AA by the chemical structure was performed. The spectrum of their activity, directions and forms of DA and AA were given. Toxicity and the impact on the environment were described.Conclusions. The results of the study conducted allow us to state that modern DA and AA of a wide spectrum of action are peracetic acid and, to a certain extent, hydrogen peroxide. However, they are unstable in dilute solutions. Other reagents are chemically stable, but they are characterized by a weak or average action against spores and viruses. The most effective DA and AA are mixtures (combinations) of compounds belonging to different classes. The examples of these combinations are “surfactants + biguanidine derivatives”; “quaternary ammonium salts + phenol derivatives”; “surfactants + aldehydes”; “quaternary ammonium salts + hydrogen peroxide”. These mixtures combine the advantages and compensate for the disadvantages of individual DA and AA.

Scalar-tensor theories within Asymptotic Safety

Asymptotic Safety provides an elegant mechanism for obtaining a consistent high-energy completion of gravity and gravity-matter systems. Following the initial idea by Steven Weinberg, the construction builds on an interacting fixed point of the theories renormalization group (RG) flow. In this work we use the Wetterich equation for the effective average action to investigate the RG flow of gravity supplemented by a real scalar field. We give a non-perturbative proof that the subspace of interactions respecting the global shift-symmetry of the scalar kinetic term is closed under RG transformations. Subsequently, we compute the beta functions in an approximation comprising the Einstein-Hilbert action supplemented by the shift-symmetric quartic scalar self-interaction and the two lowest order shift-symmetric interactions coupling scalar-bilinears to the spacetime curvature. The computation utilizes the background field method with an arbitrary background, demonstrating that the results are manifestly background independent. Our beta functions exhibit an interacting fixed point suitable for Asymptotic Safety, where all matter interactions are non-vanishing. The presence of this fixed point is rooted in the interplay of the matter couplings which our work tracks for the first time. The relation of our findings with previous results in the literature is discussed in detail and we conclude with a brief outlook on potential phenomenological applications.

It’s in your hands: How variable perception affects grasping estimates in virtual reality

Successful interaction within one’s environment is contingent upon one’s ability to accurately perceive the extent over which actions can be performed, referred to as action boundaries. As our possibilities for action are subject to variability, it is necessary for individuals to be able to update their perceived action boundaries to accommodate for variance. While research has shown that individuals can update their action boundaries to accommodate for variability, it is unclear how the perceptual system calibrates to this variance to inform our action boundaries. This study investigated the influence of perceptual motor variability by analysing the effect of random and systematic variability on perceived grasp ability in virtual reality. Participants estimated grasp ability following perceptual-motor experience with a constricted, normal, extended, or variable grasp. In Experiment 1, participants experienced all three grasping abilities (constricted, normal, extended) 33% of the time. In Experiment 2 participants experienced the constricted and normal grasps 25% of the time, and the extended grasp 50% of the time. The results indicated that when perceptual-motor feedback is inconsistent, the perceptual system disregards the frequency of perceptual-motor experience with the different action capabilities and considers each action capability experienced as a type, and subsequently calibrates to the average action boundary experienced by type.

Statistical properties of the MetaCore network of protein-protein interactions

The MetaCore commercial database describes interactions of proteins and other chemical molecules and clusters in the form of directed network between these elements, viewed as nodes. The number of nodes goes beyond 40 thousands with almost 300 thousands links between them. The links have essentially bi-functional nature describing either activation or inhibition actions between proteins. We present here the analysis of statistical properties of this complex network applying the methods of the Google matrix, PageRank and CheiRank algorithms broadly used in the frame of the World Wide Web, Wikipedia, the world trade and other directed networks. We specifically describe the Ising PageRank approach which allows to treat the bi-functional type of protein-protein interactions. We also show that the developed reduced Google matrix algorithm allows to obtain an effective network of interactions inside a specific group of selected proteins. This method takes into account not only direct protein-protein interactions but also recover their indirect nontrivial couplings appearing due to summation over all the pathways passing via the global bi-functional network. The developed analysis allows to espablish an average action of each protein being more oriented to activation or inhibition. We argue that the described Google matrix analysis represents an efficient tool for investigation of influence of specific groups of proteins related to specific diseases.

Kantowski-Sachs Cosmology, Weyl Geometry and Asymptotic Safety in Quantum Gravity

A brief review of the essentials of Asymptotic Safety and the Renormalization Group (RG) improvement of the Schwarzschild Black Hole that removes the r = 0 singularity is presented. It is followed with a RG-improvement of the Kantowski-Sachs metric associated with a Schwarzschild black hole interior and such that there is no singularity at t = 0 due to the running Newtonian coupling G(t) (vanishing at t = 0). Two temporal horizons at t _- \simeq t_P and t_+ \simeq t_H are found. For times below the Planck scale t < t_P, and above the Hubble time t > t_H, the components of the Kantowski-Sachs metric exhibit a key sign change, so the roles of the spatial z and temporal t coordinates are exchanged, and one recovers a repulsive inflationary de Sitter-like core around z = 0, and a Schwarzschild-like metric in the exterior region z > R_H = 2G_o M. The inclusion of a running cosmological constant \Lambda (t) follows. We proceed with the study of a dilaton-gravity (scalar-tensor theory) system within the context of Weyl's geometry that permits to single out the expression for the classical potential V (\phi ) = \kappa\phi^4, instead of being introduced by hand, and find a family of metric solutions which are conformally equivalent to the (Anti) de Sitter metric. To conclude, an ansatz for the truncated effective average action of ordinary dilaton-gravity in Riemannian geometry is introduced, and a RG-improved Cosmology based on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric is explored.

Operational Transparency: Showing When Work Gets Done

Problem definition: Do the benefits of operational transparency depend on when the work is done? Academic/practical relevance: This work connects the operations management literature on operational transparency with the psychology literature on the peak-end effect. Methodology: This study examines how customers respond to operational transparency with parcel delivery data from the Cainiao Network, the logistics arm of Alibaba. The sample comprises 4.68 million deliveries. Each delivery has between 4 and 10 track-package activities, which customers can check in real time, and a delivery service score, which customers leave after receiving the package. Instrumental-variable regressions quantify the causal effect of track-package-activity times on delivery scores. Results: The regressions suggest that customers punish early idleness less than late idleness, leaving higher delivery service scores when track-package activities cluster toward the end of the shipping horizon. For example, if a shipment takes 100 hours, then delaying the time of the average action from hour 20 to hour 80 increases the expected delivery score by approximately the same amount as expediting the arrival time from hour 100 to hour 73. Managerial implications: Memory limitations make customers especially sensitive to how service operations end.

Peningkatan kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran di kelas melalui supervisi edukatif Kolaboratif secara periodik MIS Lawe kongker Tahun pelajaran 2019/2020

periodically in preparing learning plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student learning achievement that can improve teacher performance. This performance improvement is through periodic collaborative educational supervision. Based on the results of educational supervision in cycle I and cycle II, teacher performance increased, namely in cycle I, teacher performance in preparing learning plans in cycle I reached 71.98%, while cycle II was 92.44%. Teacher performance in implementing learning cycle I reached 72.44% while cycle II reached 93.81%. Teacher performance in assessing learning achievement in cycle Im reached 81.30% while cycle II was 90.56%. Teacher performance in carrying out follow-up assessments of student learning achievement in the first cycle reached 59.76% while the second cycle was 83.00%. Thus, the average action cycle II was above 75.00%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the teacher's performance has increased in preparing learning plans, implementing learning, assessing learning achievement, carrying out follow-up assessments of student learning achievement.

IMPLEMENTATION OF WORKSHOP ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE TEACHER COMPETENCY IN DEVELOPING LESSON PLANS

This research was conducted at SDN 017 Candirejo, Pasir Penyu District with 15 teachers. This study aims to improve teacher competency in Developing Lesson Plans (RPP) by implementing workshop activities. The type of the research was action research. This research procedure was carried out in two cycles, and the steps in each cycle consisted of planning, implementing actions, observing, and reflecting. The results showed that before giving an average action, the teacher got a value of 74.4 with sufficient qualifications, then after taking action in the first cycle, the average teacher got a score of 81 with good qualifications. In the second cycle, the average teacher's assessment increased to 86.7 with very good qualifications. The percentage increased from the pre-action to the first cycle was 6.6% and the pre-action to the second cycle was 12.3%. It can be concluded that the implementation of the workshop activities can improve teacher competency in preparing RPP at SDN 017 Candirejo, Pasir Penyu District.

INCREASED READING SKILLS ALOUD USING MODELING STRATEGIES IN GRADE II STUDENTS OF SDN 009 SANGATA UTARA

The purpose of this research is ti find out the results of the use of modeling grade in SDN 009 Northen Sangatta. Specially for the improvement of reading aloud in the pre reading stage when reading the post reading stage with the modelling strategies of of second grade elementary school student 009 Northen Sangatta. This research methodology is a type of classroom action research, research procedures used are planning, action, observation, and reflection. This research uses three cycles one cycle twice meeting. The problems contained in the first cycle will be followed up by the second cycle research and the third cycle research.The results of this study are the ability of pre reading in the first cycle an average of 60,7 % , the twice cycle an average of 73,2 % and an average the third cycle of 81,8 %. The ability to read aloud from the pre cycle test value which is used as the basic value obtained before the average action of 64,4 with sufficiently improved criteria in the first cycle of action of an average of 67,5 with sufficient criteria, increased cycle two by an average of 69,8 with the criteria are sufficient and increase in the average three cycle of 75,4 with good criteria. Post reading ability in cycle one is 64,2 % an average cycle two is 69,8 % and cycle three is 81,8 %. The conclusion that the application of modeling strategies can increase the ability to read aloud preweens when reading and post reading of second grade elementary school student 009 Northen Sangatta.