The effect of manganese(II) excess on growth and antioxidant status of barley seedlings

Manganese belongs to the group of heavy metals, which at high concentrations can have a negative effect on plant development. Typical soils of the Kirov region are acid podzolic and sod-podzolic soils, which are characterized by high content of manganese compounds available for plants. Studied was the effect of manganese(II) ions at the concentrations of 30.0, 60.0 and 90.0 mg/l on the growth and antioxidant activity (AOA) of the superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) in the organs of 7 and 14-day-old barley plants grown in aquatic culture. Varieties and forms of barley 346-09, 29-11, Farmer 198-12, Forward and Bionik, resistant to acidic soils (Al3 +, H+) served as objects for the research; Belgorodskij 100 variety was used as standard. When manganese was added to the solution for growing, a decrease in root length and an increase in AOA of SOD in plant roots were noted. It was concluded that increased concentrations of manganese had an effect on the morphometric parameters and on AOA SOD of barley seedlings. It has been established that increasing the dose of manganese in the solution for growing leads to a decrease in the length of the roots. AOA SOD varied in different organs of plants of some varieties, and its more significant change in the experiment compared with the control was revealed in the roots. Judging by morphometric indicators, the Belgorodskij 100 variety was the least resistant to Mn2+ ionic toxicity, the root length of which in the control was 15.7±0.4 cm, and in the experiment 13.2±0.3; 12.2±0.1; 11.5±0.3 cm in accordance with the dose of manganese 30, 60 and 90 mg / l. According to the level of AOA SOD, the most sensitive variety was Farmer 198-12, its change of AOA SOD in the roots (% of control) was 158.8; 167.2 and 169.4% in accordance with the dose of manganese 30.0; 60.0 and 90.0 mg / l (AOA SOD in the control was 52.4±0.4%; in the experiment 83.2±2.2; 87.6±2.0 and 88.7±0.6, respectively), and in the shoots ˗ 121.0; 128.3 and 125.6 %, respectively (66.7±7.9 % in the control and 80.7±0.5; 85.6±1.4; 83.8±0.6 % in the experiment in accordance with the dose of Mn 2+).

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The Influence of Manganese on Growth Processes of Hordeum L. (Poaceae) Seedlings

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10051009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1009

Author(s):

Kirill Tkachenko ◽

Irina Kosareva ◽

Marina Frontasyeva

Keyword(s):

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Baltic Countries ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Northern Territories ◽

Cis Countries ◽

The Baltic

Manganese, as one of the xenobionts, belongs to the group of heavy metals, which, in high concentrations, can negatively affect the development of plants. In small concentrations, it is necessary for plants for normal growth and development. It is present in soils and is available to plants to varying degrees. In acidic soils, it often acts as a toxic element, and plants do not develop well and can even die. Screening major crops for manganese tolerance is essential. Based on the analysis of the collection of barley (Hordeum L., Poaceae), the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) presented data that manganese-tolerant varieties and samples are concentrated in western and northern countries with a wide distribution of soils with low pH levels and high contents of mobile manganese. It follows from the diagnostic results that the maximum number of barley genotypes resistant to manganese is concentrated in Sweden, Finland, the northwestern and northern regions of the CIS countries, and the Russian Federation. In most cases, the samples tolerant to Al showed resistance to Mn as well, which is of great interest for further study of the mechanisms of plant resistance to these stressors. As a rule, samples from the northern territories—zones of distribution of acidic soils—were highly resistant. In this case, the role of the species belonging to the sample was leveled out. The highlighted areas (Scandinavia (Finland, Sweden), northern and northwestern regions of Russia, Belarus, and the Baltic countries) are sources of germplasm valuable for selection for acid resistance of barley.

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The Association of Maternal Thyroid Autoimmunity During Pregnancy With Child IQ

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-00743 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 3729-3736 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Arash Derakhshan ◽

Tim I M Korevaar ◽

Peter N Taylor ◽

Deborah Levie ◽

Monica Guxens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Free T4 ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Maternal Thyroid ◽

Avon Longitudinal Study

Abstract Context Thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity is a major risk factor for gestational thyroid dysfunction. During the first 18 to 20 weeks of pregnancy, high concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulate the thyroid to ensure adequate thyroid hormone availability for the developing fetus. However, TPOAb-positive women have an impaired thyroidal response to hCG stimulation. Objective To study the association of maternal TPOAb positivity during pregnancy with child IQ. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was embedded in two prospective birth cohorts: Generation R (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; United Kingdom). Mother-child pairs with available data on early pregnancy TPOAb (≤18 weeks of gestation) and offspring IQ were included (n = 3637 for Generation R and n = 2396 for ALSPAC). Main Outcome Measures Child IQ at 5 to 10 years of age. Results In Generation R, TPOAb positivity was associated with a 2.0 ± 0.9-point lower mean child IQ (P = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses showed negative effect estimates already from TPOAb concentrations considerably lower than currently used manufacturer cutoffs. In ALSPAC, neither TPOAb positivity nor TPOAb concentrations below manufacturer cutoffs were associated with child IQ (TPOAb positivity: 0.7 ± 1.0; P = 0.45). Adjustment for maternal TSH or free T4 concentrations or urinary iodine/creatinine ratio did not change the results. Conclusion TPOAb positivity during pregnancy was associated with lower child IQ in Generation R but not in ALSPAC. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether differences between the study populations, such as maternal iodine status, could be the underlying cause for these differences.

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Preemergence Herbicide Effects on Hybrid Bermudagrass Root Architecture and Establishment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12480-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 567-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erick G. Begitschke ◽

James D. McCurdy ◽

Te-Ming Tseng ◽

T. Casey Barickman ◽

Barry R. Stewart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Root Architecture ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Future Research ◽

Root Mass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Herbicide Effects ◽

Preemergence Herbicides

Preemergence herbicides generally have a negative effect on hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] establishment. However, little is known about the effect they have on root architecture and development. Research was conducted to determine the effects of commonly used preemergence herbicides on ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass root architecture and establishment. The experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse maintained at 26 °C day/night temperature at Mississippi State University in Starkville, MS, from Apr. 2016 to June 2016 and repeated from July 2016 to Sept. 2016. Hybrid bermudagrass plugs (31.6 cm2) were planted in 126-cm2 pots (1120 cm3) and preemergence herbicide treatments were applied 1 d after planting at the recommended labeled rate for each herbicide. Preemergence herbicide treatments included atrazine, atrazine + S-metolachlor, dithiopyr, flumioxazin, indaziflam, liquid and granular applied oxadiazon, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and simazine. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. Plugs treated with indaziflam and liquid applied oxadiazon failed to achieve 50% hybrid bermudagrass cover by the end of the experiment. Of the remaining herbicide treatments, all herbicides other than granular applied oxadiazon and atrazine increased the number of days required to reach 50% cover (Days50). In addition, all herbicide treatments reduced root mass when harvested 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) relative to the nontreated. By 10 WAT, all treatments reduced root mass in run 1, but during run 2, only prodiamine, pendimethalin, simazine, atrazine + S-metolachlor, liquid applied oxadiazon, and indaziflam reduced dry root mass compared with the nontreated. At 4 WAT, all treatments other than simazine and granular applied oxadiazon reduced root length when compared with the nontreated. By 10 WAT, only dithiopyr, S-metolachlor alone, and indaziflam reduced root length when compared with the nontreated. No differences were detected in the total amounts of nonstarch nonstructural carbohydrates (TNSC) within the roots in either run of the experiment. Results suggest that indaziflam, dithiopyr, and S-metolachlor are not safe on newly established hybrid bermudagrass and should be avoided during establishment. For all other treatments, hybrid bermudagrass roots were able to recover from initial herbicidal injury by 10 WAT; however, future research should evaluate tensile strength of treated sod.

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Impacts of different salt source and concentrations on germination and seedling growth of many pumpkin seeds used as rootstoch in Iran

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1202235d ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 235-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Dadashpour

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Length ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Root Weight ◽

Pumpkin Seeds ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Shoot Weight

The effects of different salt sources (C Cl2, NaCl, and KCl) and concentrations, as measured by electrical conductivity, (0, "control", 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 dS m-1) on seed germination and seedling growth of ?Ferro?, ?Obez?, ?RS 841? and ?Strong Tosa F1? pumpkin varieties used as rootstock were investigated in this study. The results showed that germination rate, root length, shoot length, fresh root weight, dry root weight, fresh shoot weight and dry shoot weights tend to decrease when the electrical conductivity of the solution is higher than 5 dS m-1, independent of salt sources and in all of the varieties. Three days after seeding, a germination ratio of 5 % was obtained from RS 841 variety in all salt source and concentrations, while a germination ratio over 50 % was obtained in ?Strong Tosa? variety for the same conditions except CaCl2 salt source. Nevertheless, seeds germinated in medium having high concentrations of CaCl2 had lower germination rate and poor seedling growth, compared to media having the same concentrations of NaCl and KCl. It was concluded that all of the varieties studied were more sensitive to the concentrations prepared using CaCl2 than that of the KCl, and NaCl.

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Antioxidant Status and Liver Function of Young Turkeys Receiving a Diet with Full-Fat Insect Meal from Hermetia illucens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1339

Author(s):

Katarzyna Ognik ◽

Krzysztof Kozłowski ◽

Anna Stępniowska ◽

Piotr Listos ◽

Damian Józefiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Liver Function ◽

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Control Diet ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Lipid Status ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Nutritional Needs

We hypothesized that full-fat insect meal from Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae can be an acceptable source of protein and energy in the diet of young turkeys, in an amount adapted to the nutritional needs of these birds, and at the same time can improve their antioxidant status and metabolism. The turkeys were fed a control diet (HI0) without the insect meal, and three diets with increasing HI content of 5%, 10% and 15% (treatments HI5, HI10 and HI15, respectively). The use of 10% or 15% HI in the diet of young turkeys, while beneficially raising levels of P, Fe and Hb, has a negative effect on lipid metabolism, increasing TC levels, lipid oxidation, and fat deposition in the liver. The inclusion of 5% HI in the diet of young turkeys has no adverse effect on the lipid status and histology of the liver, but it does not improve antioxidant status. To conclude, the level of HI meal in the diet of turkeys should not exceed 5%. However, as similar studies on turkeys have not yet been published, overly general conclusions should not be drawn from the results of the present study, and further research is necessary.

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Some Ecological Problems of Development of Mineral Raw Materials in Amurskaya Oblast’

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1305 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 1305-1308

Author(s):

Lyudmila Timopheevna Krupskaya ◽

Valentina Pavlovna Zvereva ◽

Oleg Olegovich Panfilov

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Mining Enterprise ◽

Ecological Problems ◽

Processing Wastes ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Zone Of Influence ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Plant Processing ◽

Innovation Approach

The paper considers some ecological problems of the gold-mining enterprise in Amurskaya Oblast’. The investigations have revealed the technogenic pollution of the soil-grounds, air basin, and vegetation under the action of the processing wastes. High concentrations of heavy metals were found in the soils and vegetation in the zone of influence of the plant processing heavy concentrates at a distance of 100 and more meters. They are 2 to 90 times higher than the background values practically in all directions from the technogenic object. High TM concentrations were found also in the soils of building zone. Using the innovation approach we have elaborated the measures for decreasing the pollution negative effect on the habitat. We propose a new way of reclamation of the lands disturbed by the wastes of the mineral raw material processing with the use of the mixed bark-compost of the forest industry wastes.

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Differential Effects of Azithromycin, Doxycycline, and Cotrimoxazole in Ingested Blood on the Vectorial Capacity of Malaria Mosquitoes

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofw074 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mathilde Gendrin ◽

Rakiswendé Serge Yerbanga ◽

Jean Bosco Ouedraogo ◽

Thierry Lefèvre ◽

Anna Cohuet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Meal ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Falciparum Infection ◽

Vectorial Capacity ◽

Plasmodium Infection ◽

Mosquito Survival ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Malaria Mosquitoes

Abstract Background. The gut microbiota of malaria vector mosquitoes grows after a blood meal and limits Plasmodium infection. We previously showed that penicillin and streptomycin in the ingested blood affect bacterial growth and positively impact mosquito survival and permissiveness to Plasmodium. In this study, we examine the effects of doxycycline, azithromycin, and co-trimoxazole. All 3 antibiotics are used in mass drug administration programs and have antimicrobial activities against bacteria and various stages of malaria parasites. Methods. The effects of blood meal supplementation with antibiotics on the mosquito microbiota, lifespan, and permissiveness to Plasmodium falciparum were assessed. Results. Ingestion of any of the 3 antibiotics significantly affected the mosquito microbiota. Azithromycin decreased P falciparum infection load and mosquito lifespan, whereas at high concentrations, doxycycline increased P falciparum infection load. Co-trimoxazole negatively impacted infection intensity but had no reproducible effect on mosquito lifespan. Conclusions. Our data suggest that the overall effect of antibiotic treatment on parameters critical for mosquito vectorial capacity is drug specific. The negative effect of azithromycin on malaria transmission is consistent with current efforts for disease elimination, whereas additional, larger scale investigations are required before conclusions can be drawn about doxycycline.

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Genome-Wide Investigation of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol Protection Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-04-20-0084-r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1072-1079

Author(s):

Dae-Han Chae ◽

Da-Ran Kim ◽

Gyeongjun Cho ◽

Suhyeon Moon ◽

Youn-Sig Kwak

Keyword(s):

Activation Tagging ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Gene Ontology Analysis ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Pcr ◽

Tolerant Plants ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations

The compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) is a well-known secondary metabolite produced by Pseudomonas spp. that are used as biocontrol agents. DAPG displays a remarkably broad spectrum of toxic activity against pathogens of plants. Yet high concentrations of DAPG may also have negative effect on plants, but the phytotoxicity of DAPG is not clearly understood. Here, we used genome-wide activation, tagging Arabidopsis plants as the model plant to investigate the plant response to DAPG. A total of 15 lines were selected as DAPG-tolerant plants from among 62,000 lines investigated. The DAPG-responsible genes were then identified via thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR and quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and the gene ontology analysis showed the distribution of these genes having different biological processes, cellular regulations, and molecular functional properties. Collectively, these findings suggest that plants may rely on several pathways to prevent DAPG phytotoxicity.

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Soil zinc and its uptake by plants. I. Isotopic exchange equilibria and the application of tracer techniques. II. Soil chemistry in relation to prediction of availability

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9720151 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 151 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

KG Tiller ◽

JL Honeysett ◽

Vries MPC De

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Exchange ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Acidic Soils ◽

Activity Data ◽

Podzolic Soils ◽

Tracer Techniques ◽

Soil Groups

Isotopic exchange studies were applied to the laboratory and glasshouse measurement of labile zinc in 25 soils from nine Great Soil Groups. The laboratory equilibration procedures worked well with acidic and most near neutral soils, but may overestimate labile zinc values for the lateritic podzolic soils. The values for some acidic soils were also compromised because of lack of isotopic equilibrium. The laboratory method gave erratic and unrealistic data when applied to alkaline soils due to fixation of the added zinc. The procedures based on the specific activity of zinc absorbed by plants from soils equilibrated with carrier-free 65Zn gave reproducible values of the total amount of plant available zinc for all soils. These values agree well with the corresponding laboratory data for acidic soils. Furthermore, the specific activity data showed that magnesium chloride and EDTA extractions had equilibrated with the same chemical form or forms of zinc as that absorbed by the plants.

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Altered Capsaicin Levels in Domesticated Chili Pepper Varieties Affect the Interaction Between a Generalist Herbivore and Its Ectoparasitoid

10.21203/rs.3.rs-268361/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yosra Chabaane ◽

Carla Cristina Marques Arce ◽

Gaetan Glauser ◽

Betty Benrey

Keyword(s):

Adult Emergence ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Plant Domestication ◽

Generalist Herbivore ◽

Main Compound ◽

Parasitism Rates ◽

Negative Effect ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Chili Peppers

Abstract Plant domestication has commonly reduced levels of secondary metabolites known to confer resistance against insects. Chili pepper is a special case because the fruits of different varieties have been selected for lower and higher levels of capsaicin, the main compound associated with defense. This may have important consequences for insect herbivores and their natural enemies. Despite the widespread consumption of chili peppers worldwide, the effects of capsaicin on insects are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of capsaicin on a generalist herbivore, Spodoptora latifascia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its ectoparasitoid, Euplectrus platyhypenae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Using chili varieties with three pungency levels: non-pungent (Padron), mild (Cayenne) and highly pungent (Habanero), as well as artificial diets spiked with three different levels of synthetic capsaicin, we determined if higher capsaicin levels negatively affect the performance of these insects.Overall, capsaicin had a negative effect on both herbivore and parasitoid performance, particularly at high concentrations. Caterpillars reared on highly pungent fruits and high-capsaicin diet had longer development time, reduced pupation success, lower adult emergence, but also lower parasitism rates than caterpillars reared on mild or non-capsaicin treatments. In addition, we found that the caterpillars were capable of sequestering capsaicinoids in their haemolymph when fed on the high pungent variety with consequences for parasitoids’ performance and oviposition decisions. These results increase our understanding of the role of capsaicin as a chemical defense against insects and its potential implications for pest management.

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